136,582 research outputs found
Analysis of international graduate programmes structures for engineering education
This article traces the evolution of graduate study in Engineering in Ireland over three decades. Very few studies have shown the different norms and structures of graduate programmes in Ireland. In this paper, a review of traditional and structured PhD in terms of credit requirements and co-ordination structures is presented. The authors summarise the characteristics of graduate programmes in different universities in Ireland and compare these to those obtained in some of the leading international universities. The implementation of graduate programmes in Ireland is relatively recent and the structure of these programmes is still under development in the different universities. Plans for enhancement of graduate programs and the development of new initiatives to support graduate student academic and professional development are very important for the success of these programmes. The growth in enrolment reflects a broad diversity in background of students which will require not only increased financial resources but an adequate and sound organisational structure in order to move forward
From Models to Simulations
This book analyses the impact computerization has had on contemporary science and explains the origins, technical nature and epistemological consequences of the current decisive interplay between technology and science: an intertwining of formalism, computation, data acquisition, data and visualization and how these factors have led to the spread of simulation models since the 1950s.
Using historical, comparative and interpretative case studies from a range of disciplines, with a particular emphasis on the case of plant studies, the author shows how and why computers, data treatment devices and programming languages have occasioned a gradual but irresistible and massive shift from mathematical models to computer simulations
William (Bill) Peterson's contributions to ocean science, management, and policy
© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Schwing, F. B., Sissenwine, M. J., Batchelder, H., Dam, H. G., Gomez-Gutierrez, J., Keister, J. E., Liu, H., & Peterson, J. O. William (Bill) Peterson's contributions to ocean science, management, and policy. Progress in Oceanography, 182, (2020): 102241, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102241.In addition to being an esteemed marine ecologist and oceanographer, William T. (Bill) Peterson was a dedicated public servant, a leader in the ocean science community, and a mentor to a generation of scientists. Bill recognized the importance of applied science and the need for integrated âbig scienceâ programs to advance our understanding of ecosystems and to guide their management. As the first US GLOBEC program manager, he was pivotal in transitioning the concept of understanding how climate change impacts marine ecosystems to an operational national research program. The scientific insight and knowledge generated by US GLOBEC informed and advanced the ecosystem-based management approaches now being implemented for fishery management in the US. Bill held significant leadership roles in numerous international efforts to understand global and regional ecological processes, and organized and chaired a number of influential scientific conferences and their proceedings. He was passionate about working with and training young researchers. Billâs academic affiliations, notably at Stony Brook and Oregon State Universities, enabled him to advise, train, and mentor a host of students, post-doctoral researchers, and laboratory technicians. Under his collegial guidance they became critical independent thinkers and diligent investigators. His former students and colleagues carry on Bill Petersonâs legacy of research that helps us understand marine ecosystems and informs more effective resource stewardship and conservation
Using Automatic Static Analysis to Identify Technical Debt
The technical debt (TD) metaphor describes a tradeoff between short-term and long-term goals in software development. Developers, in such situations, accept compromises in one dimension (e.g. maintainability) to meet an urgent demand in another dimension (e.g. delivering a release on time). Since TD produces interests in terms of time spent to correct the code and accomplish quality goals, accumulation of TD in software systems is dangerous because it could lead to more difficult and expensive maintenance. The research presented in this paper is focused on the usage of automatic static analysis to identify Technical Debt at code level with respect to different quality dimensions. The methodological approach is that of Empirical Software Engineering and both past and current achieved results are presented, focusing on functionality, efficiency and maintainabilit
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Reaping the rewards of learning within agricultural knowledge systems: An account of a PhD learning system
Despite the existence and application of mandatory agri-environmental policy for many decades, significant environmental sustainability problems remain attributable to the agricultural sector. Participatory types of extension practices are believed to have a potential to enable extension organisations to enhance the supports provided to farmers to help meet the requirements and objectives of these policies. To test this proposition, the PhD researcher used a learning systems approach for exploring the interplay between farmer subjectivities, the European Unionâs policy of cross compliance and the extension practices of Teagasc, the Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority.
