Empersonal Research Practices: Getting to Know Our Interdisciplinary Collaborators

Collaborative research is quite common in contemporary society; indeed, it may be thought that scientists cannot live without it. Yet, it seems difficult to engage in good interdisciplinary collaboration when research methods and background assumptions often differ widely. I suggest in this paper that a disposition to inquire into another person is essential to good collaborative research. I first explain what I mean by “empersonal inquisitiveness” and why it is important in interdisciplinary collaboration. Inquiring into a person serves as an important precursor to engaging in interdisciplinary collaboration, because it allows researchers to form shared frameworks and develop a shared plan for the research project. I then discuss social-cognitive mechanisms and their ability to generate knowledge of other persons. In the final section of the paper, I explain how social cognition can allow persons to engage in truly collaborative projects, in particular by way of shared mental models and shared reasoning. The result is that empersonal inquisitiveness, when employed by potential research partners, produces important empersonal knowledge that advances collaborative research.Collaborative research is quite common in contemporary society; indeed, it may be thought that scientists cannot live without it. Yet, it seems difficult to engage in good interdisciplinary collaboration when research methods and background assumptions often differ widely. I suggest in this paper that a disposition to inquire into another person is essential to good collaborative research. I first explain what I mean by “empersonal inquisitiveness” and why it is important in interdisciplinary collaboration. Inquiring into a person serves as an important precursor to engaging in interdisciplinary collaboration, because it allows researchers to form shared frameworks and develop a shared plan for the research project. I then discuss social-cognitive mechanisms and their ability to generate knowledge of other persons. In the final section of the paper, I explain how social cognition can allow persons to engage in truly collaborative projects, in particular by way of shared mental models and shared reasoning. The result is that empersonal inquisitiveness, when employed by potential research partners, produces important empersonal knowledge that advances collaborative research

Selection of Online News for Competitive Intelligence: Use of Business Domain Ontology for Internet Search Semantic Query Expansion

The Internet provides ever increasing volumes of news and information about the environment in which companies operate. This can lead to information overload, in which the volume of information available overwhelms the processing power of the user. Methods and tools that help separate potentially useful information from irrelevant information need to be developed. This research applied design research to investigate the development of a tool to help users refine internet searches on competitive intelligence. It used modeling of the target business area in the form of anontology to aid the formulation of search terms through interactive semantic expansion of the keywords entered by users

How might we do it better? Applying educational curriculum theory and practice in talent development environments

Although Talent Development is a key function for sports organisations, too little work has focused on the establishment of evidence-grounded methods for optimising progress. Drawing principally on the work of Tyler (1949) and Kelly (2009), our aim is to examine constructs from the field of curriculum studies to establish a range of educational concepts and frameworks that would support talent pathway coaches. Using four fundamental questions concerning curriculum design suggested by Tyler (1949) as a frame, i.e. purpose, content, methods or procedures, and evaluation, we present a range of tangible and robust frameworks and ideas that might be applied to talent pathways. Additionally, we have found accordance between several concepts from curriculum theory and practice and existing practices within talent development pathways. Having an awareness of when and where congruency exists would afford practitioners and scholars the opportunity to refine and cultivate more coherent, purposeful and justifiable talent development environments

From common operational picture to common situational understanding: An analysis based on practitioner perspectives

The concepts of Situational Awareness (SA) and Common Operational Picture (COP) are closely related and well-acknowledged to be crucial factors for effective emergency management. In multi-agency operations, such as extreme weather events, the involved first responders manage the event with different mandates, objectives, and tools which can make it challenging to build a COP. Effective collaboration requires a common situational understanding, based on knowledge about each other’s responsibilities and tasks, mutual respect and trust, as well as common communication tools for emergency communication and information sharing. This paper argues that the COP serves as a basis for deciding on further action, and thus represents a first stage in the process of establishing common situational understanding among the involved actors. The empirical basis for the study includes interviews with Norwegian emergency management stakeholders, analysis of audio-logs, and review of public documents. Based on the analysis we present a framework comprising activities and processes involved in establishing a COP as a basis for common situational understanding.publishedVersio

Self-beliefs, Transactive Memory Systems, and Collective Identification in Teams: Articulating the Socio-Cognitive Underpinnings of COHUMAIN

Socio-cognitive theory conceptualizes individual contributors as both enactors of cognitive processes and targets of a social context\u27s determinative influences. The present research investigates how contributors’ metacognition or self-beliefs, combine with others’ views of themselves to inform collective team states related to learning about other agents (i.e., transactive memory systems) and forming social attachments with other agents (i.e., collective team identification), both important teamwork states that have implications for team collective intelligence. We test the predictions in a longitudinal study with 78 teams. Additionally, we provide interview data from industry experts in human–artificial intelligence teams. Our findings contribute to an emerging socio-cognitive architecture for COllective HUman-MAchine INtelligence (i.e., COHUMAIN) by articulating its underpinnings in individual and collective cognition and metacognition. Our resulting model has implications for the critical inputs necessary to design and enable a higher level of integration of human and machine teammates

