Integrated HBIM-GIS Models for Multi-Scale Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Historical Buildings

The complexity of historical urban centres progressively needs a strategic improvement in methods and the scale of knowledge concerning the vulnerability aspect of seismic risk. A geographical multi-scale point of view is increasingly preferred in the scientific literature and in Italian regulation policies, that considers systemic behaviors of damage and vulnerability assessment from an urban perspective according to the scale of the data, rather than single building damage analysis. In this sense, a geospatial data sciences approach can contribute towards generating, integrating, and making virtuous relations between urban databases and emergency-related data, in order to constitute a multi-scale 3D database supporting strategies for conservation and risk assessment scenarios. The proposed approach developed a vulnerability-oriented GIS/HBIM integration in an urban 3D geodatabase, based on multi-scale data derived from urban cartography and emergency mapping 3D data. Integrated geometric and semantic information related to historical masonry buildings (specifically the churches) and structural data about architectural elements and damage were integrated in the approach. This contribution aimed to answer the research question supporting levels of knowledge required by directives and vulnerability assessment studies, both about the generative workflow phase, the role of HBIM models in GIS environments and toward user-oriented webGIS solutions for sharing and public use fruition, exploiting the database for expert operators involved in heritage preservation

HBIM, dibujo 3D y realidad virtual aplicados a sitios arqueológicos y ruinas antiguas

[EN] Data collection, documentation and analysis of the traces of ancient ruins and archaeological sites represent an inestimable value to be handed down to future generations. Thanks to the development of new technologies in the field of computer graphics, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual Reality (VR) and three-dimensional (3D) digital survey, this research proposes new levels of interactivity between users and virtual environments capable of communicating the tangible and intangible values of remains of ancient ruins. In this particular field of development, 3D drawing and digital modelling are based on the application of new Scan-to-HBIM-to-VR specifications capable of transforming simple points (point clouds) into mathematical models and digital information. Thanks to the direct application of novel grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA) it has been possible to go beyond the creation of complex models for heritage BIM (HBIM) and explore the creation of informative 3D representation composed by subelements (granular HBIM objects) characterized by a further level of knowledge. The value of measurement, 3D drawing and digital modelling have been investigated from the scientific point of view and oriented to the generation of a holistic model able to relate both with architects, engineers, and surveyors but also with archaeologists, restorers and virtual tourists.[ES] La captura de datos, la documentación y el análisis de los restos de las ruinas antiguas y  de  los sitios arqueológicos representan una herencia inestimabile que debe ser transferida a las generaciones futúras. Gracias al desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías en el campo de los gráficos por ordenador, el modelado de información de la construción (BIM), la realidad virtual (RV) y el levantamiento  digital tridimensional (3D), esta investigación propone nuevos niveles de interacción entre los usuarios y los entornos digitales que pueden comunicar los valores tangibiles e intangibles de los restos de las ruinas antiguas. En este particular ámbito de desarrollo, el dibujo 3D y la modelización digital se basan en la aplicación de las nuevas especificaciones escaneado-a-HBIM-a-RV, capaces de transformar puntos simples (nubes de puntos) en modelos matemáticos e informacción digital. Gracias a la aplicación directa de los GOG (grados of generación) y GOA (grados de exactitud) ha sido posible ir más allá de la creacción de los complejos BIM patrimoniales (HBIM) y explorar la creacción de representaciones 3D, formada por sub-elementos (objetos HBIM granulares) caracterizados por un mayor nivel de conocimiento. El valor de la medición, el dibujo 3D y el modelado digital ha sido investigado desde un enfoque científico y orientado a la generación de un modelo holístico capaz de relacionar tanto a arquitectos, ingenieros y aparejadores con arqueológos, restauradores y turistas virtuales.Banfi, F. (2020). HBIM, 3D drawing and virtual reality for archaeological sites and ancient ruins. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(23):16-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12416OJS16331123Alby, E., Vigouroux, E., & Elter, R. (2019). Implementation of survey and three-dimensional monitoring of archaeological excavations of the Khirbat al-Dusaq site, Jordan. 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Heritage building information modelling. Abingdon: Routledge. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315628011Banfi, F. (2019). HBIM generation: extending geometric primitives and bim modelling tools for heritage structures and complex vaulted systems. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W15, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W15-139-2019Banfi, F. (2017). BIM orientation: grades of generation and information for different type of analysis and management process. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII(2/W5), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-57-2017Banfi, F., Brumana, R., & Stanga, C. (2019). Extended reality and informative models for the architectural heritage: from scan-to-BIM process to virtual and augmented reality. 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Virtual Archaeology Review, 7(15), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.5846Georgopoulos, A., (2018a). Contemporary Digital Technologies at the Service of Cultural Heritage. In B. Chanda, S. Chaudhuri, S. Chaudhury (Eds.), Heritage Preservation (pp. 1-20). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7221-5_1Georgopoulos, A., Ioannidis, C., Soile, S., Tapeinaki, S., Chliverou, R., Moropoulou, A., Tsilimantou, E., & Lampropoulos, K. (2018b). The role of Digital Geometric Documentation in the Rehabilitation of the Tomb of Christ. In 3rd International Congress & Expo Digital Heritage 2018. https://10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2018.8810044Grussenmeyer, P., Landes, T., Voegtle, T., & Ringle, K. (2008). Comparison Methods of Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Photogrammetry and Tacheometry Data for Recording of Cultural Heritage Buildings. 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Linking HBIM graphical and semantic information through the Getty AAT: Practical application to the Castle of Torrelobatón. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 364, No. 1, p. 012100). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012100Masiero, A., Chiabrando, F., Lingua, A. M., Marino, B. G., Fissore, F., Guarnieri, A., & Vettore, A. (2019). 3D modeling of Girifalco Fortress. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W9, 473-478, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W9-473-2019Nieto Julián, J. E., & Moyano Campos, J. J. (2013). La necesidad de un modelo de información aplicado al patrimonio arquitectónico. In 1er Congreso Nacional BIM-EUBIM. Valencia, Spain. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4979/bf843da620460cdaa4c3520acd5d5ad8a23c.pdfNieto Julián, J., & Moyano Campos, J. (2014). The paramental study on the model of information of historic building or "HBIM Project". 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Building information modelling – A novel parametric modeling approach based on 3D surveys of historic architecture

