Review of the environmental and organisational implications of cloud computing: final report.

Cloud computing – where elastic computing resources are delivered over the Internet by external service providers – is generating significant interest within HE and FE. In the cloud computing business model, organisations or individuals contract with a cloud computing service provider on a pay-per-use basis to access data centres, application software or web services from any location. This provides an elasticity of provision which the customer can scale up or down to meet demand. This form of utility computing potentially opens up a new paradigm in the provision of IT to support administrative and educational functions within HE and FE. Further, the economies of scale and increasingly energy efficient data centre technologies which underpin cloud services means that cloud solutions may also have a positive impact on carbon footprints. In response to the growing interest in cloud computing within UK HE and FE, JISC commissioned the University of Strathclyde to undertake a Review of the Environmental and Organisational Implications of Cloud Computing in Higher and Further Education [19]

Multi-dimensional key generation of ICMetrics for cloud computing

Despite the rapid expansion and uptake of cloud based services, lack of trust in the provenance of such services represents a significant inhibiting factor in the further expansion of such service. This paper explores an approach to assure trust and provenance in cloud based services via the generation of digital signatures using properties or features derived from their own construction and software behaviour. The resulting system removes the need for a server to store a private key in a typical Public/Private-Key Infrastructure for data sources. Rather, keys are generated at run-time by features obtained as service execution proceeds. In this paper we investigate several potential software features for suitability during the employment of a cloud service identification system. The generation of stable and unique digital identity from features in Cloud computing is challenging because of the unstable operation environments that implies the features employed are likely to vary under normal operating conditions. To address this, we introduce a multi-dimensional key generation technology which maps from multi-dimensional feature space directly to a key space. Subsequently, a smooth entropy algorithm is developed to evaluate the entropy of key space

Dependability Models for Designing Disaster Tolerant Cloud Computing Systems

Abstract—Hundreds of natural disasters occur in many parts of the world every year, causing billions of dollars in damages. This fact contrasts with the high availability requirement of cloud computing systems, and, to protect such systems from unforeseen catastrophe, a recovery plan requires the utilization of different data centers located far enough apart. However, the time to migrate a VM from a data center to another increases due to distance. This work presents dependability models for evaluating distributed cloud computing systems deployed into multiple data centers considering disaster occurrence. Additionally, we present a case study which evaluates several scenarios with different VM migration times and distances between data centers. Keywords-cloud computing; dependability evaluation; stochastic Petri nets; I

Redundant VoD Streaming Service in a Private Cloud: Availability Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis

For several years cloud computing has been generating considerable debate and interest within IT corporations. Since cloud computing environments provide storage and processing systems that are adaptable, efficient, and straightforward, thereby enabling rapid infrastructure modifications to be made according to constantly varying workloads, organizations of every size and type are migrating to web-based cloud supported solutions. Due to the advantages of the pay-per-use model and scalability factors, current video on demand (VoD) streaming services rely heavily on cloud infrastructures to offer a large variety of multimedia content. Recent well documented failure events in commercial VoD services have demonstrated the fundamental importance of maintaining high availability in cloud computing infrastructures, and hierarchical modeling has proved to be a useful tool for evaluating the availability of complex systems and services. This paper presents an availability model for a video streaming service deployed in a private cloud environment which includes redundancy mechanisms in the infrastructure. Differential sensitivity analysis was applied to identify and rank the critical components of the system with respect to service availability. The results demonstrate that such a modeling strategy combined with differential sensitivity analysis can be an attractive methodology for identifying which components should be supported with redundancy in order to consciously increase system dependability

Detecting TCP SYN Flood Attack in the Cloud

In this paper, an approach to protecting virtual machines (VMs) against TCP SYN flood attack in a cloud environment is proposed. An open source cloud platform Eucalyptus is deployed and experimentation is carried out on this setup. We investigate attacks emanating from one VM to another in a multi-tenancy cloud environment. Various scenarios of the attack are executed on a webserver VM. To detect such attacks from a cloud provider’s perspective, a security mechanism involving a packet sniffer, feature extraction process, a classifier and an alerting component is proposed and implemented. We experiment with k-nearest neighbor and artificial neural network for classification of the attack. The dataset obtained from the attacks on the webserver VM is passed through the classifiers. The artificial neural network produced a F1 score of 1 with the test cases implying a 100% detection accuracy of the malicious attack traffic from legitimate traffic. The proposed security mechanism shows promising results in detecting TCP SYN flood attack behaviors in the cloud

A survey on elasticity management in PaaS systems

[EN] Elasticity is a goal of cloud computing. An elastic system should manage in an autonomic way its resources, being adaptive to dynamic workloads, allocating additional resources when workload is increased and deallocating resources when workload decreases. PaaS providers should manage resources of customer applications with the aim of converting those applications into elastic services. This survey identifies the requirements that such management imposes on a PaaS provider: autonomy, scalability, adaptivity, SLA awareness, composability and upgradeability. This document delves into the variety of mechanisms that have been proposed to deal with all those requirements. Although there are multiple approaches to address those concerns, providers main goal is maximisation of profits. This compels providers to look for balancing two opposed goals: maximising quality of service and minimising costs. 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Detecting Software Aging in a Cloud Computing Framework by Comparing Development Versions

Abstract-Software aging, i.e. degradation of software performance or functionality caused by resource depletion is usually discovered only in the production scenario. This incurs large costs and delays of defect removal and requires provisional solutions such as rejuvenation (controlled restarts). We propose a method for detecting aging problems shortly after their introduction by runtime comparisons of different development versions of the same software. Possible aging issues are discovered by analyzing the differences in runtime traces of selected metrics. The required comparisons are workload-independent which minimizes the additional effort of dedicated stress tests. Consequently, the method requires only minimal changes to the traditional development and testing process. This paves the way to detecting such problems before public releases, greatly reducing the cost of defect fixing. Our study focuses on the memory leaks of Eucalyptus, a popular open source framework for managing cloud computing environments

Profile Management System in Ubiquitous Healthcare Cloud Computing Environment

A shift from the doctor-centric model to a patient-centric model is required to face the challenges of the healthcare sector. The vision of patient-centric model can be materialized integrating ubiquitous healthcare and the notion of personalization in services. Cloud computing can be the underlying technology for ubiquitous healthcare. The use of profiles enables the personalization in healthcare services and the use of profile management systems facilitates the deployment of these services. In this paper, we propose a profile management system in ubiquitous healthcare cloud computing environment. The proposed system exploits the cloud computing technology and the smart card technology to increase the efficiency and the quality of the provided healthcare services in the context of the patient-centric model. Furthermore, we propose generic healthcare profile structures corresponding to the main classes of the participating entities in a ubiquitous healthcare cloud computing environment