Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments

The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: • Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments• Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks• Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication• Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs• Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks• Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures• Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques• Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications• Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems• Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin

On Transmission System Design for Wireless Broadcasting

This thesis considers aspects related to the design and standardisation of transmission systems for wireless broadcasting, comprising terrestrial and mobile reception. The purpose is to identify which factors influence the technical decisions and what issues could be better considered in the design process in order to assess different use cases, service scenarios and end-user quality. Further, the necessity of cross-layer optimisation for efficient data transmission is emphasised and means to take this into consideration are suggested. The work is mainly related terrestrial and mobile digital video broadcasting systems but many of the findings can be generalised also to other transmission systems and design processes. The work has led to three main conclusions. First, it is discovered that there are no sufficiently accurate error criteria for measuring the subjective perceived audiovisual quality that could be utilised in transmission system design. Means for designing new error criteria for mobile TV (television) services are suggested and similar work related to other services is recommended. Second, it is suggested that in addition to commercial requirements there should be technical requirements setting the frame work for the design process of a new transmission system. The technical requirements should include the assessed reception conditions, technical quality of service and service functionalities. Reception conditions comprise radio channel models, receiver types and antenna types. Technical quality of service consists of bandwidth, timeliness and reliability. Of these, the thesis focuses on radio channel models and errorcriteria (reliability) as two of the most important design challenges and provides means to optimise transmission parameters based on these. Third, the thesis argues that the most favourable development for wireless broadcasting would be a single system suitable for all scenarios of wireless broadcasting. It is claimed that there are no major technical obstacles to achieve this and that the recently published second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system provides a good basis. The challenges and opportunities of a universal wireless broadcasting system are discussed mainly from technical but briefly also from commercial and regulatory aspectSiirretty Doriast

Investigation of an intelligent personalised service recommendation system in an IMS based cellular mobile network

Success or failure of future information and communication services in general and mobile communications in particular is greatly dependent on the level of personalisations they can offer. While the provision of anytime, anywhere, anyhow services has been the focus of wireless telecommunications in recent years, personalisation however has gained more and more attention as the unique selling point of mobile devices. Smart phones should be intelligent enough to match user’s unique needs and preferences to provide a truly personalised service tailored for the individual user. In the first part of this thesis, the importance and role of personalisation in future mobile networks is studied. This is followed, by an agent based futuristic user scenario that addresses the provision of rich data services independent of location. Scenario analysis identifies the requirements and challenges to be solved for the realisation of a personalised service. An architecture based on IP Multimedia Subsystem is proposed for mobility and to provide service continuity whilst roaming between two different access standards. Another aspect of personalisation, which is user preference modelling, is investigated in the context of service selection in a multi 3rd party service provider environment. A model is proposed for the automatic acquisition of user preferences to assist in service selection decision-making. User preferences are modelled based on a two-level Bayesian Metanetwork. Personal agents incorporating the proposed model provide answers to preference related queries such as cost, QoS and service provider reputation. This allows users to have their preferences considered automatically

Design of Mobile Radio Channel Simulators Using the Iterative Nonlinear Least Square Approximation Method with Applications in Vehicle-to-X Communications

Doktorgradsavhandling i informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi, Universitetet i Agder, 2015Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication systems are expected to provide tremendous benefits associated with the safety and traffic efficiency on roads. The successful deployment of emerging technologies like V2X requires channel models accurately representing fading statistics in environments where those technologies are used. The accuracy is, of course, a major concern when adapting or developing a suitable channel model for test and evaluation purposes. However, it is also important to take into account the simplicity of a channel model, which is crucial for efficient numerical computations and computer simulations. Reconciling simplicity and accuracy is a rather complex task to accomplish, which requires sophisticated parameter computation methods. To the best of our knowledge, only a limited number of investigations address the channel modelling and parametrization problems for vehicular propagation scenarios in the literature. In order to fill this gap, we concentrate on the development of new sophisticated channel modelling approaches and efficient parameter computation methods for the design of V2X communication systems in this dissertation. In general, there are two main applications of channel models: (1) for the design and test of wireless communication systems and (2) for the optimization of existing communication systems. For the design and test purposes, more general statistical models such as Rice and Rayleigh channel models are preferred. Those channel models provide a fundamental insight into propagation phenomena and at the same time they greatly simplify the theoretical and numerical computations to assess the performance of wireless communication systems. For the optimization purposes, however, measurement-based channel models are commonly used. The main advantage of such channel models is that they always accurately reflect the physical reality. In this dissertation, we will focus on the channel models designed for both of those application purposes. A significant part of this dissertation will be devoted to the thorough analysis and design of Rayleigh and Rice fading channel models. We investigate the correlation properties of those channels assuming asymmetrical shapes of Doppler power spectral densities (PSDs). In fact, this is what we often observe in real-world propagation scenarios. In this regard, we will present an analytical expression for the autocorrelation function (ACF) of Rice processes that captures such realistic scenarios. Another important contribution to this topic is the novel iterative nonlinear least square approximation method for the design of Rice and Rayleigh channel simulators based on sum-of-sinusoids (SOS), as well as sum-of-cisoids (SOC) approaches. The idea behind the proposed method is very simple. The parameters of the simulation model are extracted from the reference model, such as the stochastic Rice and Rayleigh channel models, by fitting the statistical properties of interest, e.g. the ACF and the probability density function (PDF). We show that the proposed method outperforms several other methods in designing channel simulators with desired distribution and correlation properties. We also show that the proposed method provides a subtle balance between channel model’s simplicity and accuracy in designing Rayleigh and Rice channel simulators. The parametrization is a process of determining the key parameters specifying the channel model. This process has a great influence on the reliability of the developed channel model. It is therefore highly desirable if those parameters are extracted from measurements. In fact, this idea constitutes the fundamental concept behind measurement-based channel modelling approach. The measurement-based models are important in the sense that they can be used for the optimizations of the wireless communication system. Hence, the problem of computing the channel model parameters from the measurements is of special interest. In this regard, we propose iterative nonlinear least square approximation method for the design of measurementbased channel simulators. Through detailed investigations and comparative studies, we demonstrate that the proposed method is highly flexible and outperforms several other conventional methods in terms of reproducing the correlation characteristics obtained from several measurements. In addition, we introduce a new approach for the design of channel models for V2X communications in tunnel environments, where the number of scatterers contributing to the total received power is relatively small