Building Information Modelling (BIM) appears to be the best answer to simplify the traditional process of design, construction, management and maintenance. On the other hand, the intricate reality of the built heritage and the growing need to represent the actual geometry using 3D models collide with the new paradigms of complexity and accuracy, opening a novel operative perspective for restoration and conservation. The management of complexity through BIM requires a new management approach focused on the development of improve the environmental impact cost, reduction and increase in productivity and efficiency the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry. This structure is quantifiable in morphological and typical terms by establishing levels of development and detail (LoDs) and changes of direction (ReversLoDs) to support the different stages of life cycle (LCM). Starting from different experiences in the field of HBIM, this research work proposes a dynamic parametric modeling approach that involves the use of laser scanning, photogrammetric data and advanced modelling for HBIM

HBIM MODELLING FOR AN HISTORICAL URBAN CENTRE

The research in the geospatial data structuring and formats interoperability direction is the crucial task for creating a 3D Geodatabase at the urban scale. Both geometric and semantic data structuring should be considered, mainly regarding the interoperability of objects and formats generated outside the geographical space. Current reflections on 3D database generation, based on geospatial data, are mostly related to visualisation issues and context-related application. The purposes and scale of representation according to LoDs require some reflections, particularly for the transmission of semantic information. This contribution adopts and develops the integration of some tools to derive object-oriented modelling in the HBIM environment, both at the urban and architectural scale, from point clouds obtained by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry. One of the paper’s objectives is retracing the analysis phases of the point clouds acquired by UAV photogrammetry technique and their suitability for multiscale modelling. Starting from UAV clouds, through the optimisation and segmentation, the proposed workflow tries to trigger the modelling of the objects according to the LODs, comparing the one coming from CityGML and the one in use in the BIM community. The experimentation proposed is focused on the case study of the city of Norcia, which like many other historic centres spread over the territory of central Italy, was deeply damaged by the 2016-17 earthquake

