Electrostatics comfort in buildings and offices: Some experiences and basic rules

[EN] Electrostatic charges may cause several damages to electronic devices, sensible products or processes. They may also lead to electric discharges which represent a hazard for explosive atmospheres or may cause serious problems in equipment in hospitals. For these well-known situations there are standards that give rules and solutions to users and designers. However, there is still a large field of possible electrostatic problems which cannot be classified into damages or dangers but that represent rather a problem of discomfort to users. Some examples are electrostatic discharges in homes, offices, shops, supermarkets, public areas or public car parks. The general solutions proposed in the standards for electrostatic charges in industrial environments, may not be applicable or cost-effective for these situations. These cases represent an original technical problem aimed at solving the troubles caused by electrostatic charges to users. Solutions may be inexpensive, definitive (i.e. without maintenance or requiring very long periods for maintenance) and, in some situations, they may reduce at a maximum their visual impact for esthetical reasons (e.g. the use of coating with conductive black painting are seldom acceptable).This paper will describe some representative examples of electrostatic discomfort in non-standardized environments, gathered after 15 years of experience. Some practical solutions will be proposed.Llovera Segovia, P.; Domínguez-Lagunilla, M.; Fuster Roig, VL.; Quijano-Lopez, A. (2022). Electrostatics comfort in buildings and offices: Some experiences and basic rules. Journal of Electrostatics. 115:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2021.1036501611

Industrial metabolism : a case study of the economics of cadmium control.

Cadmium; Luftverunreinigung; Gewässerbelastung; Bioökonomik; Umweltchemikalie; Stoffstrom-Management; Deutschland;

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The adsorption behaviour of aromatic amine 3-chloroaniline (3-CA) from aqueous solution on fresh potato skin was investigated. A series of batch experiments were conducted under different experimental conditions of contact time, 3-chloroaniline concentration, weight of potato skin, pH, temperature, and ionic strength using RP-HPLC analysis. Adsorption equilibrium of 3-chloroaniline at concentration of 10 µg/mL on 1 g weight of chopped potato skin was achieved in 24 hours. Using different varieties of potato skin showed that the adsorption of 3-CA on Nicola variety is higher compared to Sante and Maris Peer varieties. Adsorption on potato skin was found to be generally higher compared to cortex and pith tissues. Analysis of adsorption isotherm shows that equilibrium data was fitted to Freundlich model (R² = 0.977). Maximum adsorption capacities of 3-chloroaniline were found in the pH range from 3 to 9, whereas low adsorption quantities were found in high acidic and high basic solutions (pH 2 and pH 13, resp.). Adsorption capacity increased with an increase in temperature from 4°C to 30°C but decreased with further increase of temperature to 40°C. Testing the ionic strength showed that increasing the concentration of electrolyte reduces the adsorption efficiency. This study indicated that the fresh potato skin (without any treatment) is possible to use as a new adsorbent for removal of 3-chloroaniline from industrial waste water

Rotational particle separator: a new method for separating fine particles and mists from gases

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The authors find strong evidence that despite weak or nonexistent formal regulation and enforcement of environmental standards, many plants in South and Southeast Asia are clean. At the same time, many plants are among the world's worst polluters. To account for the extreme variation among plants, the authors review evidence from a survey of pollution abatement by 26 pulp and paper plants in four countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and Thailand. They incorporate 3 sets of factors affecting pollution intensity: plant characteristics, economic considerations, and external pressure from the government and private stakeholders. They find that the level of pollution abatement is positively associated with scale and competitiveness, negatively associated with public ownership, and unaffected by foreign links (in ownership or financing). Informal regulation, or community pressure on plants works to abate pollution, with high income being a powerful predictor of effectiveness. Privatization, to the extent that it increases plant efficiency, can significantly improve environmental performance. To prevent environmental injustice in poor or marginalized communities, the authors conclude, governments may want to consider strategies for improving their participation, and may want to target regulation to address pollution problems among them.Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Water Conservation,Pollution Management&Control,Sanitation and Sewerage,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Pollution Management&Control,Sanitation and Sewerage,TF030632-DANISH CTF - FY05 (DAC PART COUNTRIES GNP PER CAPITA BELOW USD 2,500/AL

Lunar beneficiation

Natural concentrations of industrially valuable minerals are far less likely to be found on the Moon than on the Earth. But that is all the more reason for devising beneficiation processes to concentrate and extract the useful mineral components in lunar rocks and soils. As an example of a useful mineral that can be beneficiated, it has been estimated that ilmenite abundance accounts for 15 and 20 percent of the volume of the Apollo 11 and 17 basalts and 2 and 5 percent by volume in the Apollo 11 and 17 soils. Reduction of lunar ilmenite with hydrogen imported from Earth appears to one of the more practical schemes for obtaining lunar oxygen. While the reported concentrations are significant, a more highly concentrated ilmenite extract would improve the efficiency of the reduction process. The topics covered include electrostatic concentration, magnetic concentration, lunar soil sizing, and electrical sizing