158 research outputs found
Analyzing and Optimizing AED Placement Locations in Big CitesâA Geographical Information System Analysis
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) has been identified as a significant public health issue in China. Numerous studies have demonstrated that using automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can significantly improve the survival rate of OHCA patients, but their low utilization rate is partly due to the accessibility of AED deployment sites. This study collects the location information of AED devices in three representative cities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen and then combines the kilometer population grid data (2021) with the AED geographic location data for visualization and data analysis through QGIS and Kepler.GL. Our model considers population distribution, subway, and road traffic factors and proposes a new method for AED index measurement. Through empirical analysis, we discovered that the existing AED distribution has an issue with unequal resource allocation. Thus, we have proposed specific suggestions on quantity and specific zones for AED deployment. Furthermore, this study proposes three specific suggestions for the problems currently in developing AEDs in China
Advances in Public Transport Platform for the Development of Sustainability Cities
Modern societies demand high and varied mobility, which in turn requires a complex transport system adapted to social needs that guarantees the movement of people and goods in an economically efficient and safe way, but all are subject to a new environmental rationality and the new logic of the paradigm of sustainability. From this perspective, an efficient and flexible transport system that provides intelligent and sustainable mobility patterns is essential to our economy and our quality of life. The current transport system poses growing and significant challenges for the environment, human health, and sustainability, while current mobility schemes have focused much more on the private vehicle that has conditioned both the lifestyles of citizens and cities, as well as urban and territorial sustainability. Transport has a very considerable weight in the framework of sustainable development due to environmental pressures, associated social and economic effects, and interrelations with other sectors. The continuous growth that this sector has experienced over the last few years and its foreseeable increase, even considering the change in trends due to the current situation of generalized crisis, make the challenge of sustainable transport a strategic priority at local, national, European, and global levels. This Special Issue will pay attention to all those research approaches focused on the relationship between evolution in the area of transport with a high incidence in the environment from the perspective of efficiency
Metro systems : Construction, operation and impacts
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Living Stations:
Due to the growing demand for mobility (as a primary need for people to get to work, to obtain personal care or to go travelling), cities continue to be faced with new urban challenges. Stations represent, along mobility networks, not only transportation nodes (transfer points) but also architectural objects which connect an area to the cityâs territorial plane and which have the potential to generate new urban dynamics. In the âcompact cityâ the station is simply no longer the space to access mobility networks, as informed by their dry pragmatism, but becomes an urban place of sociality and encounter - an extended public space beyond mobility itself. Which relationships and cross-fertilizations can be significant for the design of the future living stations in the Municipality of Rotterdam? How ought these stations to be conceived in order to act as public places for collective action? Which (archetypical) devices can be designed to give a shape to the ambitions for these stations? The station as a public space and catalyzer for urban interventions in the metropolitan area of Rotterdam is the focus of the research initiative presented in this publication. City of Innovations Project â Living Stations is organized around speculating and forecasting on future scenarios for the city of Rotterdam. âWhat is the future of Rotterdam with the arrival of a new metro circle line system?â In the past fifty years, every decade of Rotterdam urban planning has seen its complementary metro strategy, with profound connections with the spatial planning and architectural themes. Considering the urban trends of densification and the new move to the city, a new complementary strategy is required. The plans to realize 50.000 new homes between the city center and the suburban residential districts in the next 20 years go together with the development of a new metro circle line consisting of 16 new stations; 6 of which will connect the new metro line to the existing network. Students of the elective City of Innovations Project (AR0109) have been asked to develop ambitious but plausible urban and architectural proposals for selected locations under the guidance of tutors from the Municipality of Rotterdam and Complex Projects. The Grand Paris Express metro project in France has inspired the courseâs approach. Following the critical essays on the strategic role of the infrastructural project for city development interventions, the â10 Visions X 5 Locationsâ chapter is a systematization of the work of 35 masterâs students with input from designers of the City of Rotterdam and experts and academic from the University of Gustave Eiffel in Paris. The research-through-design process conducted in the City of Innovations project - Living Stations consists of documenting and analyzing the present urban conditions of selected station locations in the City of Rotterdam and proposing design solutions and visualizations of the predicted development of these locations
Intelligent Transportation Related Complex Systems and Sensors
