Lepidoptera of North America 10. Review of Plebejus icarioides and Glaucopsyche lygdamus in New Mexico with four new subspecies (Lycaenide, Lycaninae, Polyommantini)

June 15, 2011

Review of inflatable booms for deployable space structures: Packing and rigidization

Inflatable structures offer the potential of compactly stowing lightweight structures, which assume a fully deployed state in space. An important category of space inflatables are cylindrical booms, which may form the structural members of trusses or the support structure for solar sails. Two critical and interdependent aspects of designing inflatable cylindrical booms for space applications are i) packaging methods that enable compact stowage and ensure reliable deployment, and ii) rigidization techniques that provide long-term structural ridigity after deployment. The vast literature in these two fields is summarized to establish the state of the art.The work described in this paper forms part of the DeployTech project; the authors gratefully acknowledge the funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP7).This is the accepted, peer-reviewed manuscript of an article originally published in the Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. The final published version is available at http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/1.A32598

DEPLOYTECH: Deployment Technology Survey Web Publication Version

The information in this survey provides a sample of details on deployable structures that have been proposed, tested, and flown from the 1960s to today

Mapping Riparian Vegetation in the Lower Colorado River Using Low Resolution Satellite Imagery

In the Western United States, monitoring water usage is a complex task carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). It may be argued that USBR\u27s greatest challenge is equitably distributing the waters of the Colorado River, particularly the Lower Colorado River, where water rights have been established and contested several times. To help meet the demands of water management in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USBR estimates the amount of water lost from the basin each year via evapo-transpiration by riparian vegetation in the Lower Colorado River riparian zone. Key components of those estimates include maps of the vegetation itself, which provide a measure of the acreage covered by each dominant species. Previous mapping efforts have relied extensively on costly in-situ field measurements using the Anderson-Ohmart Classification scheme (which was developed for habitat evaluation, not species identification) and data-dense high resolution aerial photographs. This study employs low resolution Landsat imagery and simple classification and clustering algorithms to identify heterogeneous species assemblages in the Lower Colorado River as possible alternatives to Anderson-Ohmart and/or high resolution aerial photographs. Our results show that the method developed here is able to identify heterogeneous riparian species assemblages, but certain vegetative species can be mapped with greater accuracy than others. Pending an error assessment to be carried out in a future field season, we believe our method to be an inexpensive, relatively simple update to USBR\u27s existing mapping procedure

Mapping Riparian Vegetation in the Lower Colorado River Using Low Resolution Satellite Imagery

In the Western United States, monitoring water usage is a complex task carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). It may be argued that USBR\u27s greatest challenge is equitably distributing the waters of the Colorado River, particularly the Lower Colorado River, where water rights have been established and contested several times. To help meet the demands of water management in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USBR estimates the amount of water lost from the basin each year via evapo-transpiration by riparian vegetation in the Lower Colorado River riparian zone. Key components of those estimates include maps of the vegetation itself, which provide a measure of the acreage covered by each dominant species. Previous mapping efforts have relied extensively on costly in-situ field measurements using the Anderson-Ohmart Classification scheme (which was developed for habitat evaluation, not species identification) and data-dense high resolution aerial photographs. This study employs low resolution Landsat imagery and simple classification and clustering algorithms to identify heterogeneous species assemblages in the Lower Colorado River as possible alternatives to Anderson-Ohmart and/or high resolution aerial photographs. Our results show that the method developed here is able to identify heterogeneous riparian species assemblages, but certain vegetative species can be mapped with greater accuracy than others. Pending an error assessment to be carried out in a future field season, we believe our method to be an inexpensive, relatively simple update to USBR\u27s existing mapping procedure

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the institution for the year 1869

Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution. [1460] For 1869; research related to the American Indian photographic portraits of Indians

Adaptive-Hybrid Redundancy for Radiation Hardening

An Adaptive-Hybrid Redundancy (AHR) mitigation strategy is proposed to mitigate the effects of Single Event Upset (SEU) and Single Event Transient (SET) radiation effects. AHR is adaptive because it switches between Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and Temporal Software Redundancy (TSR). AHR is hybrid because it uses hardware and software redundancy. AHR is demonstrated to run faster than TSR and use less energy than TMR. Furthermore, AHR allows space vehicle designers, mission planners, and operators the flexibility to determine how much time is spent in TMR and TSR. TMR mode provides faster processing at the expense of greater energy usage. TSR mode uses less energy at the expense of processing speed. AHR allows the user to determine the optimal balance between these modes based on their mission needs and changes can be made even after the space vehicle is operational. Radiation testing was performed to determine the SEU injection rate for simulations and analyses. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was used to expedite testing in hardware

