The Strategy of Innovative Development of Economy of Ukraine till 2030

The Strategy of the development of the innovative activity sphere for the period up to 2030 approved by the Government of Ukraine has been analyzed in the article. It was determined that the innovative activity sphere has several disadvantages. The following issues have not been considered: application of tax privileges for the activation of innovative activity of domestic enterprises; implementation of the list of specific innovative projects, which are fully or partially financed from the state budget; direct connection of the state with business and society; mechanism of interaction between universities and domestic enterprises; people responsible for the implementation of the Country Innovation Strategy at the state and local levels have not been assigned; the priority of public procurement of high-tech products from domestic manufacturers has not been established; mechanisms of annual monitoring and control of the stages of strategy implementation have not been defined.The ways of overcoming these issues have been provided in the article. An algorithm of the implementation of the Innovative Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2030 has been developed and suggested, which will make the state policy in the sphere of innovation activity more systematic and advanced. The suggested algorithm of strategy implementation consists of five main stages: preparatory, computational, organizational, practical implementation and result from analysis. At each of these stages, the functions and responsibilities of each participant in the innovation process are defined: the state, research institutions, local governments, and business structures. The deadlines for the implementation of necessary transformations and practical mechanisms for their realization have been determined. The role of state bodies as the main organizational element of the Strategy development is highlighted.The algorithm of the realization of the Strategy of Innovative Development of the Ukrainian Economy suggested by the author will ensure the consistent and gradual implementation of the structural elements of the national innovation system, its effective transformation, and further development, since each step of the Strategy is a logical stage of implementing a comprehensive program to ensure the development of innovative relations in the state’s economy

Civil Society, Public Action and Accountability in Africa

This paper examines the potential role of civil society action in increasing state accountability for development in Sub-Saharan Africa. It further develops the analytical framework of the World Development Report 2004 on accountability relationships, to emphasize the underlying political economy drivers of accountability and implications for how civil society is constituted and functions. It argues on this basis that the most important domain for improving accountability is through the political relations between citizens, civil society, and state leadership. The evidence broadly suggests that when higher-level political leadership provides sufficient or appropriate powers for citizen participation in holding within-state agencies or frontline providers accountable, there is frequently positive impact on outcomes. However, the big question remaining for such types of interventions is how to improve the incentives of higher-level leadership to pursue appropriate policy design and implementation. The paper argues that there is substantial scope for greater efforts in this domain, including through the support of external aid agencies. Such efforts and support should, however, build on existing political and civil society structures (rather than transplanting "best practice" initiatives from elsewhere), and be structured for careful monitoring and assessment of impact.

Civil society, public action and accountability in Africa

This paper examines the potential role of civil society action in increasing state accountability for development in Sub-Saharan Africa. It further develops the analytical framework of the World Development Report 2004 on accountability relationships, to emphasize the underlying political economy drivers of accountability and implications for how civil society is constituted and functions. It argues on this basis that the most important domain for improving accountability is through the political relations between citizens, civil society, and state leadership. The evidence broadly suggests that when higher-level political leadership provides sufficient or appropriate powers for citizen participation in holding within-state agencies or frontline providers accountable, there is frequently positive impact on outcomes. However, the big question remaining for such types of interventions is how to improve the incentives of higher-level leadership to pursue appropriate policy design and implementation. The paper argues that there is substantial scope for greater efforts in this domain, including through the support of external aid agencies. Such efforts and support should, however, build on existing political and civil society structures (rather than transplanting"best practice"” initiatives from elsewhere), and be structured for careful monitoring and assessment of impact.Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,Parliamentary Government,Social Accountability,Civil Society,ICT Policy and Strategies