Building around innovative services related to different modes of transport and traffic management, intelligent transport systems (ITS) are being widely adopted worldwide to improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation system. They enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and smarter decisions on the use of transport networks. Current ITSs are complex systems, made up of several components/sub-systems characterized by time-dependent interactions among themselves. Some examples of these transportation-related complex systems include: road traffic sensors, autonomous/automated cars, smart cities, smart sensors, virtual sensors, traffic control systems, smart roads, logistics systems, smart mobility systems, and many others that are emerging from niche areas. The efficient operation of these complex systems requires: i) efficient solutions to the issues of sensors/actuators used to capture and control the physical parameters of these systems, as well as the quality of data collected from these systems; ii) tackling complexities using simulations and analytical modelling techniques; and iii) applying optimization techniques to improve the performance of these systems. It includes twenty-four papers, which cover scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and various other ideas on analytics, trends and applications of transportation-related data
Discrete Automation - Eyes of the City
Observing peopleâs presence in physical space and deciphering their behaviors have always been critical actions to designers, planners and anyone else who has an interest in exploring how cities work. It was 1961 when Jane Jacobs, in her seminal book âThe Death and Life of Great American Citiesâ, coined a famous expression to convey this idea. According to Jacobs, âthe natural proprietorsâ of a certain part of the metropolis â the people who live, work or spend a substantial amount of time there â become the âeyes on the street.â Their collective, distributed, decentralized gaze becomes the prerequisite to establishing âa marvelous order for maintaining the safety of the streets and the freedom of the city.â Almost half a century later, we find ourselves at the inception of a new chapter in the relationship between the city and digital technologies, which calls for a reexamination of the old âeyes on the streetâ idea. In the next few years, thanks to the most recent advances in Artificial Intelligence, deep learning and imaging, we are about to reach an unprecedented scenario, the most radical development in the evolution of the Internet-of-Things: architectural space is acquiring the full ability to âsee.â Imagine that any room, street or shop in our city can recognize you, and autonomously respond to your presence. With Jacobsâs âeyes on the street,â it was people who looked at other people or the city and interpreted its mechanisms. In this new scenario, buildings and streets similarly acquire the ability to observe and react as urban life unfolds in front of them. After the âeyes on the street,â we are now entering the era of the âEyes of the City.â What happens, then, to people and the urban landscape when the sensor-imbued city is able to gaze back? What we are currently facing is an âutopia or oblivionâ crossroads, to say it with the words of one of the most notable thinkers of the past century, Richard Buckminster Fuller. We believe that one of the fundamental duties of architects and designers today is to grapple with this momentous shift, and engage people in the process. âEyes of the Cityâ aims to experiment with these emerging scenarios to better comprehend them, deconstructing the potential uses of new technologies in order to make them accessible to everyone and inspire people to form an opinion. Using critical design as a tool, the exhibition seeks to create experiences that will encourage people to get involved in defining the ways in which new technologies will shape their cities in years to come. For this reason, it recognizes in Shenzhenâs Futian high-speed railway station its natural home â a place where to reach a broad, diverse audience of intentional visitors and accidental passersby, and a space where, just like in most other liminal transportation hubs, the impact of an âEyes of the Cityâ scenario is likely going to be felt the most
Sustainable Mobility and Transport
This Special Issue is dedicated to sustainable mobility and transport, with a special focus on technological advancements. Global transport systems are significant sources of air, land, and water emissions. A key motivator for this Special Issue was the diversity and complexity of mitigating transport emissions and industry adaptions towards increasingly stricter regulation. Originally, the Special Issue called for papers devoted to all forms of mobility and transports. The papers published in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, aiming to increase understanding of the impacts and effects of mobility and transport in working towards sustainability, where most studies place technological innovations at the heart of the matter. The goal of the Special Issue is to present research that focuses, on the one hand, on the challenges and obstacles on a system-level decision making of clean mobility, and on the other, on indirect effects caused by these changes
Uncovering population dynamics using mobile phone data : the case of Helsinki Metropolitan Area
Understanding the whereabouts of people in time and space is necessary for unraveling how our societies function. Regardless, our understanding of human presence is predominantly based on static residential population data, which is often outdated and excludes certain population groups, such as commuters or tourists. In the light of development towards 24-hour societies and the needs for promoting sustainable and equitable urban planning, reliable data of population dynamics are needed. To this end, ubiquitous mobile phones provide an attractive source for estimating the spatiotemporal digital footprints of people.
