Landslide Risk Management and Crises Events

The problem of geological and landslide risk management is seen as a series of events leading to risk reduction, including risk analysis, risk assessment, risk mapping, vulnerability evaluation, concept of acceptable risk, monitoring organization, engineering-technical methods, insurance, and others. Some examples of crises events are presented and investigated

Economic Model for Assessing the Return on Investments in Structural Health Monitoring Systems

Purpose: The purpose of this article is the description of the approach to the economic assessment of a highly-effective system for state monitoring of structures ensuring an increase in safety and economic efficiency for utilization of complex engineering structures and buildings considering all existing risks. Design/Methodology/Approach: The essence of the approach is in obtaining the state control data of these structures and buildings from sensors, which detect hidden damages and cracks, monitor consequences of shocks, corrosion, tension, and overheating. Findings: All the collected data make up the predictive analysis using artificial intelligence, which can and must analyze this data in real-time mode. Practical Implications: Such a way for monitoring allows for assessing the state of the structures and repairing or replacing them before the critical moments occur, thus significantly reducing the cost of servicing data from complex engineering objects, as well as it ensures their reliability and safety. Digitalization should be introduced in all of the industrial sectors, including aviation, where effectiveness, reliability, and safety are closely interconnected. Originality/Value: Thanks to the development of the state monitoring systems and the economic efficiency of their use in critical structures, the possibility, and intensiveness of their improvement are growing. This has great value and pushes modern productions forward

Highway Capacity Estimation: International Regulation and Neurostructural Remodeling Approach

Increasing number of personal vehicles and cargo transportation requires the development of a well-planned transport policy within states and states associations. The existing normative acts give different directions in the field of regulation of transportation processes. One of the most important aspects in assessing the existing state transport arteries and planning new ones is the analysis of their capacity, which could be performed in various ways. The classical approach defines capacity as a certain value that is constant for the entire period under consideration. However, this value is changing at any given point in time depending on various factors (weather, psychological, accidental), and this fact determines the stochastic nature of this indicator. The paper presents an overview of existing approaches and a perspective approach that defines capacity as a random variable. The paper also presents the method to model highway capacity, which delivers greater accuracy compared to traditional approaches used in Russia and Germany. Using the proposed approach it is possible to obtain adequate values of highway capacity, which is important in assessing the quality of the functioning of existing highways and planning new ones

Recreation, tourism and nature in a changing world : proceedings of the fifth international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas : Wageningen, the Netherlands, May 30-June 3, 2010

Proceedings of the fifth international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas : Wageningen, the Netherlands, May 30-June 3, 201

Arctic Flora and Fauna: Status and Conservation

What is the overall state of the Arctic environment? The aim of this report is to answer the many aspects of this seemingly straightforward question. Although several national and international efforts have looked at parts of the Arctic, this is the first attempt to assess the state of Arctic flora and fauna as a whole

Safe Intelligent Driver Assistance System in V2X Communication Environments based on IoT

In the modern world, power and speed of cars have increased steadily, as traffic continued to increase. At the same time highway-related fatalities and injuries due to road incidents are constantly growing and safety problems come first. Therefore, the development of Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) has become a major issue. Numerous innovations, systems and technologies have been developed in order to improve road transportation and safety. Modern computer vision algorithms enable cars to understand the road environment with low miss rates. A number of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been applied in the different cities over the world. Recently, a new global paradigm, known as the Internet of Things (IoT) brings new idea to update the existing solutions. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication based on IoT technologies would be a next step in intelligent transportation for the future Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). The overall purpose of this research was to come up with a scalable IoT solution for driver assistance, which allows to combine safety relevant information for a driver from different types of in-vehicle sensors, in-vehicle DAS, vehicle networks and driver`s gadgets. This study brushed up on the evolution and state-of-the-art of Vehicle Systems. Existing ITSs, VANETs and DASs were evaluated in the research. The study proposed a design approach for the future development of transport systems applying IoT paradigm to the transport safety applications in order to enable driver assistance become part of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The research proposed the architecture of the Safe Intelligent DAS (SiDAS) based on IoT V2X communications in order to combine different types of data from different available devices and vehicle systems. The research proposed IoT ARM structure for SiDAS, data flow diagrams, protocols. The study proposes several IoT system structures for the vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-vehicle collision prediction as case studies for the flexible SiDAS framework architecture. The research has demonstrated the significant increase in driver situation awareness by using IoT SiDAS, especially in NLOS conditions. Moreover, the time analysis, taking into account IoT, Cloud, LTE and DSRS latency, has been provided for different collision scenarios, in order to evaluate the overall system latency and ensure applicability for real-time driver emergency notification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SiDAS improves traffic safety

Spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Atlantic Ocean

This paper describes the transport of bottom water from its source region in the Weddell Sea through the abyssal channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The research brings together the recent observations and historical data. A strong flow of Antarctic Bottom Water through the Vema Channel is analyzed. The mean speed of the flow is 30 cm/s. A temperature increase was found in the deep Vema Channel, which has been observed for 30 years already. The flow of bottom water in the northern part of the Brazil Basin splits. Part of the water flows through the Romanche and Chain fracture zones. The other part flows to the North American Basin. Part of the latter flow propagates through the Vema Fracture Zone into the Northeast Atlantic. The properties of bottom water in the Kane Gap and Discovery Gap are also analyzed

NASA scientific and technical publications: A catalog of special publications, reference publications, conference publications, and technical papers, 1989

This catalog lists 190 citations of all NASA Special Publications, NASA Reference Publications, NASA Conference Publications, and NASA Technical Papers that were entered into the NASA scientific and technical information database during accession year 1989. The entries are grouped by subject category. Indexes of subject terms, personal authors, and NASA report numbers are provided

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 133)

This special bibliography lists 276 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System in September 1974

Problems of operational control of physical and chemical environmental factors in residential areas of Russian settlements

The formation of human life conditions in residential areas depends on the state of ecological balance in these territories, which, in turn, relays the influence of various natural and anthropogenic environmental factors. From a practical point of view, this influence is increasingly becoming cumulative or even complex. The article discusses the need to create a system of integrated (aggregate) monitoring of residential areas, providing visualization of predictive estimates of the spread of pollution. To solve such a problem, it is necessary to develop a theoretical model (concept) of complex (aggregate, generalized) monitoring of the ecological situation. This approach is based on the use of the principle of combining data on the nature and parameters of the main air pollutants, infra- and ultrasonic, as well as electromagnetic radiation, vibrations, meteorological parameters and the structure of landscape features of the zone. Modern automated monitoring systems of natural and technogenic areas are considered. Their advantages and disadvantages are noted. It is concluded that a system is necessary to develop, which solves a wider range of tasks