1,305 research outputs found
Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web
Although large-scale public hypermedia structures such as the World Wide Web are popularly referred to as "cyberspace", the extent to which they constitute a space in the everyday sense of the word is questionable. This paper reviews recent work in the area of three dimensional (3D) visualization of the Web that has attempted to depict it in the form of a recognizable space; in other words, as a navigable landscape that may be visibly populated by its users. Our review begins by introducing a range of visualizations that address different aspects of using the Web. These include visualizations of Web structure, especially of links, that act as 3D maps; browsing history; searches; evolution of the Web; and the presence and activities of multiple users. We then summarize the different techniques that are employed by these visualizations. We conclude with a discussion of key challenges for the future
Thinking interactively with visualization
Interaction is becoming an integral part of using visualization for analysis. When interaction is tightly and appropriately coupled with visualization, it can transform the visualization from display- ing static imagery to assisting comprehensive analysis of data at all scales. In this relationship, a deeper understanding of the role of interaction, its effects, and how visualization relates to interaction is necessary for designing systems in which the two components complement each other.
This thesis approaches interaction in visualization from three different perspectives. First, it considers the cost of maintaining interaction in manipulating visualization of large datasets. Namely, large datasets often require a simplification process for the visualization to maintain interactivity, and this thesis examines how simplification affects the resulting visualization. Secondly, example interactive visual analytical systems are presented to demonstrate how interactivity could be applied in visualization. Specifically, four fully developed systems for four distinct problem domains are discussed to determine the common role of interactivity in these visualizations that make the systems successful. Lastly, this thesis presents evidence that interactions are important for analytical tasks using visualizations. Interaction logs of financial analysts using a visualization were collected, coded, and examined to determine the amount of analysis strategies contained within the interaction logs. The finding supports the benefits of high interactivity in analytical tasks when using a visualization.
The example visualizations used to support these three perspectives are diverse in their goals and features. However, they all share similar design guidelines and visualization principles. Based on their characteristics, this thesis groups these visualizations into urban visualization, visual analytical systems, and interaction capturing and discusses them separately in terms of lessons learned and future directions
The visual preferences for forest regeneration and field afforestation : four case studies in Finland
The overall aim of this dissertation was to study the public's preferences for forest regeneration fellings and field afforestations, as well as to find out the relations of these preferences to landscape management instructions, to ecological healthiness, and to the contemporary theories for predicting landscape preferences. This dissertation includes four case studies in Finland, each based on the visualization of management options and surveys.
Guidelines for improving the visual quality of forest regeneration and field afforestation are given based on the case studies. The results show that forest regeneration can be connected to positive images and memories when the regeneration area is small and some time has passed since the felling. Preferences may not depend only on the management alternative itself but also on the viewing distance, viewing point, and the scene in which the management options are implemented.
The current Finnish forest landscape management guidelines as well as the ecological healthiness of the studied options are to a large extent compatible with the public's preferences. However, there are some discrepancies. For example, the landscape management instructions as well as ecological hypotheses suggest that the retention trees need to be left in groups, whereas people usually prefer individually located retention trees to those trees in groups. Information and psycho-evolutionary theories provide some possible explanations for people's preferences for forest regeneration and field afforestation, but the results cannot be consistently explained by these theories.
The preferences of the different stakeholder groups were very similar. However, the preference ratings of the groups that make their living from forest - forest owners and forest professionals - slightly differed from those of the others. These results provide support for the assumptions that preferences are largely consistent at least within one nation, but that knowledge and a reference group may also influence preferences.VÀitöskirjassa tutkittiin ihmisten maisemapreferenssejÀ (maisemallisia arvostuksia) metsÀnuudistamishakkuiden ja pellonmetsitysten suhteen sekÀ analysoitiin nÀiden preferenssien yhteyksiÀ maisemanhoito-ohjeisiin, vaihtoehtojen ekologiseen terveyteen ja preferenssejÀ ennustaviin teorioihin. VÀitöskirja sisÀltÀÀ neljÀ tapaustutkimusta, jotka perustuvat hoitovaihtoehtojen visualisointiin ja kyselytutkimuksiin.