In this study, I set out to investigate 1) the feasibility of three different aggregated network-based mobile phone data â the number of voice calls, data transmission and general network connection attempts â as a proxy for human presence, 2) how does the population distribution vary in Helsinki Metropolitan Area over the course of a regular weekday and 3) the role of temporally-sensitive population data when analysing dynamic accessibility to grocery stores and transport hubs. To my best knowledge, this is the first attempt when mobile phone data is used to reveal population dynamics for scientific purposes in Finland.
Mobile phone data collected by the mobile network operator Elisa in 2017â2018 and ancillary data about land cover, buildings and a time use survey were used to estimate the 24-hour population distribution of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The mobile phone data were allocated to statistical 250 m x 250 m grid cells using an advanced dasymetric interpolation method and validated against population register data from Statistics Finland. The resulting 24-hour population was used to map the pulse of the city and to introduce the first fully dynamic accessibility model in the study area.
The results show that data use is a good proxy for people and outperforms voice calls or overall network connection attempts. During daytime, the static population overestimates the population in residential areas and underestimates the population in work and service areas. In general, the 24-hour population reveals the pulse of a city, which is highlighted especially in the inner city of Helsinki, where the relative share of population of the study area increases by 50 % from the share at night-time to its peak at noon. The results of the case study suggest that integrating dynamic population data to location-based accessibility analysis provides more realistic results compared to static population data, but the significance of dynamic population data depends on the study context and research questions.
In summary, aggregated network-driven mobile phone data is a feasible alternative for dynamic population modelling, however, different mobile phone data types vary in representativeness, which should be taken into account when using mobile phone data in research. To this end, critical evaluation of data and transparent data description are essential. Overall, understanding 24-hour societies and supporting sustainable urban planning necessitates dynamic population data, but advancements in data policy and availability are needed to harvest these possibilities. The results of this study also provide new empirical insights of the population dynamics in the study area, which can be used to advance planning and decision making.YmmÀrrys vÀestön alueellisen jakautumisen ajallisesta vaihtelusta on keskeistÀ yhteiskuntamme toiminnan ymmÀrtÀmiseksi. TÀstÀ huolimatta ymmÀrrys ihmisten lÀsnÀolosta on vÀhÀistÀ ja perustuu pÀÀasiassa staattisiin asuinpaikkakohtaisiin vÀestötietoihin, jotka ovat usein vanhentuneita ja saattavat johtaa erÀiden vÀestöryhmien, kuten työmatkalaisten tai turistien, sivuuttamiseen. Kehityksen kohti ympÀrivuorokautista yhteiskuntaa ja kestÀvÀn ja tasa-arvoisen kaupunkisuunnittelun edistÀmisen tarpeiden valossa tarvitaan luotettavia tietoja vÀestön dynamiikasta.
