Smart antenna beamforming network

Smart Antenna with RF beamforming capability can greatly improve the performance of the vehicle communication system by providing better link quality and high immunity to interference. Butler Matrix is a well-known beamforming network. It can be used for multibeam antennas. The Butler Matrix increases the system capacity and provides higher signal to interference ratio, consequently enhancing the overall system performance. Several studies have been conducted related to the cascading Butler Matrix. In an Multi Port Amplifier (MPA) application, a signal entering one port of the Butler Matrix is divided into equal parts. The signal is then amplified by all the amplifiers and then recombined by the combining Butler Matrix at the output port that corresponds to the particular input port.Suarez also reported that the introduction of the cascading Butler Matrices improves the performance of antenna parameters such as cross over and beam orthogonality

Smart antennas: state of the art

Aim of this contribution is to illustrate the state of the art of smart antenna research from several perspectives. The bow is drawn from transmitter issues via channel measurements and modeling, receiver signal processing, network aspects, technological challenges towards first smart antenna applications and current status of standardization. Moreover, some future prospects of different disciplines in smart antenna research are given.Peer Reviewe

Design and Analysis of a Dynamic Space-Code Multiple Access with Large Area Synchronous Scheme Using the Smart Antenna System

The most important property in wireless systems, when it comes to increase the system capacity and spectrum efficiency, is eliminating interference. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is considered interference-limited system. Spatial filtering using smart antenna has emerged as a promising technique to improve the performance of cellular communication systems; hence, Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) has recently received increasing interest in improving the performance of wireless systems. These interference-limited systems are susceptible to time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) of individual user signals, thus, a non-uniform traffic can severely degrade the performance of CDMA and SDMA systems. In this thesis, new approach of the joint multiple access system arising from the combination of CDMA and SDMA systems is designed, and its system performances are then investigated. An innovative approach to eliminate the existing interferences in this joint multiple access system is proposed. The spreading sequences of Large Area Synchronous Even Ternary (LAS-ET) which exhibited an interference free window (IFW) in their correlation are exploited here. The spatial signature from smart antenna narrower beam is exploited to drive all the multipath propagation signals to arrive within the IFW in reverse link transmission. The size of IFW is adaptable with the size of smart antenna beamwidth through dynamic space code (DSC) algorithm. Hence, this double signatures scheme forms a novel multiple access scheme called Dynamic Space Code Multiple Access (DSCMA) system. From the nature of spatial filtering of smart antenna systems, a dynamic sequence reuse assignment is possible in DSCMA to increase its spectrum efficiency. The non-zero pulse intervals and sequence length of LAS-ET are arranged in even numbers which has demonstrated some performance improvements in ternary phase shift keying (TPSK) signalling. On the other hand, the combined spreading sequence and spatial signature scheme also prompts a possibility of developing a novel Space Division Duplexing (SDD) scheme. The reverse and forward links are transmitted within a narrower beam of smart antenna, and both links are distinguished by different LAS-ET sequences. The simulation results indicate that the reverse link system capacity in DSCMA using LAS-ET spreading sequences together with smart antenna system is increased dramatically compared to traditional binary spreading sequences. The results also showed that the spectrum efficiency of DSCMA is increased when the number of elements in smart antenna system is increased. Finally, it can be concluded that the system capacity and spectrum efficiency are increased significantly from DSCMA using smart antenna systems due to its perfect interference cancellation scheme

Switched Beam Smart Antenna for Wireless Local Area Network

In wireless communication system, interference is one of the issue facing that can disturb in communicating between base station and mobile devices. This paper propose switched beam smart antenna system, an octagonal configuration of directional antenna is introduced and selecting beam to desire user. Each beam of antenna covered 45 degrees; by assembly of all directional antennas to create an omni-directional configuration with coverage all the beam 360 degrees. To control of the beam switching, an inexpensive microcontroller PIC 16F877 from microchip used, radio signal strength of mobile device receive as reference signal and compare to each of beam, the highest signal received is selected than microcontroller will lock to the desire beam. A few samples of received signal strength to be analysis by an algorithm to avoid multiple signals and select actual signal strength received. In this experiment 2.45 GHz ISM band used for the transmitter and receiver and testing have been conducted in outdoor environment. Results shows that switched beam smart antenna working fine base on mobile device location and able to switch the beam while mobile device is moving