Tapaustutkimusten pohjalta annetaan ohjeita siitÀ, kuinka uudistushakkuiden ja pellonmetsitysten visuaalista laatua voidaan parantaa. VÀitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, ettÀ uudistamishakkuut voivat herÀttÀÀ myös myönteisiÀ mielikuvia ja muistoja, jos uudistusala on pieni ja hakkuun vÀlittömÀt jÀljet ovat jo peittyneet. Preferensseihin vaikuttaa hoitovaihtoehdon lisÀksi mm. katseluetÀisyys, katselupiste ja ympÀristö, jossa vaihtoehto on toteutettu.
Eri viiteryhmien (metsÀammattilaiset, pÀÀkaupunkiseudun asukkaat, ympÀristönsuojelijat, tutkimusalueiden matkailijat, paikalliset asukkaat sekÀ metsÀnomistajat) maisemapreferenssit olivat hyvin samankaltaisia. Kuitenkin ne ryhmÀt, jotka saavat ainakin osan elannostaan metsÀstÀ - metsÀnomistajat ja metsÀammattilaiset - pitivÀt metsÀnhakkuita esittÀvistÀ kuvista hieman enemmÀn kuin muut ryhmÀt. NÀmÀ tulokset tukevat oletusta, ettÀ maisemapreferenssit ovat laajalti yhtenevÀisiÀ ainakin yhden kansan tai kulttuurin keskuudessa, vaikka myös viiteryhmÀ saattaa vaikuttaa preferensseihin jonkin verran.
Nykyiset metsÀmaisemanhoito-ohjeet ovat pitkÀlti samankaltaisia tÀssÀ vÀitöskirjassa havaittujen maisemapreferenssien kanssa. MyöskÀÀn tutkittujen vaihtoehtoisten hoitotapojen ekologisen paremmuuden ja niihin kohdistuvien maisemallisten arvostusten vÀlillÀ ei ollut suurta ristiriitaa. Kuitenkin joitakin eroavaisuuksia oli; esimerkiksi sekÀ maisemanhoito-ohjeiden ettÀ ekologisten hypoteesien mukaan sÀÀstöpuut tulisi jÀttÀÀ ryhmiin, kun taas ihmiset pitivÀt eniten yksittÀin jÀtetyistÀ puista. Informaatiomalli ja psyko-evolutionaarinen teoria tarjoavat mahdollisia selityksiÀ uudistushakkuisiin ja pellonmetsitykseen kohdistuville preferensseille, vaikkakaan tutkimuksen tuloksia ei voida tÀysin selittÀÀ nÀillÀ teorioilla
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GIS Spatial Analysis for the Design of Urban Open Space
Urban design in the landscape tradition has a unique set of users and uses due
to the nature of urban sites in densely developed areas, yet many urban designers
employ the same basic approach in terms of their design process and site analysis
methods as they would in suburban or rural areas. In addition, urban design theory is
not adequately reflected in the analytical methods traditionally used by landscape
architects, nor do traditional methods adequately synthesize the multitude of complex
information urban designers must consider throughout all phases of the urban design
process. However, GIS offers unique tools for data management, visualization and
most importantly spatial analysis, allowing the urban designer new methods for the
design of urban open space.
The author examines the traditional site design process and site analysis
methods, the most common GIS spatial analysis techniques, and the theoretical
framework of urban design in the landscape architectural tradition in an effort to
determine the applicability of GIS functionality as a resource to the traditional design
process, determine the applicability of GIS spatial analysis tools to aid and enhance
the traditional site analysis methods, and determine the applicability of GIS spatial
analysis tools as a means to analyze the key dimensions of urban design as set forth by
urban design theory. GIS spatial analysis tools are demonstrated following the
traditional design process in an application study at Republic Square, an urban park in
Austin, Texas.Waller Creek Working Grou
Evaluation Of Information Visualization For Decision Making Support In An Emergency Department Information System.
The purpose of this dissertation is to propose an evaluation framework to assess various IV techniques in EDIS and provide recommendations for developers
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