Object detection with radar : present and future automotive technology

Radar-based object detection in cars is an integral part of autonomous driving systems. Radar sensors benefit from their excellent robustness in adverse weather conditions such as snow, fog or heavy rain. Although machine learning-based object detection is traditionally a camera-based domain, great progress has been made in lidar sensors, and radar is also catching up. Radar has been a key element of advanced automotive driver assistance systems for more than two decades. As an inexpensive, all-weather, long-range sensor that simultaneously provides speed measurements, radar is expected to be indispensable for the future of autonomous driving. Traditional radar signal processing techniques are often unable to distinguish reflections from objects of interest and are generally limited to detecting the peaks of the received signal. These peak detection methods convert the radar signal as an image into a sparse point cloud. Fully autonomous vehicles and the need to improve road safety have increased the reliability requirements of various advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Automotive radar is a key component of ADAS, as it adds safety and comfort features to vehicles. One of the main challenges in developing automotive radar is to demonstrate its reliability, especially in the most difficult cases. Building and testing radar systems for specific cases is time- consuming, costly and impractical. Simulation is the only practical way to investigate the countless practical cases of automotive radar. One interesting case is the reduction of radar returns due to sharp road curves. In particular, crucial targets with low radar cross sections (RCS), such as pedestrians, can become invisible to radar when driving on sharp curves. This paper will implement a radar system for the simulation of object detection of a vehicle, and aims to show and analyse how reliable such systems can be, as well as their problems and more.Outgoin

Imaging Technology and Systems

Presents a review of various imaging techniques used in the ground-based airborne and spaceborne systems. It mainly covers the subject on electromagnetic spectrum extending from ultraviolet to microwave region. Discusses various imaging techniques, including their advantages/limitations and available systems and highlights visible, near infrared, thermal infrared and millimeter wave band imaging system developed by the Defence Electronics Applications Laboratory, Dehradun

Distributed physical sensors network for the protection of critical infrastractures against physical attacks

The SCOUT project is based on the use of multiple innovative and low impact technologies for the protection of space control ground stations and the satellite links against physical and cyber-attacks, and for intelligent reconfiguration of the ground station network (including the ground node of the satellite link) in the case that one or more nodes fail. The SCOUT sub-system devoted to physical attacks protection, SENSNET, is presented. It is designed as a network of sensor networks that combines DAB and DVB-T based passive radar, noise radar, Ku-band radar, infrared cameras, and RFID technologies. The problem of data link architecture is addressed and the proposed solution described

Radar Technology

In this book “Radar Technology”, the chapters are divided into four main topic areas: Topic area 1: “Radar Systems” consists of chapters which treat whole radar systems, environment and target functional chain. Topic area 2: “Radar Applications” shows various applications of radar systems, including meteorological radars, ground penetrating radars and glaciology. Topic area 3: “Radar Functional Chain and Signal Processing” describes several aspects of the radar signal processing. From parameter extraction, target detection over tracking and classification technologies. Topic area 4: “Radar Subsystems and Components” consists of design technology of radar subsystem components like antenna design or waveform design

Autonomous Wireless Radar Sensor Mote for Target Material Classification

An autonomous wireless sensor network consisting of different types of sensor modalities is a topic of intense research due to its versatility and portability.These types of autonomous sensor networks commonly include passive sensor nodes such as infrared,acoustic,seismic and magnetic.However,fusion of another active sensor such as Doppler radar in the integrated sensor network may offer powerful capabilities for many different sensing and classification tasks.In this work,we demonstrate the design and implementation of an autonomous wireless sensor network integrating a Doppler sensor into wireless sensor node with commercial off the shelf components.We also investigate the effect of different types of target materials on return radar signal as one of the applications of the newly designed radar-mote network.Usually type of materials can affect the amount of energy reflected back to the source of an electromagnetic wave.We obtain mathematical and simulation models for the reflectivity of different homogeneous non-conducting materials and study the effect of such reflectivity on different types of targets.We validate our simulation results on effect of reflectivity on different types of targets using real toy experiment data collected through our autonomous radar-mote sensor network

COMBAT SYSTEMS Volume 1. Sensor Elements Part I. Sensor Functional Characteristics

This document includes: CHAPTER 1. SIGNATURES, OBSERVABLES, & PROPAGATORS. CHAPTER 2. PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. I. – FUNDAMENTAL EFFECTS. CHAPTER 3. PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. II. – WEATHER EFFECTS. CHAPTER 4. PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. III. – REFRACTIVE EFFECTS. CHAPTER 5. PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IV. – OTHER ATMOSPHERIC AND UNDERWATER EFFECTS. CHAPTER 6. PROPAGATION OF ACOUSTIC RADIATION. CHAPTER 7. NUCLEAR RADIATION: ITS ORIGIN AND PROPAGATION. CHAPTER 8. RADIOMETRY, PHOTOMETRY, & RADIOMETRIC ANALYSIS. CHAPTER 9. SENSOR FUNCTIONS. CHAPTER 10. SEARCH. CHAPTER 11. DETECTION. CHAPTER 12. ESTIMATION. CHAPTER 13. MODULATION AND DEMODULATION. CHAPTER 14. IMAGING AND IMAGE-BASED PERCEPTION. CHAPTER 15. TRACKING. APPENDIX A. UNITS, PHYSICAL CONSTANTS, AND USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS. APPENDIX B. FINITE DIFFERENCE AND FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUES. APPENDIX C. PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS. INDEX TO VOLUME 1. Note by author: Note: Boldface entries in the table of contents are not yet completed

Ranging with Synthetic Aperture RADAR

RADAR is an acoustic mechanism for the identification and place, reflecting the message, of destination items such as planes, vessels, satellites, cars, individuals and nature. The radio waves are used for the electromagnetic measurement of the perspective, variety or speed of items. Before and during the Second World War, RADAR was created in numerous countries. The RADAR system uses many specific aspects of electrical engineering technology such as image handling, data processing, waveform structure, electromagnetic dispersion, tracking, data parameter estimation, information collection, antennas, propagation stations, and receivers. Only 110 years earlier the first radar was invented. In the meantime, there were countless apps and scheme ideas were used for the accessible techniques. Speed control, aerial traffic control, synthetic opening radar, aerial and space missions, militaries and remote sensing are the typical apps. Medical radar research is well underway in the identification of breast cancer and in the localization of tumors. Automotive radar is now generated in millions per year to save and autonomous driving. The modern radar scheme ideas will almost encounter a revolution in the next few years. Although the radar systems have progressed considerably, they have not developed over the past 20 years, like communication or other techniques. In a few years, certain fresh techniques will enter the radar structure and revolutionize ideas of the radar scheme. New radar characteristics and methods to signal processing are then possible. 2 | P a g e Si

The 1981 current research on aviation weather (bibliography)

Current and ongoing research programs related to various areas of aviation meteorology are presented. Literature searches of major abstract publications, were conducted. Research project managers of various government agencies involved in aviation meteorology research provided a list of current research project titles and managers, supporting organizations, performing organizations, the principal investigators, and the objectives. These are tabulated under the headings of advanced meteorological instruments, forecasting, icing, lightning and atmospheric electricity; fog, visibility, and ceilings; low level wind shear, storm hazards/severe storms, turbulence, winds, and ozone and other meteorological parameters. This information was reviewed and assembled into a bibliography providing a current readily useable source of information in the area of aviation meteorology