44 research outputs found

    Tournesol: Permissionless Collaborative Algorithmic Governance with Security Guarantees

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    Recommendation algorithms play an increasingly central role in our societies. However, thus far, these algorithms are mostly designed and parameterized unilaterally by private groups or governmental authorities. In this paper, we present an end-to-end permissionless collaborative algorithmic governance method with security guarantees. Our proposed method is deployed as part of an open-source content recommendation platform https://tournesol.app, whose recommender is collaboratively parameterized by a community of (non-technical) contributors. This algorithmic governance is achieved through three main steps. First, the platform contains a mechanism to assign voting rights to the contributors. Second, the platform uses a comparison-based model to evaluate the individual preferences of contributors. Third, the platform aggregates the judgements of all contributors into collective scores for content recommendations. We stress that the first and third steps are vulnerable to attacks from malicious contributors. To guarantee the resilience against fake accounts, the first step combines email authentication, a vouching mechanism, a novel variant of the reputation-based EigenTrust algorithm and an adaptive voting rights assignment for alternatives that are scored by too many untrusted accounts. To provide resilience against malicious authenticated contributors, we adapt Mehestan, an algorithm previously proposed for robust sparse voting. We believe that these algorithms provide an appealing foundation for a collaborative, effective, scalable, fair, contributor-friendly, interpretable and secure governance. We conclude by highlighting key challenges to make our solution applicable to larger-scale settings.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figure

    Towards trustworthy social computing systems

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    The rising popularity of social computing systems has managed to attract rampant forms of service abuse that negatively affects the sustainability of these systems and degrades the quality of service experienced by their users. The main factor that enables service abuse is the weak identity infrastructure used by most sites, where identities are easy to create with no verification by a trusted authority. Attackers are exploiting this infrastructure to launch Sybil attacks, where they create multiple fake (Sybil) identities to take advantage of the combined privileges associated with the identities to abuse the system. In this thesis, we present techniques to mitigate service abuse by designing and building defense schemes that are robust and practical. We use two broad defense strategies: (1) Leveraging the social network: We first analyze existing social network-based Sybil detection schemes and present their practical limitations when applied on real world social networks. Next, we present an approach called Sybil Tolerance that bounds the impact an attacker can gain from using multiple identities; (2) Leveraging activity history of identities: We present two approaches, one that applies anomaly detection on user social behavior to detect individual misbehaving identities, and a second approach called Stamper that focuses on detecting a group of Sybil identities. We show that both approaches in this category raise the bar for defense against adaptive attackers.Die steigende PopularitĂ€t sozialer Medien fĂŒhrt zu umfangreichen Missbrauch mit negativen Folgen fĂŒr die nachhaltige FunktionalitĂ€t und verringerter QualitĂ€t des Services. Der Missbrauch wird maßgeblich durch die Nutzung schwacher Identifikationsverfahren, die eine einfache Anmeldung ohne Verifikation durch eine vertrauenswĂŒrdige Behörde erlaubt, ermöglicht. Angreifer nutzen diese Umgebung aus und attackieren den Service mit sogenannten Sybil Angriffen, bei denen mehrere gefĂ€lschte (Sybil) IdentitĂ€ten erstellt werden, um einen Vorteil durch die gemeinsamen Privilegien der IdentitĂ€ten zu erhalten und den Service zu missbrauchen. Diese Doktorarbeit zeigt Techniken zur Verhinderung von Missbrauch sozialer Medien, in dem Verteidigungsmechanismen konstruiert und implementiert werden, die sowohl robust als auch praktikabel sind. Zwei Verteidigungsstrategien werden vorgestellt: (1) Unter Ausnutzung des sozialen Netzwerks: Wir analysieren zuerst existierende soziale Netzwerk-basierende Sybil Erkennungsmechanismen und zeigen deren praktische Anwendungsgrenzen auf bei der Anwendung auf soziale Netzwerke aus der echten Welt. Im Anschluss zeigen wir den Ansatz der sogenannten Sybil Toleranz, welcher die Folgen eines Angriffs mit mehreren IdentitĂ€ten einschrĂ€nkt. (2) Unter Ausnutzung des AktivitĂ€tsverlaufs von IdentitĂ€ten: Wir prĂ€sentieren zwei AnsĂ€tze, einen anwendbar fĂŒr die Erkennung von UnregelmĂ€ĂŸigkeiten in dem sozialen Verhalten eines Benutzers zur Erkennung unanstĂ€ndiger Benutzer und ein weiterer Ansatz namens Stamper, dessen Fokus die Erkennung von Gruppen bestehend aus Sybil IdentitĂ€ten ist. Beide gezeigten AnsĂ€tze erschweren adaptive Angriffe und verbessern existierende Verteidigungsmechanismen
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