Перспективы цифровой трансформации механизмов координации

The intensity and scale of communication between people, which have grown significantly over the past three decades, have not yet led to comparable in scale improvements in the coordination of the activities of socio-economic agents. One of the reasons is the lack of a full-fledged digital transformation of coordination mechanisms. Therefore, an urgent scientific task is to determine methodological approaches for the full digitalization of coordination processes. Cognitive sciences offer a fundamental description of the processes of socio-economic coordination in the form of a shared mental model of participants in joint activities. This approach made it possible to identify and analyze the main parameters of the basic version of the mechanism for coordinating activities, as well as to determine the possibilities of creating different versions of this mechanism, adapted to various cases of joint activity. It is shown that the traditional market and command coordination mechanisms are representable in terms of the shared mental model, as its particular cases. Analysis of the digitalization directions of the fundamental processes of coordination of activities, which are common for various coordination mechanisms, allows us to consider the consequences of their digital transformation in the form of increasing the efficiency of both these mechanisms and the economy as a whole. The possibility of creating an unified coordination mechanism based on computer technologies was considered, which, on the one hand, could replace the traditional market and command mechanisms, and on the other, could be used to coordinate all types of joint activities, including non-economic ones

Effective communication during major crises: A systematic literature review to identify best practices for police.

Police are the frontline response to major crises (such as natural disasters and terrorism). One key element to the successful outcome of major crises is the effective communication by police to their fellow officers, command, and other emergency personnel to contain and control the situation. Yet, there is no current academic research examining the effective communication of police during major crises. This study conducted a systematic literature review on the effective communication by emergency personnel during major crises to identify lessons learned from other disciplines in order to identify best practice strategies for preparing police for major crises. Of the 11,352 initially identified publications, 45 were assessed as relevant for ‘environment’ and ‘communication’ criteria which resulted in a final list of 15 publications. The findings highlight two important factors for effective communication in such situations; decentralized communication structures and shared mental models. However, while the importance of these two factors is understood, actually achieving these factors is difficult. These findings have implications for policy and procedures in identifying best practice for preparing officers for the effective communication during major crises

Videogame-based learning: a comparison of direct and indirect effects across outcomes

2017 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Recent years have shown a rise in the application of serious games used by organizations to help trainees learn and practice job related skills (Muntean, 2011). Some sources have projected a continued growth in the development and application of video games for novel purposes (Sanders, 2015). Despite the increasing use of video games for workplace training, there is limited research evidence to justify the use of video games for learning. Additionally, this research has generated mixed results on the utility of serious games (Guillen-Nieto & Aleson-Carbonell, 2012). One contribution of this study is a review of the research literature to understand why videogame-based learning research is producing inconsistent results. From this review, I present several current challenges in the research literature that may be contributing to these inconsistencies; distinguishing videogames from similar training media, identifying game characteristics, exploring the possible mechanisms in the training experience, differentiating training outcomes, and making accurate implications for research. The purpose of this study is to design and test a new approach to game-based learning research that would explore the context in which games are effective learning tools. This study tested and expanded the model from Garris et al.'s (2002) game-based learning I-P-O model to determine the extent to which one game characteristic (i.e., human interaction) influences two training outcomes (i.e., declarative knowledge and affective states), as well as the possible mechanisms through which this occurs. The present study found that active learning is a mechanism through which human interaction influences both declarative knowledge and affective states. Although the effect size was large for affective states, it was small for declarative knowledge. The mediating effect of active learning was greater for the relationship between human interaction and affective states than for the relationship between human interaction and declarative knowledge. I also found that perceived value mediates the relationship between human interaction and affective states

Imitating Human Responses via a Dual-Process Model Approach

Human-autonomous system teaming is becoming more prevalent in the Air Force and in society. Often, the concept of a shared mental model is discussed as a means to enhance collaborative work arrangements between a human and an autonomous system. The idea being that when the models are aligned, the team is more productive due to an increase in trust, predictability, and apparent understanding. This research presents the Dual-Process Model using multivariate normal probability density functions (DPM-MN), which is a cognitive architecture algorithm based on the psychological dual-process theory. The dual-process theory proposes a bipartite decision-making process in people. It labels the intuitive mode as “System 1” and the reflective mode as “System 2”. The current research suggests by leveraging an agent which forms decisions based on a dual-process model, an agent in a human-machine team can maintain a better shared mental model with the user. Evaluation of DPM-MN in a game called Space Navigator shows that DPM-MN presents a successful dual-process theory motivated model