HBIM MODELLING FOR AN HISTORICAL URBAN CENTRE

Abstract. The research in the geospatial data structuring and formats interoperability direction is the crucial task for creating a 3D Geodatabase at the urban scale. Both geometric and semantic data structuring should be considered, mainly regarding the interoperability of objects and formats generated outside the geographical space. Current reflections on 3D database generation, based on geospatial data, are mostly related to visualisation issues and context-related application. The purposes and scale of representation according to LoDs require some reflections, particularly for the transmission of semantic information.This contribution adopts and develops the integration of some tools to derive object-oriented modelling in the HBIM environment, both at the urban and architectural scale, from point clouds obtained by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry.One of the paper's objectives is retracing the analysis phases of the point clouds acquired by UAV photogrammetry technique and their suitability for multiscale modelling. Starting from UAV clouds, through the optimisation and segmentation, the proposed workflow tries to trigger the modelling of the objects according to the LODs, comparing the one coming from CityGML and the one in use in the BIM community. The experimentation proposed is focused on the case study of the city of Norcia, which like many other historic centres spread over the territory of central Italy, was deeply damaged by the 2016-17 earthquake

Procedural Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) For Recording and Documenting European Classical Architecture

Procedural Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a new approach for modelling historic buildings which develops full building information models from remotely sensed data. HBIM consists of a novel library of reusable parametric objects, based on historic architectural data and a system for mapping these library objects to survey data. Using concepts from procedural modelling, a new set of rules and algorithms have been developed to automatically combine HBIM library objects and generate different building arrangements by altering parameters. This is a semi-automatic process where the required building structure and objects are first automatically generated and then refined to match survey data. The encoding of architectural rules and proportions into procedural modelling rules helps to reduce the amount of further manual editing that is required. The ability to transfer survey data such as building footprints or cut-sections directly into a procedural modelling rule also greatly reduces the amount of further editing required. These capabilities of procedural modelling enable a more automated and efficient overall workflow for reconstructing BIM geometry from point cloud data. This document outlines the research carried out to evaluate the suitability of a procedural modelling approach for improving the process of reconstructing building geometry from point clouds. To test this hypothesis, three procedural modelling prototypes were designed and implemented for BIM software. Quantitative accuracy testing and qualitative end-user scenario testing methods were used to evaluate the research hypothesis. The results obtained indicate that procedural modelling has potential for achieving more accurate, automated and easier generation of BIM geometry from point clouds

Experimental workflow for the creation of a non-conventional open source HBIM platform integrating metric data and stratigraphic analysis: the case study of the refectory of Santa Maria di Staffarda Abbey

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

From 3D content models to HBIM for conservation and management of built heritage

open1openOreni, D.Oreni, Daniel

Acciones de conservación de lugares patrimoniales a partir de datos gestionados con HBIM