Smart antenna system management utilising multi-agent systems

Abstract : Cellular communication networks are large and distributed systems that provide billions of people around the world with means of communication. Antennas as used currently in cellular communication networks do not provide efficient resource management given the growth in the current communication network scenario. Most of the problems are related to the number of devices that can connect to an antenna, the coverage map of an antenna, and frequency management. A smart antenna grid can cover the same area as traditional cellular system towers with some enhancements. Smart antenna grids can include a device in an area that requires connectivity rather than covering of the entire area. Frequencies are handled per antenna base, with more focus on providing stable communication. The objective of the dissertation is to improve resource management of smart antenna grids by making use of a multi-agent system. The dissertation uses a simulation environment that illustrates a smart antenna grid that operates with a multi-agent system that is responsible for resource management. The simulation environment is used to execute ten scenarios that intends to place large amounts of strain on the resources of the smart antenna grid to determine the effectiveness of using a multi-agent system. The ten scenarios show that when resources deplete, the multi-agent system intervenes, and that when there are too many devices connected to one smart antenna, the devices are managed. At the same time, when there are antennas that have frequency problems, the frequencies are reassigned. One of the scenarios simulated the shutdown of antennas forcing devices to disconnect from the antenna and connect to a different antenna. The multi-agent system shows that the different agents can manage the resources in a smart grid that is related to frequencies, antennas and devices.M.Sc. (Computer Science

Direction of Arrival Algorithm using GSU-minimization

A smart antenna is a digital wireless communications antenna system that takes advantage of diversity effect at the source (transmitter), the destination (receiver) or both. Diversity effect involves the transmission and/or reception of multiple radio frequency (RF) waves to increase data speed and reduce the error rate. A smart antenna enables a higher capacity in wireless networks by effectively reducing multipath and co-channel interference. This is achieved by focusing the radiation only in the desired direction and adjusting itself to changing traffic conditions or signal environments. Smart antennas employ a set of radiating elements arranged in the form of an array. The GSU-MUSIC algorithm for DOA estimation of smart antenna is similar to MUSIC and it uses iterative approach based on GSU minimization to find accurate values of the peaks. The GSU-MUSIC Algorithm overcomes the problems associated with previous techniques used for DOA estimation of smart antenna. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160412

Smart Antennas and Intelligent Sensors Based Systems: Enabling Technologies and Applications

open access articleThe growing communication and computing capabilities in the devices enlarge the connected world and improve the human life comfort level. The evolution of intelligent sensor networks and smart antennas has led to the development of smart devices and systems for real-time monitoring of various environments. The demand of smart antennas and intelligent sensors significantly increases when dealing with multiuser communication system that needs to be adaptive, especially in unknown adverse environment [1–3]. The smart antennas based arrays are capable of steering the main beam in any desired direction while placing nulls in the unwanted directions. Intelligent sensor networks integration with smart antennas will provide algorithms and interesting application to collect various data of environment to make intelligent decisions [4, 5]. The aim of this special issue is to provide an inclusive vision on the current research in the area of intelligent sensors and smart antenna based systems for enabling various applications and technologies. We cordially invite some researchers to contribute papers that discuss the issues arising in intelligent sensors and smart antenna based system. Hence, this special issue offers the state-of-the-art research in this field

Design and implementation of a technology planar 4x4 butler matrix for networks application

In this paper, switched beam smart antenna systems are investigated to improve the performance of wireless networks. The microstrip technology of antenna arrays with Butler matrix topology as a beam-former is used to implement the switched beam smart antenna system. The optimum design of a 4x4 planar Butler matrix array, operating at 5.6 GHz for WLAN applications. System’s design and optimization was based on computer simulations

Rancang Dan Bangun Smart Antenna System Pada Frekuensi 2.4 Ghz

Pada penelitian ini lebih khusus membahas dan mempelajari pada faktor posisi pola radiasi antena penerima, dimana jika posisi main lobe pola radiasi antena tepat mengarah ke sumber sinyal maka kualitas sinyal akan baik, dan sebaliknya jika posisi minor lobe pola radiasi antena yang mengarah ke sumber sinyal. Pada penelitian ini membahas bagaimana merancang sebuah sistem yang mampu mengarahkan posisi main lobe pola radiasi antena penerima dengan frekuensi kerja 2.4 GHz ke posisi sudut terbaik. Menggunakan microcontroller sebagai pengatur sistem keseluruhan, memanfaatkan sistem ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) untuk mengubah tegangan listrik DC (analog) ke sinyal digital sehingga memudahkan microcontroller mengolah data. Untuk mengubah tegangan AC dari antena penerima ke tegangan DC mengggunakan sebuah rangkaian rectifier. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem ini masih belum bekerja sesuai dengan yang diinginkan, tegangan DC keluaran rectifier masih terdapat ripple yang mengganggu proses pengolahan data microcontroller. Tetapi secara fungsi sistem per blok, sesuai dengan yang telah direncanakan. Rectifier mampu mengubah tegangan AC menjadi DC pada frekuensi 2.4 GHz dengan nilai tegangan terbesar 5.7 volt. Microcontroller mampu membaca dan mengolah sinyal analog yang diterimanya.Kata kunci – smart antenna, rectenna