5 research outputs found

    Energetics and Dynamics Across the Bcl-2-Regulated Apoptotic Pathway Reveal Distinct Evolutionary Determinants of Specificity and Affinity

    Get PDF
    Critical regulatory pathways are replete with instances of intra- and interfamily protein-protein interactions due to the pervasiveness of gene duplication throughout evolution. Discerning the specificity determinants within these systems has proven a challenging task. Here, we present an energetic analysis of the specificity determinants within the Bcl-2 family of proteins (key regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway) via a total of ∌20 ÎŒs of simulation of 60 distinct protein-protein complexes. We demonstrate where affinity and specificity of protein-protein interactions arise across the family, and corroborate our conclusions with extensive experimental evidence. We identify energy and specificity hotspots that may offer valuable guidance in the design of targeted therapeutics for manipulating the protein-protein interactions within the apoptosis-regulating pathway. Moreover, we propose a conceptual framework that allows us to quantify the relationship between sequence, structure, and binding energetics. This approach may represent a general methodology for investigating other paralogous protein-protein interaction sites.</p

    Untersuchung zur immunmodulierenden Wirkung von Milchsaft aus Euphorbia mauritanica L. auf humane Hautzellen

    Get PDF
    Die vorliegende Arbeit dient der Untersuchung zur immunmodulierenden Wirkung von Milchsaft aus Euphorbia mauritanica L. auf humane Hautzellen. MilchsĂ€fte der Pflanzenfamilie Euphorbiaceae gehören zu den am stĂ€rksten entzĂŒndungsauslösenden PflanzensĂ€ften im gesamten Pflanzenreich. EntzĂŒndliche Haut- und Augenreaktionen nach dem Kontakt mit MilchsĂ€ften einiger Euphorbiaceae, wie z.B. dem von Hippomane mancinella L., sind ein massives Problem fĂŒr Menschen, die in unmittelbarer NĂ€he zu diesen Pflanzen leben und mit ihnen in Kontakt kommen. Neben Proteinen wie Proteasen, Lysozym und Chitinasen beinhalten die MilchsĂ€fte der Euphorbiaceae auch sekundĂ€re Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe wie Diterpene, Zucker, Alkaloide oder Polyterpene. Da die Ursachen der Immunreaktionen auf die MilchsĂ€fte bisher nicht geklĂ€rt ist, sollte in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Milchsaft von Euphorbia mauritanica L. (Euphorbiaceae) auf seine immunmodulierende Wirkung an humanen Hautzellen untersucht werden. Neben den G-Protein-gekoppelten Protease-aktivierten Rezeptor 2 (PAR2) ist auch die Aktivierung der PKC durch Diterpene geeignet, EntzĂŒndungsreaktionen auslösen zu können. Mögliche synergistische EinflĂŒsse sollten dahingehend untersucht werden. Dazu wurde zunĂ€chst ein humanes Hautmodell entwickelt, um Informationen ĂŒber die immunmodulierende Wirkung des verdĂŒnnten Milchsaftes von E. mauritanica zu erhalten. Desweiteren wurde an HaCaT-Keratinozyten und primĂ€ren humanen dermalen Fibroblasten untersucht, ob es einen gemeinsamen Effekt in der EntzĂŒndungsmediation zwischen der in E. mauritanica stark exprimierten Protease Mauritanicain und dem Diterpen Phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetat gibt. Dazu wurde die relative Freisetzung von IL-8 Parameter zur EntzĂŒndungsauslösung gemessen und mit dem positiven PAR2 Agonisten 2-Furoyl-LIGRLO-Amid verglichen. In der vorliegenden Dissertation konnte zusĂ€tzlich die AminosĂ€uresequenz von der Subtilisin-like Protease Mauritanicain aufgeklĂ€rt werden

    Substrate-Driven Mapping of the Degradome by Comparison of Sequence Logos

    Get PDF
    <div><p>Sequence logos are frequently used to illustrate substrate preferences and specificity of proteases. Here, we employed the compiled substrates of the MEROPS database to introduce a novel metric for comparison of protease substrate preferences. The constructed similarity matrix of 62 proteases can be used to intuitively visualize similarities in protease substrate readout via principal component analysis and construction of protease specificity trees. Since our new metric is solely based on substrate data, we can engraft the protease tree including proteolytic enzymes of different evolutionary origin. Thereby, our analyses confirm pronounced overlaps in substrate recognition not only between proteases closely related on sequence basis but also between proteolytic enzymes of different evolutionary origin and catalytic type. To illustrate the applicability of our approach we analyze the distribution of targets of small molecules from the ChEMBL database in our substrate-based protease specificity trees. We observe a striking clustering of annotated targets in tree branches even though these grouped targets do not necessarily share similarity on protein sequence level. This highlights the value and applicability of knowledge acquired from peptide substrates in drug design of small molecules, e.g., for the prediction of off-target effects or drug repurposing. Consequently, our similarity metric allows to map the degradome and its associated drug target network via comparison of known substrate peptides. The substrate-driven view of protein-protein interfaces is not limited to the field of proteases but can be applied to any target class where a sufficient amount of known substrate data is available.</p></div
    corecore