Unraveling China\u27s Capital Market Growth: A Political Economy Account

With modern, successful firms that operate globally and a capital market that is the second largest in the world, corporate governance in China has long passed the point of an “adjust or perish” prognostic. Yet its firm governance and capital market functions maintain strong idiosyncrasies that go against many fundamentals in economics and legal thought. These idiosyncrasies are products of the underlying configurations of China’s political economy and the shifts within it. Political economy in China has a determinant role on the ways corporate ownership is organized, firms operate, and the capital market functions. It is responsible for many of the infirmities in the Chinese market, yet at the same time also holds the key to China’s puzzling growth. Inspecting China’s development conundrum through a political-economic lens reveals that there is a parallel governance system at work in China that is distinct from the legal or administrative governance system advanced by the state. This parallel system is actively present at every level of society, the administrative state, and the economy. Likewise, it has governance oversight, participation, and accountability functions at the individual enterprise and business group levels, by which it impacts upon the behavior of firms and their insiders. Political institutions supplant many of the oversight functions traditionally provided by firm internal-governance bodies. Political institutions also supply external monitoring and accountability, buttressing legal enforcement and the monitoring functions of weak markets. In doing so, this politicized corporate governance system credibly signals the regime’s commitment to growth and provides assurances against various forms of investor abuse. These assurances, despite their political nature, seem to reduce the cost of capital and attract external finance, thereby supporting the growth of firms. China’s political economy, therefore, supports firms and capital market growth in ways that go beyond developmental industrial policies and the attributes associated with state-controlled economies (such as state capture by cronies, fostering connections with entrepreneurs, largesse, and protectionism). It produces a novel form of governance that mobilizes political and economic incumbents to advance reforms and to curb their own abusive behavior. This resolution for China’s law and capital market development conundrum brings forth new possibilities on the menu of what is now an obsolete convergence/path-dependency discourse. The politicization of corporate governance not only counters convergence predictions in showing how systems can “diverge back”, in form, but also challenges path-dependence theories in showing how systems evolve, in function, even within fixed institutional confines. China’s capital market development compels us to view development as an iterative mode of constant change

New Configuration of the Brazilian State: Liberty and Development in the Evolution of Government in Brazil

The recent events in the global economy have revitalized the debate about the size and functions of the State. The neoliberal discourse was put in check, reopening the discussions concerning Market Liberty and the importance of the State. Since the proclamation of the Republic, the Brazilian government has undergone numerous reforms, sometimes assuming a liberal, external market dependent orientation, while at other times assuming an authoritarian, developmental state-driven orientation. The aim of this article is to develop insights into the evolution of the governmental organization and reflect on the assumptions that lie behind the various reforms that have taken place since the beginning of the Republic. The theoretical framework is divided into three parts: Development and Liberty based on the perspectives of Friedrich Hayek and Amartya Sen; the role of the State and its impact on the economy and; the formats assumed by the Brazilian State throughout the history of the Republic. The latter part of the work returns to the theoretical framework, summarizing all that has been discussed in order to fulfil the aims of the study

The status and future of emergency care in the Republic of Kenya

Kenya is a rapidly developing country with a growing economy and evolving health care system. In the decade since the last publication on the state of emergency care in Kenya, significant developments have occurred in the country\u27s approach to emergency care. Importantly, the country decentralized most health care functions to county governments in 2013. Despite the triple burden of traumatic, communicable, and non-communicable diseases, the structure of the health care system in the Republic of Kenya is evolving to adapt to the important role for the care of emergent medical conditions. This report provides a ten-year interval update on the current state of the development of emergency medical care and training in Kenya, and looks ahead towards areas for growth and development. Of particular focus is the role emergency care plays in Universal Health Coverage, and adapting to challenges from the devolution of health care

Конституція України та принципи соціальної держави

Статтю присвячено дослідженню проблем визначення змісту і сутності соціальної держави, притаманних їй принципів і виконуваних функцій. Узагальнено зарубіжний досвід функціонування соціальної державності.Статья посвящена исследованию проблем определения содержания и сущности социального государства, свойственных ему принципов и выполняемых ним функций. Обобщен зарубежный опыт функционирования социальной государственности.The article deals with the investigation of problems arising in the determining a social state’s substance and nature, its inherent principles and the functions performed. It is pointed out, that successful activities of the state in the social field are one of the conditions for the efficient realisation of economical, political and other state functions. Social activities of the state are its activities aiming to provide adequate living standards for each individual and create equal and just opportunities for its personal development. The substance of state’s functions under the social and economic reforms is determined by the new objectives of the modern state in the social sphere, the latter stipulated by the declaration of the social state concept. The principles of the main trends and forms of the regulating impact of the Constitution of Ukraine as a regulatory and legal document of the highest legal effect in the formation, development and reformation of the public relations in the social and economic sphere were examined; their role and substance were analysed. It is being proved that formation and activities of all the institutes of a democratic, legal and social state are directly dependant on the substance of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, the efficiency of their realisation. The experience of a social statehood functioning in the newly industrialised nations, where the transition to the market economy and its rapid development were supported by a very active participation of the state, is summarised. It is held that the fundamental transformations in the economic and legal sphere of the contemporary post-socialist nations with all the definiteness address the questions of the necessity of the fundamental revision of the role and place of the state authorities of different levels in the life sustenance system of the society

STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AND ECONOMIC CONSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF JUDICIAL REVIEW OF LAW NO.19 OF 2003

The purpose of this study seeks to uncover the meaning of Law No. 19 of 2003 and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and identify the essence of the roles and functions of SOEs in implementing the economic constitution. The study of SOEs in the realm of constitutional economics is seen as very important as a reflection of the rapid change in national and global economic development. The findings of the study lead to the philosophical understanding of economic constitution for the Republic of Indonesia by the role of state companies in national economic development. The theoretical description of the results of this study contributes to the knowledge of political economy and political democracy. The benefits practically have implications for the practice of public management about the governance of state enterprises, as well as corporate management for SOEs or other state-owned companies

Інституційне забезпечення самостійного розвитку регіону при децентралізації управління

Обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення чинної нормативно-правової бази щодо формування нової державної регіональної політики в умовах децентралізації управління. Надано пропозиції, які враховують нові напрями державної політики щодо децентралізації управління економіки, зокрема з метою забезпечення більшої самостійності регіонів.Обоснована необходимость усовершенствования действующей нормативно-правовой базы по формированию новой государственной региональной политики в условиях децентрализации управления. Даны предложения, учитывающие новые направления государственной политики по децентрализации управления экономикой, в том числе с целью обеспечения большей самостоятельности регионов.The necessity to improve current legal bases in forming new state regional policy in terms of decentralization policy is grounded. Proposals implying new directions of state policy in terms of economy management decentralization aiming to provide regions with more independence are given. In Ukraine independence of regional management objects, set by legislative acts is not fully used. Experience of local authorities’ activity confirms the tendency of increasing functions, that are performed by means of delegating significant amount of responsibilities and management functions to lower levels. Currently Constitutional reform is being formed. In accordance with the reform the problems and responsibilities that are to be solved on regional level concern themselves with socio-economic policy in regional planning, forecast, technical management development, social sphere management, credit-financial and external economic activity with gradual giving the state coordination role, inter-correspondence of the interests of all the members of regional management process. State regulation of regional development is to provide regulating functions: economic growth stimulation, rational usage of human resources potential, provision of progress in branch and territorial systems, support of products and services export, the main aim of regional development state regulation is to provide economic and social stability, local production protection in international market, property relations regulation, independent development of every region

Investigation of Conditions and Benefits for Ukraine in the Transition of Its Household in the Rank of the Internal Investor of the State

In the article the place, role and functions of families (households) as economic subjects of the market system are clarified. The interrelation, interdependence of categories of "savings", "investments" and "consumption" is defined. The importance and location of the internal investor in the investment process at the macroeconomic level is proved. The algorithm for determining the level of aggregate income of a family necessary for transition to the rank of an internal investor of the state is presented. Parallels are drawn between the author\u27s theoretical and methodical approach proposed in the article and between the theories (laws, models) of a number of well-known economists, such as E. Engel, M. Tugan-Baranovsky, J. Keynes, P. Samuelson and others. The features of practical definition of the minimum level of the aggregate income of a family and a household for savings and investments for Ukrainian realities are revealed. The current and desired operating conditions and the results of financial and economic development of each of the interested parties are considered. In particular, for the population it is shown how, based on its real income, to identify and plan expenditures in order to move to investments. In addition, it is investigated: first, what exactly is the real minimum level of income per month will allow one person or a family (of two, three, four people) to survive in the economic conditions that defined public authorities and formed the market; secondly, what exactly need s a person or a household to be able to meet at an appropriate level of income; thirdly, what level of income will allow the population to save and convert these savings into investments (with their subsequent distribution for the development of domestic business and entrepreneurship). At the same time, it is shown how the state (on Ukrainian data) can influence the growth of domestic investment in order to reduce the deficit of financial resources for the development of business and the economy of the country