Space–time prism and accessibility incorporating monetary budget and Mobility-as-a-Service

Recent years in time geography have witnessed a flourishment of space–time prism (STP) modeling extensions for enhancing realism. However, there is little research on the incorporation of monetary budget in STP models to capture personal potential mobility space more realistically. This study considers both time and monetary budget constraints in STP modeling in a multimodal supernetwork integrating mobility-as-a-service and trip chains. We develop an efficient two-stage bi-criterion bidirectional search method to identify Pareto path sets to construct the resulting STP for conducting a flexible activity between two anchor nodes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution method, a case study with varying scenarios is conducted to evaluate the impacts of monetary budget on space–time accessibility and equality. The findings show that the ignorance of monetary budget overestimates accessibility and that MaaS, if not well designed, may not improve equality in accessibility as intended.</p

A Method Using GIS Integrated Voronoi Diagrams for Commuter Rail Station Identification: A Case Study from Brasilia (Brazil)

AbstractThis article describes a station location method for a commuter rail system applying a GIS integrated Voronoi diagrams. The method comes from a previously defined track line and considers the stations area coverage. As parameters to define area coverage we first used the point density representing the maximum concentrated activity area. We also use the trip generating rate weights for point density. The method was applied to Brasilia Metropolitan Area, and the final product was a “T” Trunk-Feeder framework that allows an integrated transportation system planning considering others existing transit systems. The stations were classified according to their degree of activities density and its importance for integration. The “T” Trunk-Feeder is a representation of the commuter rail network and the Trunk-Distribution is the transport network responsible for distributing the passengers in central business district - CDB. The proposed model features 69km extension, with the estimated total travel time of 62minutes, and 17 stations being integrated into 2 metro, 4 integrated into LRT stations and 3 integrated into the bus stops

Investigating walking accessibility to recreational amenities for elderly people in Nanjing, China

Taking into account the rapidly aging demographic landscape in China, securing elderly’s right to participate in society has become an urgent challenge. Geographical access to urban amenities is known to influence social participation and integration. However, the application of accessibility analysis to elderly population in China has received little attention to date. This study examines the walking accessibility to recreational amenities for older adults in the Chinese context with an explicit focus on equity. Building on empirically-based estimates of a cumulative opportunity approach, we calculate the levels of accessibility at the traffic analysis zone level, evaluate how accessibility varies across age cohorts, and present the distribution of accessibility across zones. To this end, we draw on the 2015 Nanjing Travel Survey and the city’s GIS database. Instead of assuming a fixed threshold, this paper applies a spatial expansion model to allow for person- and location-specific walking distances to measure accessibility. The spatial disparities in access to recreational amenities are evaluated using the notion of vertical equity for identifying areas that are better-off or worse-off. Our results show pronounced distributional effects of current land-use and transportation policies for different age cohorts. In particular, elderly people experience lower accessibility to chess/card rooms and urban parks than their younger counterparts. The empirical evidence in this research can inform planning and policy interventions and feed current scientific debates on the role of accessibility in addressing social inclusion for an age-friendly society

Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users

Accessibility has been of critical importance to physical planning over the past 60 years. This study mainly focuses a spatial methodology framework to understand measure and model the Park and Ride (PnR) users’ accessibility to train stations, specifically including the characteristics of catchment areas, directional accessibility to train stations, spatial modelling of train stations’ catchment areas, and spatio-temporal modelling of accessibility to train stations

An application of Geographic Information System for supporting tourism development along the Southeast Asian East-West Economic Corridor