Connecting the Dots: Understanding Migration in the Context of Other Periods of the Annual Cycle

Migration is a fundamental characteristic of the life history of many organisms. Large-scale seasonal movements expose migratory species to an array of differing environmental conditions such that the ecology, behavior, and life history strategies of migratory species must balance selection pressures associated with each phase of the annual cycle. Therefore, scientists increasingly realize that to understand the ecology of a migratory species in any one phase of the annual cycle requires an understanding of how other phases may interact with and influence the period of interest. That said, following individuals throughout the year poses a serious challenge. The focus of my dissertation research was to examine factors important to migration in the context of other periods of the annual cycle. From a broad-scale perspective, I examined how global climatic cycles such as El Niño Southern Oscillation in geographically different regions of the world carry-over to impact the migratory success of numerous intercontinental migratory bird species. I directly associated climatic variability experienced at over-winter areas with factors important to the success of migration, namely timing and condition, providing strong evidence that not only are migratory birds during spring migration influenced by events occurring during the previous phase of their annual cycle, but where they over-winter determines how vulnerable they are to global climatic cycles. From an individual-scale perspective, I examined (1) how conditions prior to the onset of migration carry-over to affect migration the success of black-and-white warblers (Mniotilta varia), and (2) how a warbler’s migration stopover strategy interacts with other periods of the annual cycle. I found that the quality of a bird’s over-winter habitat strongly influenced the timing of migration with cascading impacts on a warbler’s migration strategy during stopover. However, the distance remaining to a bird’s final breeding area destination also played a strong role in the strategy a bird utilized at a stopover site. Last, I integrated information from stable isotopes and genetic markers to geographically link individual Wilson’s warblers (Cardellina pusilla) captured at a stopover site in the southwestern U.S. during spring migration with their ultimate breeding destination in North America. These studies demonstrate that we can begin to disentangle the complexity of migration when we examine factors known to be important to the success of migration in the context of other periods of the annual cycle. This is a critical step towards understanding population dynamics of migratory species, given that migration is the phase of the annual cycle most often thought to be limiting migratory birds

Identity and Material Practice in the Chacoan World: Ornamentation and Utility Ware Pottery

The papers that comprise this dissertation all explore the intersection of material culture and social identity. The central theme of these studies is that social identity is actively created and maintained through the production, consumption, and discard of material objects. In the first paper, I examine the distribution of ornament styles and practices of adornment across the prehispanic Southwest in relation to traditionally defined regional and culture-historical boundaries. Jewelry items of similar forms are widely distributed across cultures/groups; however, specific practices in the use and deposition of ornaments are not random within particular sociohistorical contexts. In the second paper, I explore the relationship between identity and demographic reorganization through an examination of the extent to which Chacoan identity and practice, as demonstrated by the social values attributed to ornaments at Pueblo Bonito during the Chaco florescence, were maintained or transformed by the post-Chaco period inhabitants of Aztecs West Ruin. I argue that at Pueblo Bonito, ornaments were necessary in renewing the existing ritual-ceremonial order through the assembling of essential components of the natural and cultural worlds. It is proposed that these social values attributed to ornaments were directly cited at Aztec Ruin after the decline of Chaco Canyon as a central place in the San Juan Basin. The third study, published in The Pueblo Bonito Mounds of Chaco Canyon: Material Culture and Fauna, edited by Patricia L. Crown, focuses on practices of production, use, and discard of utilitarian gray ware ceramics from Pueblo Bonito. The attributes of the culinary ware pottery assemblage from the large middens at the site are consistent with household-level cooking activities. However, there is also evidence for suprahousehold feasting using large imported Chuska cooking vessels, which may have held special meaning through their associations with an important place on the landscape. This dissertation demonstrates that the materiality of social existence extends to all types of practice; people continually define their identities through activities and performances involving both commonplace and rare objects /materials.\u2