A Study on Feature Analysis for English Writings Using Data Mining

13301甲第4432号博士(学術)金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstrac

A Study on Feature Analysis for English Writings Using Data Mining

13301甲第4432号博士(学術)金沢大学博士論文本文Ful

Colonial settlement and migratory labour in Karafuto 1905-1941

Following the Russo-Japanese War Japan acquired its second formal colony, Karafuto (southern Sakhalin), which became thoroughly integrated with mainland Japan, developing into an important supplier of marine products, lumber, paper and pulp, and coal. This sparsely populated colony offered the prospect of large scale settlement and over the course of the Japanese colonial period the population of the Karafuto increased to over 400,000 before the Pacific War. This thesis traces the course of migration to Karafuto and assesses the role of settlement policy, and migratory labour in colonial settlement. Utilizing colonial media, government reports and local documents, as well as the recollections of former settlers, this study argues that the phenomenon of migratory labour acted as an indirect means for establishing a permanent settler community in Karafuto. This study stresses that the colonial government of Karafuto’s efforts towards the establishment of permanent settlements based on agriculture largely failed. Instead, it was industries that involved the utilization of migratory labour which acted as base-industries for economic life in the colony, and helped support Karafuto’s more enduring communities. Indeed, even in the few cases of successfully established government sponsored agricultural communities in Karafuto, seasonal migratory labour and nonagricultural activity were a persistently crucial component of the community’s economic life. A further implication of this study relates to the comprehensive integration of Karafuto with migratory labour markets in northern mainland Japan and Hokkaido. Evidence presented in this study allows us to question the prevalent notions that northern Japan was an isolated, or poorly connected, region. Instead, it is found that the prefectures of Japan’s northeast were actively engaged in northward bound settlement and migratory labour circuits

Guias de turismo: perspetivas sobre Portugal entre os séculos XIX e XX

Os guias de viagem da era moderna têm origem no século XIX pela mão de Baedeker e Murray, fornecendo assim apoio a uma indústria florescente – a indústria do turismo. A presente investigação procurou, com base nos guias de Portugal de autoria/edição nacional ou estrageira dos séculos XIX e XX, conhecer quatro fatores fundamentais na imagem do país como destino: o desenvolvimento civilizacional, a relação com o divino, os portugueses e a paisagem. Através de uma análise de conteúdo às componentes textual e visual dos guias, procurou-se compor a imagem do destino Portugal de acordo com autores portugueses e estrangeiros, confrontando assim as diferentes perspetivas sobre o destino e a evolução ao longo do período em análise. O recurso a dois tipos de fontes, imagens e texto, permitiu também confrontar o discurso visual e textual das referidas obras. A investigação revela uma grande evolução de Portugal como destino. Se no século XIX Portugal era um país distante, subdesenvolvido e desconhecido, no século XX irá, de forma progressiva, apresentar sinais de convergência com os países mais desenvolvidos. Esta convergência irá refletir-se no discurso cada vez mais positivo, suplantando-se assim, ao discurso tendencialmente negativo vindo do século XIX.Modern era travel guides originated in the 19th century by Baedeker and Murray, thus providing support to a flourishing industry - the tourism industry. The present research sought, based on the guides of Portugal of national or foreign authorship/edition of the 19th and 20th centuries, to know four fundamental factors in the image of the country as a destination: civilizational development, the relationship with the divine, the Portuguese and the landscape. Through a content analysis of the textual and visual components of the guides, an attempt was made to compose the image of the destination Portugal according to Portuguese and foreign authors, thus confronting the different perspectives on the destination and the evolution throughout the period under analysis. The use of two types of sources, images and text, also made it possible to confront the visual and textual discourse of these works. The research reveals a major evolution of Portugal as a destination. If in the 19th century Portugal was a distant, underdeveloped and unknown country, in the 20th century it will gradually show signs of convergence with the more developed countries. This convergence will be reflected in the increasingly positive discourse, thus supplanting the trend towards negative discourse from the 19th century.Programa Doutoral em Turism

A Short History of Transport in Japan

A Short History of Transport in Japan from Ancient Times to the Present is a unique study: the first by a Western scholar to place the long-term development of Japanese infrastructure alongside an analysis of its evolving political economy. Drawing from New Institutional Economics, Black offers an historically informed critique of contemporary planning using the example of Japan’s historical institutions, their particular biases, and the power they have exerted over national and local transport, to identify how reformed institutional arrangements might develop more sustainable and equitable transport services. With chapters addressing each major form of transport, Black examines the predominant role of institutions and individuals – from seventeenth-century shoguns to post-war planners – in transforming Japan’s maritime infrastructure, its roads and waterways, and its adoption of rail and air transport. Using a multidisciplinary, comparative, and chronological approach, the book consults a range of technical, cultural, and political sources to tease out these interactions between society and technology. This spirited new contribution to transport studies will attract readers interested in institutional power, the history of transport, and the development of future infrastructure, as well as those with a general interest in Japan

