Effecting a framework for a national oil spill contingency plan for the Kingdom of Cambodia

Constant increase in an annual oil consumption world-wide from 880,632 million gallons in 1983 to 1,004,268 million gallons in 1993 demonstrates the grgmng v \u27 mr 1 n n iilii iltn in \u27 ‘ of 0j]_SQl_USinto the coastal and marine .....\u27 ‘ The most catastrophic oil spills reportedly took place in 1979 when about 193 million gallons ofoilweredischargedintotheseas.Withnoexception, \u27.I A threats of oil nnllntinn \u27 since the nation araduallv involves with ma_u\u271imetransnort and oil and gas ‘ ‘ ‘ When introduced into the seas, an oil spill presents two kinds of negative impacts: ecological impact, including impact on biological processes, marine plankton, fish and shellfish, marine mammals, birds communities and ecosystems, human health, and on shore vegetation, and economic impact, including impact on fishing industry, tourism industry, shipping sectors and on other industrial uses. Toprevent,mitigateandminimisethreatsofoil pollutioninCambodia, C . Plan(NCPlis Jtoensureatimelyand effective response to oil pollution incidents by pre-designating the responsible organisation and providing adequate resources. The plan addresses issues, including emergency notification, incident evaluation and plan activation, response strategies, sensitive area identification, and communication system. To be effective, the plan should be supported by legislation. Various levels of emergency response should be provided beginning with local plans and expanding to national and regional plans

Naval Aviation Squadron Risk Analysis Predictive Bayesian Network Modeling Using Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey Results

Associated risks in flying have resulted in injury or death to aircrew and passengers, and damage or destruction of the aircraft and its surroundings. Although the Naval Aviation\u27s flight mishap rate declined over the past 60 years, the proportion of human error causal factors has stayed relatively constant at about 80%. Efforts to reduce human errors have focused attention on understanding the aircrew and maintenance actions occurring in complex systems. One such tool has been the Naval Aviation squadrons\u27 regular participation in survey questionnaires deigned to measure respondent ratings related to personal judgments or perceptions of organizational climate for meeting the extent to which a particular squadron achieved the High Reliability Organization (HRO) criteria of achieving safe and reliable operations and maintenance practices while working in hazardous environments. Specifically, the Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey (MCAS) is completed by squadron maintainers to enable leadership to assess their unit\u27s aggregated responses against those from other squadrons. Bayesian Network Modeling and Simulation provides a potential methodology to represent the relationships of MCAS results and mishap occurrences that can be used to derive and calculate probabilities of incurring a future mishap. Model development and simulation analysis was conducted to research a causal relationship through quantitative analysis of conditional probabilities based upon observed evidence of previously occurred mishaps. This application would enable Navy and Marine Corps aviation squadron leadership to identify organizational safety risks, apply focused proactive measures to mitigate related hazards characterized by the MCAS results, and reduce organizational susceptibility to future aircraft mishaps

Road safety and the role of the employer: a case study of a western multinational in Oman

Global data highlights the scale of road traffic driving harm showing 1.24 million deaths, and a further 20 to 50 million injuries annually, making it the eight-leading cause of death globally. A range of studies has shed light on the causes of such harm, its main contributing factors and the prevention strategies that can be adopted to reduce it. However, little attention has been paid to the role played by employers in preventing work-related driving harm, despite the fact work-related driving accounts for a significant proportion of the harm flowing from road accidents. This study represents an attempt to address this lack of research. The overall aim of the study was to shed new light on the role the employer can play in reducing work-related driving harm. Three supporting objectives were developed to support this aim. The first was to carry out a literature review encompassing a focus on the factors that influence road safety, both generally and in the work context, the potential role of employers in improving work-related driving, and the potential insights that can be gained into this role through findings contained in the literature on occupational health and safety management. The second was the undertaking of new empirical research focussed on the management of work-related safety, and, more particularly, its capacity to generate safety improvements and the factors that influence this capacity, through a case study. The third was to draw out the lessons from these conceptual and empirical strands of the research for current knowledge and future research regarding employer management of work-related driving. To support these aims and objectives three types of data collection was undertaken: semi-structured interviews, focus groups and descriptive statistical data on relevant performance outcomes. The study reported in this thesis has explicitly sought to address the first of these areas of weakness. The findings contribute to the current literature in three ways. Firstly, by shedding new light on the capacity of employers to take effective action to improve work-related driving safety. Secondly, by providing new evidence on the value of various type of employer road safety interventions. Thirdly, and more widely, adding to existing knowledge regarding the value of promulgated guidance on the organisational level management of road safety, and the challenges that confront the effective implementation of such approaches. In doing so, the study draws out and confirms often unacknowledged linkages between the literature on work-related road safety and that on workplace health and safety

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography, supplement 200

This bibliography lists 204 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in November 1979

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationIn 1998 Intermountain Healthcare instituted a mental health integration program in its primary care clinics. Mental health patients typify complex customers: those who supply multiple inputs into service processes whose inputs can expand across multiple service providers or multiple service visits. In this study, customer complexity is measured on a continuum by the number of co-morbidities of the patient (customer). It is hypothesized that complex customers receive better service from integrated service offerings than modular service offerings because complex customers have the most difficulty coordinating and combining services. The intensity of service integration is defined by the amount of coordination and combination of disparate service processes done by the service provider on behalf of the customer; in this study integration is measured by the practices' compliance to Intermountain Healthcare's mental health integration program This study tests the hypothesis that integrated clinics decrease patients' healthcare asset usage, which is assumed to also correlate with better care. The theory is tested by contrasting two patient cohorts: one serviced in integrated clinics and the other serviced in nonintegrated clinics. The patients' medical records are followed for 3 years, and the hypothesis tests are performed using hierarchal models based on the Negative Binomial Regression for count outcomes. These findings offer support for the hypothesis that more integrated service offerings require complex patients to use fewer medical assets. The main study reveals two important theoretical contributions to the service management literature: an examination of integration and modularity of service design and recognition of the complex customer. While integration and modularity of product design are prevalent in the literature, this study examines integration and modularity in service design. Services can be integrated along both location and coordination, potentially offering swifter and more even flow through the service process. In attempting to coordinate disparate service processes, the complex customer acts as co-designer of the service supply chain. Recognition of the complex customer requires service management to look at service supply chains as part of a natural service supply chain that requires coordination with other service's processes outside the firm before the service can be completed

Reflections on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident: Toward Social-Scientific Literacy and Engineering Resilience

Nuclear Engineering; Environmental Science and Engineering; Social Sciences, genera