TĂ€ssĂ€ tutkimuksessa tarkastelin 1) kolmen eri verkkopohjaisen matkapuhelinaineiston â puheluiden, tiedonsiirtoyhteyksien ja verkkoyhteyksien muodostusyritysten lukumÀÀrĂ€n â soveltuvuutta ihmisen lĂ€snĂ€olon kuvaajana, 2) miten vĂ€estöjakauma vaihtelee pÀÀkaupunkiseudulla sÀÀnnöllisen arkipĂ€ivĂ€n aikana ja 3) temporaalisten vĂ€estötietojen kĂ€ytön roolia saavutettavuusmallinnuksessa tarkasteltaessa ruokakauppojen ja liikenteen solmukohtien saavutettavuutta joukkoliikenteellĂ€. Parhaan tietĂ€mykseni mukaan tĂ€mĂ€ on ensimmĂ€inen kerta, kun matkapuhelinaineistoja kĂ€ytetÀÀn vĂ€estön dynamiikan tarkasteluun tieteellisiin tarkoituksiin Suomessa.
Matkapuhelinoperaattori Elisan kerÀÀmiĂ€ matkapuhelinaineistoja (2017â2018) sekĂ€ aineistoja maankĂ€ytöstĂ€, rakennuksista ja ajankĂ€yttötutkimuksen tuloksia kĂ€ytettiin pÀÀkaupunkiseudun 24 tunnin vĂ€estöjakauman arvioimiseen. Matkapuhelimen tiedot allokoitiin 250 m x 250 m tilastoruutuihin kĂ€yttĂ€en edistynyttĂ€ dasymetristĂ€ interpolointimenetelmÀÀ ja validoitiin Tilastokeskuksen vĂ€estörekisteritietoja kĂ€yttĂ€en. Tuloksena saatua 24 tunnin vĂ€estöaineistoa kĂ€ytettiin kaupungin pulssin analysointiin ja ensimmĂ€isen tĂ€ysin dynaamisen saavutettavuusmallin toteuttamiseen tutkimusalueella.
Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, ettÀ matkapuhelinten tiedonsiirto on hyvÀ kuvaaja ihmisten sijainnille ja parempi kuin puhelut tai verkkoyhteyksien muodostusyritykset. PÀivÀn aikana staattinen vÀestöaineisto yliarvioi vÀestöÀ erityisesti asuinalueilla samalla aliarvioiden vÀestöÀ alueilla, joilla on työpaikka- tai palvelukeskittymiÀ. Yleisesti katsottuna 24 tunnin vÀestö paljastaa kaupungin pulssin, mikÀ korostuu erityisesti Helsingin keskustassa, jossa tutkimusalueen vÀestön suhteellinen osuus kasvaa 50 %:lla yöstÀ sen huippuun keskipÀivÀllÀ. Tapaustutkimuksen tulokset havainnollistavat kuinka dynaamisen vÀestötietojen integroiminen sijaintipohjaiseen saavutettavuustarkasteluun tarjoaa realistisempia tuloksia verrattuna staattiseen vÀestöaineistoon, mutta dynaamisten vÀestötietojen integroimisen merkitys riippuu tutkimuksen kontekstista ja tutkimuskysymyksistÀ.
Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, ettÀ aggregoitu verkkopohjainen matkapuhelinaineisto on hyvÀ vaihtoehto dynaamisen vÀestön mallintamiseen, mutta soveltuvuus vaihtelee aineistojen vÀlillÀ, mikÀ on tÀrkeÀ huomioida kÀytettÀessÀ matkapuhelinaineistoja tutkimuksessa. TÀtÀ vasten aineiston kriittinen tarkastelu ja lÀpinÀkyvÀ aineiston dokumentointi on olennaista. Kaiken kaikkiaan 24 tunnin yhteiskuntien ymmÀrtÀminen ja kestÀvÀn kaupunkisuunnittelun tukeminen edellyttÀvÀt dynaamisia vÀestötietoja, mutta tietopolitiikan ja aineistojen saatavuuden edistÀminen on vÀlttÀmÀtöntÀ tÀmÀn toteutumiseksi. TÀmÀ työ tarjoaa myös uutta empiiristÀ tietoa vÀestön dynamiikasta pÀÀkaupunkiseudulla, jota voidaan kÀyttÀÀ suunnittelun ja pÀÀtöksenteon tukena
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