A Short History of Transport in Japan

A Short History of Transport in Japan from Ancient Times to the Present is a unique study: the first by a Western scholar to place the long-term development of Japanese infrastructure alongside an analysis of its evolving political economy. Drawing from New Institutional Economics, Black offers an historically informed critique of contemporary planning using the example of Japan’s historical institutions, their particular biases, and the power they have exerted over national and local transport, to identify how reformed institutional arrangements might develop more sustainable and equitable transport services. With chapters addressing each major form of transport, Black examines the predominant role of institutions and individuals – from seventeenth-century shoguns to post-war planners – in transforming Japan’s maritime infrastructure, its roads and waterways, and its adoption of rail and air transport. Using a multidisciplinary, comparative, and chronological approach, the book consults a range of technical, cultural, and political sources to tease out these interactions between society and technology. This spirited new contribution to transport studies will attract readers interested in institutional power, the history of transport, and the development of future infrastructure, as well as those with a general interest in Japan

Public Goods Provision in the Early Modern Economy

Historically, for sustaining and reproducing their economic lives, people have obtained goods and services through various ways. How did people tackle issues that the market did not handle well? This volume compares early modern efforts to provide “public goods”—defined in contraposition to market-mediated goods and goods provided through personal relations, such as kinship ties. We examine poverty and famine relief, infrastructure building, and forestry management in East Asia and Europe, using Japan’s Tokugawa era (1603–1868) as a benchmark from which consider the cases in Prussia, China, and England. Taking advantage of rich scholarship on the role of autonomous village and regional society in Japan’s early modern history, the volume highlights the diverse approaches to providing public goods across societies, relativizing the discussion on the formation of fiscal state drawn from the experience in “advanced” Western Europe, and it constructs the beginnings of an early modern basis for forecasting the diversity in public-goods provision future into the modern and contemporary periods

Public Goods Provision in the Early Modern Economy

Historically, for sustaining and reproducing their economic lives, people have obtained goods and services through various ways. How did people tackle issues that the market did not handle well? This volume compares early modern efforts to provide “public goods”—defined in contraposition to market-mediated goods and goods provided through personal relations, such as kinship ties. We examine poverty and famine relief, infrastructure building, and forestry management in East Asia and Europe, using Japan’s Tokugawa era (1603–1868) as a benchmark from which consider the cases in Prussia, China, and England. Taking advantage of rich scholarship on the role of autonomous village and regional society in Japan’s early modern history, the volume highlights the diverse approaches to providing public goods across societies, relativizing the discussion on the formation of fiscal state drawn from the experience in “advanced” Western Europe, and it constructs the beginnings of an early modern basis for forecasting the diversity in public-goods provision future into the modern and contemporary periods

The role of migration and diversity in building disaster resilience: a case study of Birmingham (UK) and Toyama (Japan)

The study explores the role of migration and diversity in building disaster resilience in Birmingham (UK) and Toyama (Japan). The conceptual framework developed in the thesis is informed by critical examination of the approaches to theorising social processes in resilience and draws from the intersections between migration (diversity) and disaster (resilience) literature focusing on complexity governance. Through the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews, ethnographic observations and policy documents conducted between March 2017 and May 2018, I map the efforts taken by public servants and practitioners to develop new or adjust the existing local practices in disaster resilience building to the changing new realities inherent to migration. My original contribution to knowledge is the application of superdiversity lens to analyse migration-driven diversity in disaster resilience. The central claim is that due to the increasing role that superdiversity plays locally, enabling all community members to reduce vulnerabilities, prepare and respond collectively to disasters becomes increasingly difficult. To elucidate this argument, I show that the previous forms of accommodating diversity are not sufficiently effective in addressing the growing complexity in disaster resilience building at the individual, community, and city levels. I argue that the findings highlight a need to move beyond simple and technical approaches to resilience policymaking by including diverse populations in resilience building, accommodating the efforts coming from a wider range of actors and new initiatives emerging locally. In addition, the analysis raises wider questions about how migration-driven diversities are conceptualized, perceived and responded to differently by different actors; the changing meaning of ‘community resilience’ and ‘community’ in general; and their implications for building resilient communities of the future

Personnel transfers and the geographical mobility of population: The case of Japan.

Personnel transfers within the internal labour markets of large multilocational organizations are shown to be the largest single cause of interregional population migration in contemporary Japan. The challenges which such transfers present to conventional migration theory are examined in the context of Japanese personnel management practices, especially the so-called "lifetime employment system". A typology of transfers under this system is developed, and a typical pattern of career mobility described. The incidence of personnel transfers is examined in respect of industry, company size and the personal characteristics of transferees, and the locus of real decision-making power is explored. The temporal and spatial characteristics of interregional transfers are described in detail. Two case studies illustrate the incidence of transfers in stable organizations and in industries undergoing structural transformation. The first case study, of the Ministry of Labour, reveals intricate relationships between geographical mobility and the career paths of senior government officials, while the second, which examines personnel transfers within the Nippon Steel Corporation, shows how transfers are incorporated within broader policies for structural adjustment. The housing needs of transferees are often met directly by the employer through the provision of company housing, a distinctive feature of the Japanese case, as is the prevalence of "partial migration", in which the primary migrant (the transferee) leaves his/her family behind for the duration of a posting. These aspects of the Japanese transfer system are examined in detail, before a concluding chapter sets the agenda for future research