Advanced Photonic Sciences

The new emerging field of photonics has significantly attracted the interest of many societies, professionals and researchers around the world. The great importance of this field is due to its applicability and possible utilization in almost all scientific and industrial areas. This book presents some advanced research topics in photonics. It consists of 16 chapters organized into three sections: Integrated Photonics, Photonic Materials and Photonic Applications. It can be said that this book is a good contribution for paving the way for further innovations in photonic technology. The chapters have been written and reviewed by well-experienced researchers in their fields. In their contributions they demonstrated the most profound knowledge and expertise for interested individuals in this expanding field. The book will be a good reference for experienced professionals, academics and researchers as well as young researchers only starting their carrier in this field

Systematic Simulation-Based Predictive Synthesis of Integrated Optical Interconnect

Integrated optical interconnect has been identified by the ITRS as a potential solution to overcome predicted interconnect limitations in future systems-on-chip. However, the multiphysics nature of the design problem and the lack of a mature integrated photonic technology have contributed to severe difficulties in assessing its suitability. This paper describes a systematic, fully automated synthesis method for integrated microsource-based optical interconnect capable of optimally sizing the interface circuits based on system specifications, CMOS technology data, and optical device characteristics. The simulation-based nature of the design method means that its results are relatively accurate, even though the generation of each data point requires only 5 min on a 1.3-GHz processor. This method has been used to extract typical performance metrics (delay, power, interconnect density) for optical interconnect of length 2.5–20 mm in three predictive technologies at 65-, 45-, and 32-nm gate length

THE USE OF TUNED FRONT END OPTICAL RECEIVER AND PULSE POSITION MODULATION

The aim of this work is to investigate the use of tuned front-ends with OOK and PPM schemes, in addition to establish a theory for baseband tuned front end receivers. In this thesis, a background of baseband receivers, tuned receivers, and modulation schemes used in baseband optical communication is presented. Also, the noise theory of baseband receivers is reviewed which establishes a grounding for developing the theory relating to optical baseband tuned receivers. This work presents novel analytical expressions for tuned transimpedance, tuned components, noise integrals and equivalent input and output noise densities of two tuned front-end receivers employing bi-polar junction transistors and field effect transistors as the input. It also presents novel expressions for optimising the collector current for tuned receivers. The noise modelling developed in this work overcomes some limitations of the conventional noise modelling and allows tuned receivers to be optimised and analysed. This work also provides an in-depth investigation of optical baseband tuned receivers for on-off keying (OOK), Pulse position modulation (PPM), and Di-code pulse position modulation (Di-code PPM). This investigation aims to give quantitative predictions of the receiver performance for various types of receivers with different photodetectors (PIN photodetector and avalanche photodetector), different input transistors (bi-polar junction transistor BJT and field effect transistor FET), different pre-detection filters (1st order low pass filter and 3rd order Butterworth filter), different detection methods, and different tuned configurations (inductive shunt feedback front end tuned A and serial tuned front end tuned B). This investigation considers various optical links such as line of sight (LOS) optical link, non-line of sight (NLOS) link and optical fibre link. All simulations, modelling, and calculations (including: channel modelling, receiver modelling, noise modelling, pulse shape and inter-symbol interference simulations, and error probability and receiver calculations) are performed by using a computer program (PTC Mathcad prime 4, version: M010/2017) which is used to evaluate and analyse the performance of these optical links. As an outcome of this investigation, noise power in tuned receivers is significantly reduced for all examined configurations and under different conditions compared to non-tuned receivers. The overall receiver performance is improved by over 3dB in some cases. This investigation provides an overview and demonstration of cases where tuned receiver can be optimised for baseband transmission, offering a much better performance compared to non-tuned receivers. The performance improvement that tuned receivers offers can benefit a wide range of optical applications. This investigation also addresses some recommendations and suggestions for further work in some emerging applications such as underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC), visible light communication (VLC), and implantable medical devices (IMD). Keyword: Optical communications, Baseband receivers, Noise modelling, tuned front end, pulse position modulation (PPM)

Systematic Simulation-Based Predictive Synthesis of Integrated Optical Interconnect

Abstract—Integrated optical interconnect has been identified by the ITRS as a potential solution to overcome predicted interconnect limitations in future systems on chip. However, the multi-physics nature of the design problem and the lack of a mature integrated photonic technology have contributed to severe difficulties in assessing its suitability. This paper describes a systematic, fully automated synthesis method for integrated microsource-based optical interconnect capable of optimally sizing the interface circuits based on system specifications, CMOS technology data and optical device characteristics. The simulation-based nature of the design method means that its results are relatively accurate, even though the generation of each data point requires only 5 minutes on a 1.3 GHz processor. This method has been used to extract typical performance metrics (delay, power, interconnect density) for optical interconnect of length 2.5mm-20mm in three predictive technologies at 65nm, 45nm and 32nm gate length. Index Terms—integrated optical interconnect, multi-domain design methods, synthesi