Der Southeast Asia (SEA) East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) ist ein herausragender Landweg, der vier Länder umfasst: Myanmar, Thailand, Laos und Vietnam. Er wird von mehreren Korridoren gekreuzt und fungiert daher als Anschlussstelle und Verkehrskreuz in der SEA Region. Um die wirtschaftliche Expansion zu steigern und den Umsatz unter den EWEC Nationen zu fördern, wurde die Entwicklung des Tourismus auf dieser Strecke verstärkt. Der EWEC befindet sich in der potenziellen Peripherie-Region und durchquert mehrere Länder. Diese besitzen sehr malerische Werte aus natürlichen und historischen Ressourcen, traditionellen Kulturen und einem unverwechselbaren Lebensstil. Aber viele dieser Orte waren bisher kein vorrangiges Tourismusziel. Einigen von ihnen fehlt noch die nötige Infrastruktur, um Besucher anzuziehen. Diese Arbeit zielt primär auf die Evaluierung des touristischen Attraktivitätspotenzials entlang des EWEC mittels eines GIS-basiertem analytischen Hierarchieprozesses (AHP), Multi-Kriterien Evaluierung (MCE) und Netzwerk-Analyse. Darüber hinaus erweitert die Studie die früheren Ergebnisse um die einflussreichen Faktoren, die die möglichen Touristenattraktionen untersuchen. Die Bereiche, denen es an der nötigen Infrastruktur fehlt, vor allem in der Provinz Savannakhet, Laos, werden aufgezeigt und für den Ausbau neuer möglicher Standorte der öffentlichen Dienstleistungen und Investitionen der Tourismusindustrie unterstützt. Das GIS Analysetool für Location-Allokation kann dabei die Entwicklung vernachlässigter Sehenswürdigkeiten einschließlich der schwach entwickelten peripheren Regionen entlang des Korridors unterstützen. Schließlich wurden sechs Reiserouten-Modelle entwickelt für nationale und internationale Reisen in der EWEC Region: Fischgräten- Muster, Radius-Muster, Zielbereich-Schleife, Möbius-Schleife, Gabel-Reiseroute und komplexes Touring. Diese Modelle wurden im ArcGIS Network Analyst für die Suche nach praktischen optimalen Routen in Bezug auf Distanz und Zeit implementiert. Auf die 26 prioritären aus den ersten Ergebnissen gewonnenen Destinationen wurden die EWEC Reiseroute Modelle angewandt. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die GIS-basierten Netzwerk-Analyse ein potenzielles erstes Hilfsmittel für die Tourenplanung ist. Die gesamten Ergebnisse dieser Studie bieten einen Einblick in die derzeitige Situation im Tourismussektor des EWEC und unterstützen dessen Planung und Entwicklung in der ganzen EWEC-Region. Diese Strategien sind auch flexibel, um in anderen Regionen auf der ganzen Welt angewendet zu werden.The Southeast Asia (SEA) East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) is an outstanding land route stretching across four countries; Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam. It is also intersected by several corridors and consequently supports interchange nodes and linkage of main hubs in the SEA region. To boost the economic expansion and increase revenue among these EWEC nations, the tourism development on this route has been raised. The EWEC is located in the potential periphery region and have highly scenic values composed of natural and historical resources, traditional cultures and distinctive lifestyles. However many of these sites have not been a priority destination. Some of them are still lack of tourism facility services and attractiveness in terms of potential evaluation to attract visitors. The present study aims firstly to evaluate tourist attractions’ potential along the EWEC region by applying GIS-based multiple models- analytic hierarchy process (AHP), multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and network analysis. In addition, the study extends the previous results to investigate the influential factors affecting potential tourist attractions. Then, the areas lacking of facility services- mainly in the Savannakhet province, Lao PDR- are displayed and supported for expanding new possible locations of public services and investments of tourism industry. The GIS location-allocation analysis tool was used to support development of neglected tourism attractions including the weak peripheral areas throughout the main route. Finally, the six EWEC tourist itinerary models are developed - En-route pattern, Radius Destination, Destination Area Loop, Möbius Loop, Open Jaw Itinerary and Complex Touring- to accommodate domestic and international traveling in this region. These models are implemented in ArcGIS Network Analyst for finding practically optimal routes in terms of distance and time saving. The 26 prioritized tourist sites obtained from the first results are selected to run on the EWEC itinerary models. Our results show that the GIS-based network analysis is a potential tool to tourist initial travelling planning. The total outcomes of this study provide insights into the EWEC current situations of tourism sector and support tourism planning and development on the EWEC region as a whole. These strategies are also flexible to be applied in other regions around the world

Modelling the spatial-temporal movement of tourists

Tourism is one of the most rapidly developing industries in the world. The study of spatio-temporal movement models of tourists are undertaken in variety of disciplines such as tourism, geography, mathematics, economics and artificial intelligence. Knowledge from these different fields has been difficult to integrate because tourist movement research has been conducted at different spatial and temporal scales. This thesis establishes a methodology for modelling the spatial-temporal movement of tourists and defines the spatial-temporal movement of tourists at both the macro and micro level. At the macro level, the sequence of tourist movements is modelled and the trend for tourist movements is predicted based on Markov Chain theory (MC). Log-linear models are then adopted to test the significance of the movement patterns of tourists. Tourism market segmentation based on the significant movement patterns of tourists is implemented using the EM (Expectation-Maximisation) algorithm. At the micro level, this thesis investigates the wayfinding decision-making processes of tourists. Four wayfinding models are developed and the relationships between the roles of landmarks and wayfinding decision-making are also discussed for each type of the wayfinding processes. The transition of a tourist movement between the macro and micro levels was examined based on the spatio-temporal zooming theory. A case study of Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia is undertaken to implement and evaluate the tourist movement models established in this thesis. Two surveys were conducted on Phillip Island to collect the macro and micro level movement data of tourists. As results show particular groups of tourists travelling with the same movement patterns have unique characteristics such as age and travel behaviours such as mode of transport. Effective tour packages can be designed based on significant movement patterns and the corresponding target markets. Tourists with various age groups, residency, gender and different levels of familiarity with physical environment have different wayfinding behaviours. The results of this study have been applied to tourism management on Phillip Island and the novel methods developed in this thesis have proved to be useful in improving park facilities and services provided to tourists, in designing tour packages for tourism market promotion and in understanding tourist wayfinding behaviours

Abnormal Trajectory-Gap Detection: A Summary (Short Paper)

Given trajectories with gaps (i.e., missing data), we investigate algorithms to identify abnormal gaps for testing possible hypotheses of anomalous regions. Here, an abnormal gap within a trajectory is defined as an area where a given moving object did not report its location, but other moving objects did periodically. The problem is important due to its societal applications, such as improving maritime safety and regulatory enforcement for global security concerns such as illegal fishing, illegal oil transfer, and trans-shipments. The problem is challenging due to the difficulty of interpreting missing data within a trajectory gap, and the high computational cost of detecting gaps in such a large volume of location data proves computationally very expensive. The current literature assumes linear interpolation within gaps, which may not be able to detect abnormal gaps since objects within a given region may have traveled away from their shortest path. To overcome this limitation, we propose an abnormal gap detection (AGD) algorithm that leverages the concepts of a space-time prism model where we assume space-time interpolation. We then propose a refined memoized abnormal gap detection (Memo-AGD) algorithm that reduces comparison operations. We validated both algorithms using synthetic and real-world data. The results show that abnormal gaps detected by our algorithms give better estimates of abnormality than linear interpolation and can be used for further investigation from the human analysts