7 research outputs found
Essays on Experimental Economics for the Environment and Economics of Privacy
Im 21. Jahrhundert bestehen zwei Hauptherausforderungen der ökonomischen Forschung darin,
effektive Lösung für die Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation und für die Eindämmung des
menschengemachten Klimawandels aufzuzeigen. Die Forschung zur digitalen
Transformationen ist eng mit verschiedenen Datenschutz- (oder Privatsphäre-)relevanten
Fragestellungen verbunden, die sich vorwiegend auf die Präferenzen und Entscheidungen von
Einzelpersonen beziehen. Im Gegensatz dazu befasst sich die Forschung zum Klimawandel
damit, welche Faktoren eine effektive Kooperation zwischen mehreren Individuen erschweren
und wie gemeinsame Ziele, wie die Begrenzung des Klimawandels, erreicht werden können.
Die Verbindung zwischen Datenschutz- und Umweltökonomie besteht darin, dass viele digitale
Technologien das Potential haben, positive externe Effekte zu erzeugen, die zur Bereitstellung
oder Erhaltung öffentlicher Güter beitragen können. Oftmals sind diese digitalen Technologien
jedoch dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre Nutzung die Offenlegung persönlicher Informationen
erfordert. Der potentielle Erfolg dieser Technologien und institutionellen Mechanismen hängt
daher weitgehend von der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz gegenüber diesen Technologien und
institutionellen Mechanismen ab.
Jeder Artikel in dieser kumulativen Dissertation leistet einen Beitrag zu der übergeordneten
Fragestellung, inwiefern ökonomische Experimente dazu beitragen können, die Effizienz von
Institutionen und Technologien, die öffentliche Güter bereitstellen oder erhalten können, zu
evaluieren und potentiell zu steigern. Im ersten Artikel wird untersucht, ob der
Publikationsprozess von Fachzeitschriften im Bereich der experimentellen Ökonomik
verbessert werden kann. Die weiteren fünf Artikel befassen sich direkt oder indirekt mit
unterschiedlichen, aber miteinander verbundenen Problemstellungen zu öffentlichen Gütern,
die eng mit Fragen zum Datenschutz oder Umweltfragen verbunden sind. Methodisch sind die
sechs Artikel dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie die experimentelle Methode entweder direkt für
ihre individuellen Forschungsfragen anwenden oder die Ergebnisse der experimentellen
Literatur nutzen, um Hypothesen abzuleiten und empirische Ergebnisse in spezifischen
Datenschutz-relevanten Kontexten zu erklären.
Im Bereich des Datenschutzes werden in der Dissertation Faktoren identifiziert, die die
Weitergabe von Daten in verschiedenen Smartphone-Apps aus Schlüsselindustrien der
digitalen Transformation und auf Arbeitgeberbewertungsplattformen beeinflussen. Im Bereich
der Umweltökonomie wird im ersten Artikel ein institutioneller Mechanismus vorgeschlagen,
IV
der die Bereitschaft erhöhen kann, zu Recyclingsystemen beizutragen und im zweiten Artikel
wird gezeigt, dass die Möglichkeit, ein öffentliches Gut auszubeuten, die Kooperation zur
Eindämmung des Klimawandels erschweren kann.In the 21st century, two main challenges for economic research are to propose effective
solutions to shape the digital transformation and mitigate human-induced climate change.
Research on digital transformation is closely linked to various privacy-related issues, which
mostly relate to the preferences and decisions of individuals. In contrast, climate change
research examines which factors impede effective cooperation among multiple individuals and
investigates how common goals, such as limiting climate change, can be achieved.
The link between economics of privacy and environmental economics is that many digital
technologies have the potential to generate positive externalities that can contribute to the
provision or maintenance of public goods. However, in many cases these digital technologies
are characterized by the fact that their use requires the disclosure of personal information. The
potential success of these technologies and institutional mechanisms therefore largely depends
on social acceptance towards these technologies and institutional mechanisms.
Each paper in this cumulative dissertation contributes to the broader question of how economic
experiments can contribute to evaluate and potentially increase the efficiency of institutions and
technologies that can provide or maintain public goods. The first paper investigates whether the
publication process of journals in the field of experimental economics can potentially be
improved. The remaining five papers focus directly or indirectly on different but related public
goods problems which are closely linked to privacy or environmental issues. Methodologically,
the six papers share the feature that they either directly apply the experimental method for their
individual research questions or use the results of experimental literature to derive hypotheses
and explain empirical outcomes in specific privacy-related contexts.
In the field of privacy, the dissertation identifies factors that influence data sharing in several
smartphone apps from key industries of the digital transformation and on employer review
platforms. In the area of environmental economics, the first paper proposes an institutional
mechanism that can increase the willingness to contribute to recycling systems, and the second
paper shows that the ability to exploit a public good can impede cooperation to mitigate climate
change
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Cultivating Difference in Early Modern Drama and the Literature of Travel
This dissertation argues that the early modern discourse of conduct, which produced social difference within English households and communities, took on greater importance in a newly global world. In the conduct-obsessed culture of early modern England, two competing and contradictory beliefs about the nature of social difference emerged. The first of these was an ideology of cultivation, a widespread belief that social identity was malleable, that socio-economic status could be determined by measuring an individual's adherence to accepted codes of conduct. The second belief depended upon the idea that social difference was fixed and naturally determined, and thus that somatic differences such as sex and race were deeply significant. For those bearing stigmatized somatic marks, particularly women and non-Europeans, access to cultivating strategies was systematically circumscribed, and this process of socio-economic differentiation was understood as the natural consequence of bodily difference. This dissertation examines the discourse of conduct at work in both domestic and global contexts through early modern English conduct literature, guides to self-improvement through specific cultivating activities or strategies; through plays that stage cultivation as beneficial to self, community, and nation; and through travel writing, where authors attempt to make sense of unfamiliar customs and behaviors. In these works the social and material benefits of cultivation achieved through practices such as good husbandry, educational travel, and hunting for sport are affirmed, even as the limited access of some groups to these same cultivating strategies is reiterated
Bowdoin Orient v.137, no.1-25 (2007-2008)
https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoinorient-2000s/1008/thumbnail.jp
'Conventions are conventions.....’: Some thoughts about the techniques of direction and misdirection – with particular reference to genre features - in the novels of Vladimir Nabokov, and an assessment of their intentions and effects.
The thesis deals with the development of Nabokov's treatment of a number of the more common routes and courses which are traditionally supplied by the author to ease the passage of the reader through fiction. It attempts to show how these marked paths and familiar signposts - 'melodrama,' 'totalitarian novel,' 'biography,' 'erotic confession,' 'critical edition,' 'family chronicle, 'mystery story,' and 'autobiographical confession' - emerge in the books as equally misguiding and misguided. The satisfactory application of such labels is demonstrated as becoming progressively more difficult as the novels proceed, with a rising degree of sophistication, to incorporate distinctive combinations of genre features usually considered as mutually exclusive. Further inquiries into the manner of fictional orientation and location encouraged by this regular disappointment of apparently familiar leads and landmarks, however, is increasingly seen to disclose the underlying procedures and desires of the reader to place and confine narrative. The manner in which Nabokov's reader is repeatedly obliged to return to a non-metaphorical 'first base' by way of these false trails, which seemingly point towards an authoritative text, and there to re-examine his own imaginative input is also traced..... Dull work recounting all this bores me to death. But yearn as I may to reach the crucial point quickly, a few preliminary explanations seem necessary