Digital Image Elasto-Tomography: Mechanical Property Reconstruction from Surface Measured Displacement Data

Interest in elastographic techniques for soft tissue imaging has grown as relevant research continues to indicate a correlation between tissue histology and mechanical stiffness. Digital Image Elasto-Tomography (DIET) presents a novel method for identifying cancerous lesions via a three-dimensional image of elastic properties. Stiffness reconstruction with DIET takes steady-state motion captured with a digital camera array as the input to an elastic property reconstruction algorithm, where finite element methods allow simulation of phantom motion at a range of internal stiffness distributions. The low cost and high image contrast achievable with a DIET system may be particularly suited to breast cancer screening, where traditional modalities such as mammography have issues with limited sensitivity and patient discomfort. Proof of concept studies performed on simulated data sets confirmed the potential of the DIET technique, leading to the development of an experimental apparatus for surface motion capture from a range of soft tissue approximating phantoms. Error studies performed on experimental data from these phantoms using a limited number of shape and modulus parameters indicated that accurate measurements of surface motion provide sufficient information to identify a stiffness distribution in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases. The elastic reconstruction performed on simulated and experimental data considered both deterministic and stochastic algorithms, with a combination of the two approaches found to give the most accurate results, for a realistic increase in computational cost. The reconstruction algorithm developed has the ability to successfully resolve a hard spherical inclusion within a soft phantom, and in addition demonstrated promise in reconstructing the correct stiffness distribution when no inclusion is present

SIMULACIÓN DE LA CONDUCTIVIDAD DE MODELOS DE MAMA CON SOFTWARE COMSOL (SIMULATION OF CONDUCTIVITY OF BREAST MODELS WITH COMSOL SOFTWARE)

Resumen El cáncer de mama constituye la primera causa de muerte por neoplasia en la mujer en el ámbito mundial. Nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico prebiopsia para uso global se han desarrollado en la última década para reducir el número de pacientes sometidos a procedimiento de biopsia innecesario. Este trabajo implementa la simulación en el software COMSOL Multiphysics para determinar la conductividad en modelos de senos con lóbulos de diferentes tamaños que simulan carcinomas. Para ello se propone tres anillos de 8 electrodos cada uno instalados sobre un molde que simula una copa del brasier. Las pruebas demostraron que se puede obtener un grado de éxito aceptable al momento de ubicar carcinomas con dimensiones mayores o iguales a 0.6 cm de diámetro, a una altura entre 0.2 cm y 3.95 cm con respecto de la base del modelo. Este trabajo abre las puertas a un proyecto futuro donde se puedan llevar pruebas en pacientes; ya que dispone una base para ejecutar las mediciones, que es lo que se debe de esperar y como interpretar los resultados obtenidos. Palabras Clave: carcinoma, impedancia, mama, simulación. Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from malignancy in women worldwide. New prebiopsy diagnostic techniques for global use have been developed in the last decade to reduce the number of patients undergoing the unnecessary biopsy procedure. This work implements simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics software to determine conductivity in breast models with lobes of different sizes that simulate carcinomas. To do this, three rings of 8 electrodes each are installed on a mold that simulates a bra cup. The tests showed that an acceptable degree of success can be obtained when locating carcinomas with dimensions greater than or equal to 0.6 cm in diameter, at a height between 0.2 cm and 3.95 cm with respect to the base of the model. This work opens the doors to a future project where tests can be carried out on patients; since it has a basis for executing the measurements, what to expect and how to interpret the results obtained. Keywords: carcinoma, impedance, breast, simulation

Preclinical MRI of the kidney : methods and protocols

This Open Access volume provides readers with an open access protocol collection and wide-ranging recommendations for preclinical renal MRI used in translational research. The chapters in this book are interdisciplinary in nature and bridge the gaps between physics, physiology, and medicine. They are designed to enhance training in renal MRI sciences and improve the reproducibility of renal imaging research. Chapters provide guidance for exploring, using and developing small animal renal MRI in your laboratory as a unique tool for advanced in vivo phenotyping, diagnostic imaging, and research into potential new therapies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Preclinical MRI of the Kidney: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and will be of importance to anyone interested in the preclinical aspect of renal and cardiorenal diseases in the fields of physiology, nephrology, radiology, and cardiology. This publication is based upon work from COST Action PARENCHIMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers

Preclinical MRI of the Kidney

This Open Access volume provides readers with an open access protocol collection and wide-ranging recommendations for preclinical renal MRI used in translational research. The chapters in this book are interdisciplinary in nature and bridge the gaps between physics, physiology, and medicine. They are designed to enhance training in renal MRI sciences and improve the reproducibility of renal imaging research. Chapters provide guidance for exploring, using and developing small animal renal MRI in your laboratory as a unique tool for advanced in vivo phenotyping, diagnostic imaging, and research into potential new therapies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Preclinical MRI of the Kidney: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and will be of importance to anyone interested in the preclinical aspect of renal and cardiorenal diseases in the fields of physiology, nephrology, radiology, and cardiology. This publication is based upon work from COST Action PARENCHIMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers

Proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress

Published proceedings of the 2018 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering (CSME) International Congress, hosted by York University, 27-30 May 2018