[EN] Digital surveying tools provide a highly accurate geometric representation of cultural heritage sites in the form of point cloud data. With the recent advances in interoperability between point cloud data and Building Information Modelling (BIM), digital heritage researchers have introduced the Heritage/Historic Information Modelling (HBIM) notion to the field. As heritage data require safeguarding strategies to ensure their sustainability, the process is closely tied to conservation actions in the architectural conservation field. Focusing on the intersection of the ongoing trends in HBIM research and the global needs for heritage conservation actions, this paper tackles methodological pipelines for the data-driven management of archaeological heritage places. It illustrates how HBIM discourse could be beneficial for easing value-based decision-making in the conservation process. It introduces digital data-driven conservation actions by implementing a novel methodology for ancient building remains in Erythrae archaeological site (Turkey). The research ranges from a) surveying the in-situ remains and surrounding stones of the Heroon remains with digital photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning to b) designing a database system for building archaeology. The workflow offers high geometric fidelity and management of non-geometric heritage data by testing out the suitability and feasibility for the study of material culture and the physical assessment of archaeological building remains. This methodology is a fully data-enriched NURBS-based (non-uniform rational basis spline) three-dimensional (3D) model which is integrated and operational in the BIM environment for the holistic conservation process. Using a state-of-the-art digital heritage approach can be applied from raw data (initial stages) to decision-making about an archaeological heritage site (final stages). In conclusion, the paper offers a method for data-driven conservation actions, and given its methodological framework, it lends itself particularly well to HBIM-related solutions for building archaeology.[ES] Las herramientas topográficas digitales proporcionan una representación geométrica muy exacta de sitios patrimoniales en forma de datos (nubes de puntos). Con los avances recientes de interoperabilidad entre nubes de puntos y modelado de información de la construcción (BIM), los investigadores en patrimonio digital han introducido la noción de modelado de información de la construcción patrimonial/histórica (HBIM) en este campo. Como los datos patrimoniales requieren estrategias de salvaguardia que garanticen su sostenibilibidad, el proceso está íntimamente ligado a acciones de conservación en el campo de la conservación arquitectónica. Teniendo en cuenta las últimas tendencias en investigación HBIM y las necesidades globales de las acciones de conservación patrimonial, este artículo afronta el flujo metodológico de la gestión basada en datos de sitios patrimoniales arqueológicos. Se introducen acciones de conservación basadas en datos que implementan una metodología novedosa en los restos edificados del sitio arqueológico de Erythrae (Turquía). La investigación aborda tanto la fase desde a) el topografiado in situ de los restos y las piedras circundantes de los restos de Heroon con fotogrametría digital y escaneado láser terrestre, hasta b) la fase del diseño del sistema de bases de datos en arqueología de la arquitectura. El flujo de trabajo ofrece alta fidelidad geométrica y de gestión de datos patrimoniales no geométricos; también prueba la idoneidad y viabilidad de cara al estudio de la cultura material y a la evaluación física de los restos de edificios arqueológicos. El modelo tridimensional (3D) enriquecido con datos basados en NURBS ( non-uniform rational B-splines ), se demuestra que es operativo en el proceso de conservación integral; este trata desde los datos sin procesar hasta la toma de decisiones sobre un sitio arqueológico-patrimonial, utilizando un procedimiento digital puntero. En conclusión, el artículo presenta un método orientado a acciones de conservación basadas en datos y, dado su marco metodológico, se presta particularmente bien a soluciones relacionadas con HBIM en arqueología de la arquitectura.Saricaoglu, T.; Saygi, G. (2022). Data-driven conservation actions of heritage places curated with HBIM. Virtual Archaeology Review. 13(27):17-32. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2022.17370OJS1732132

GEOMATIC CONTRIBUTION FOR THE RESTORATION PROJECT OF THE VALENTINO CASTLE GREEN ROOM. FROM DATA ACQUISITION TO INTEGRATED DOCUMENTATION

In the framework of restoration operations, valuable assistance can be supplied from innovative techniques and methods developed in the field of Geomatics. Over the years, this continuous collaboration has produced synergistic and interdisciplinary results that have been successfully contributing to heritage conservation and valorisation. In the case of the current research, thorough multisensory investigations have been performed in order to provide a deeper knowledge of the Green Room of the Valentino Castle in Turin and to support the planning of the future restoration works that will involve this valuable asset. In the framework of this experience, four LiDAR systems have been employed in order to evaluate the different results obtainable from the sensors. Additionally, a complete photogrammetric close-range survey has been carried out, and some tests were completed using a hyperspectral camera. The workflow followed during the current research is described in this paper, and a comparison between the obtained outputs is proposed, focusing on the characteristics of these metric products, useful and sometimes necessary in the framework of the restoration project. Besides, some considerations on the advantages and the issues connected with the use of these reality-based data as a starting point for HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) model generation are proposed, along with some observations about the potentialities of a photogrammetric co-registration approach using spectrum technologies for deterioration/decay detection and monitoring of heritage