Three learning sub-systems were employed in the investigation. The first used the principles of Participatory Action Research for revealing stakeholdersâ perceptions of Teagascâs cross compliance extension service. This process resulted in the attainment of rich insights about extension practices, however it also revealed that a significant number of farmers were experiencing socio-cultural difficulties with the application and enforcement of cross compliance. To better understand the implications of these subjectivities, a second sub-system was created to learn about farmersâ experiences of the policy. This process surfaced diverse insights about farmersâ personal experiences of cross compliance. A final sub-system employed systems thinking and practice for appraising the utility of the learning arising from the previous sub-systems for improving interactions between farmers, extension organisations and cross compliance.
The combined findings of the thesis indicate that there is considerable potential for extension organisations to use participatory practices for developing rich understandings of farmersâ preferences for mandatory agri-environmental policy and its related extension practices. However, a limitation in realising participant preferences is that extension organisations appear to have little influence over the application and enforcement of mandatory agri-environmental policy. Overcoming this participatory barrier will require sustained collective learning targeted at understanding how stakeholders can work together to develop agri-environmental policies that are socially, financially and environmentally sustainable.
This paper explores how this âsustained collective learningâ may be realised taking a specific account of the learnings developed within and following the completion of the PhD Learning System. The insights elucidated will be of interest to scholars and extension practitioners involved in similar learning endeavours
Development of a Variable Roller Pump and Evaluation of its Power Saving Potential as a Charge Pump in Hydrostatic Drivetrains
PredloĆŸenĂĄ doktorandskĂĄ dizertaÄnĂĄ prĂĄca (Äalej len prĂĄca) sa zaoberĂĄ rozsiahlou analĂœzou valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora s premenlivĂœm geometrickĂœm objemom a predikciou vĂœkonovĂœch Ășspor dosiahnutĂœch aplikĂĄciou navrhnutĂ©ho valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora s premenlivĂœm geometrickĂœm objemom v hydrostatickom pohone vybranĂœch mobilnĂœch pracovnĂœch strojov. TeoretickĂœ rozbor princĂpov fungovania valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora a teĂłria jednorozmernĂ©ho simulaÄnĂ©ho modelu sĂș popĂsanĂ© v prvej Äasti prĂĄce. Na zĂĄklade odvodenej teĂłrie je vytvorenĂœ simulaÄnĂœ model, ktorĂœ je vhodnĂœ na predikciu priebehu tlaku v komorĂĄch valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora, sĂl pĂŽsobiacich na valÄek a na predikciu vnĂștornĂœch Ășnikov vzniknutĂœch skratovanĂm rozvodovej dosky, ktorĂ© majĂș priamy vplyv na objemovĂș ĂșÄinnosĆ„ valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora. SimulaÄnĂœ model bol ĂșspeĆĄne pouĆŸitĂœ pre optimalizĂĄciu rozvodovĂœch dosiek valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora a vhodnosĆ„ simulaÄnĂ©ho modelu potvrdili nĂĄslednĂ© merania PrĂĄca obsahuje aj analĂœzu sĂl pĂŽsobiacich na vodiaci prstenec, ktorej vĂœsledky boli taktieĆŸ potvrdenĂ© meranĂm. AnalĂœza tĂœchto sĂl mĂŽĆŸe vylepĆĄiĆ„ v koneÄnom dĂŽsledku parametre budĂșcich tlakovĂœch regulĂĄcii. PrĂĄca Äalej obsahuje zĂĄkladnĂ© porovnanie pouĆŸitĂœch tlakovĂœch regulĂĄcii. VĆĄetky uskutoÄnenĂ© merania potvrdili, ĆŸe valÄekovĂœ hydrogenerĂĄtor s premenlivĂœm geometrickĂœm objemom s testovanĂœmi tlakovĂœmi regulĂĄciami je schopnĂœ ĂșspeĆĄne pracovaĆ„ v hydrostatickej prevodovke. DruhĂĄ ÄasĆ„ prĂĄce analyzuje potenciĂĄl vĂœkonovĂœch Ășspor valÄekovĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora s premenlivĂœm geometrickĂœm objemom pre dve mobilnĂ© aplikĂĄcie - teleskopickĂœ nakladaÄ s hmotnosĆ„ou 9 ton a kombajn s hmotnosĆ„ou 20 ton. AnalĂœza vyĆŸaduje jednorozmernĂœ simulaÄnĂœ model hydrostatickĂ©ho pohonu s teplotnou predikciou hydrostatickej prevodovky. Dva rozdielne koncepty variabilnĂ©ho doplĆovacieho systĂ©mu hydrostatickej prevodovky sĂș porovnanĂ© so ĆĄtandardnĂœm doplĆovacĂm systĂ©mom pre pracovnĂœ a transportnĂœ reĆŸim oboch vybranĂœch typov vozidiel. SimulĂĄcia pohonu vozidla s valÄekovĂœm hydrogenerĂĄtorom s premenlivĂœm geometrickĂœm objemom vo funkcii doplĆovacieho hydrogenerĂĄtora a obtokovou clonou potvrdili vyĆĄĆĄie Ășspory iba v prĂpadoch, kedy rĂœchlosĆ„ doplĆovacieho hydrogenerĂĄtora bola vĂœrazne vyĆĄĆĄia a prietok cez obtokovĂș clonu do skrine hlavnĂ©ho hydrogenerĂĄtora zabezpeÄil dostatoÄnĂ© chladenie. NajvyĆĄĆĄie vĂœkonovĂ© Ășspory boli dosiahnutĂ© s premenlivĂœm preplachovacĂm systĂ©mom, ktorĂ©ho prietok sa menil podÄŸa poĆŸiadaviek hydrostatickej prevodovky. ZĂĄver druhej Äasti prĂĄce sa zaoberĂĄ metodikou dimenzovania veÄŸkosti doplĆovacieho hydrogenerĂĄtora.Presented doctoral thesis deals with an extensive hydraulic variable roller pump analysis and the power saving prediction of hydrostatic drivetrains in the mobile machines achieved with a variable roller charge pump implementation. At the first part of the work, the roller pump functionality was described and the theory of a 1-D simulation model was developed. Based on this developed simulation model is suitable for pressure profile prediction, roller force prediction and cross port leakage prediction which has a direct impact on the total volumetric efficiency. The simulation model was successfully used as a tool for optimization of the port plates, which was confirmed by measurements. The first part of the work includes the pump control force analysis validated by measurements and also the basic pressure compensator controls comparison. Developed control force prediction could help to improve the control performance. The measurements confirmed that the variable roller charge pump is able to successfully work in transmissions with measured types of the control. The second part of the work analyzed the power saving potential of a variable charge pump for two selected typical mobile applications: telehandler (9 ton) and combine harvester (20 ton). This part required a 1-D drivetrain simulation model together with thermal behaviour of the hydrostatic transmission. Two different modifications of the charging systems were compared with the conventional charging system in simulations performed for the working and transporting mode. The drivetrain simulation of the variable roller charge pump with a bypass orifice confirms higher power savings only in cases when the pump speed was significantly higher than normal speeds and a relatively constant flushing flow through the bypass orifice to the pump case still ensures suitable cooling. The highest power savings were achieved with variable flushing flows, where the demand for charging flow was adjusted according to the hydrostatic transmission cooling requirements. At the end of the second part, this thesis deals with a variable charge pump sizing.
Taking a break: doctoral summer schools as transformative pedagogies
This chapter focuses on the doctoral summer school as a challenging pedagogy for doctoral education, in which the traditional supervisory relationship and the disciplinary curriculum are deconstructed through intensive group processes. We draw on our experiences as pedagogues on the Roskilde University Graduate School in Lifelong Learning which has hosted an international summer school for the last ten years. We describe the new learning spaces created and explore the democratic group processes and the collaborative action learning in-volved when discipline and stage of study are set to the side in this multi-paradigmatic, multi-national context. Despite the wide range of participants in terms of length of study, focus and methodological approach, the respite from supervisory pedagogies and the careful critiques of multi-national peer âopponentsâ is often transformative in the doctoral studentsâ research sub-jectivities and continuing journeys
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