Final report on the evaluation of RRM/CRRM algorithms

Deliverable public del projecte EVERESTThis deliverable provides a definition and a complete evaluation of the RRM/CRRM algorithms selected in D11 and D15, and evolved and refined on an iterative process. The evaluation will be carried out by means of simulations using the simulators provided at D07, and D14.Preprin

An intelligent radio access network selection and optimisation system in heterogeneous communication environments

PhDThe overlapping of the different wireless network technologies creates heterogeneous communication environments. Future mobile communication system considers the technological and operational services of heterogeneous communication environments. Based on its packet switched core, the access to future mobile communication system will not be restricted to the mobile cellular networks but may be via other wireless or even wired technologies. Such universal access can enable service convergence, joint resource management, and adaptive quality of service. However, in order to realise the universal access, there are still many pending challenges to solve. One of them is the selection of the most appropriate radio access network. Previous work on the network selection has concentrated on serving the requesting user, but the existing users and the consumption of the network resources were not the main focus. Such network selection decision might only be able to benefit a limited number of users while the satisfaction levels of some users are compromised, and the network resources might be consumed in an ineffective way. Solutions are needed to handle the radio access network selection in a manner that both of the satisfaction levels of all users and the network resource consumption are considered. This thesis proposes an intelligent radio access network selection and optimisation system. The work in this thesis includes the proposal of an architecture for the radio access network selection and optimisation system and the creation of novel adaptive algorithms that are employed by the network selection system. The proposed algorithms solve the limitations of previous work and adaptively optimise network resource consumption and implement different policies to cope with different scenarios, network conditions, and aims of operators. Furthermore, this thesis also presents novel network resource availability evaluation models. The proposed models study the physical principles of the considered radio access network and avoid employing assumptions which are too stringent abstractions of real network scenarios. They enable the implementation of call level simulations for the comparison and evaluation of the performance of the network selection and optimisation algorithms

An Intelligent Vertical Handover Scheme for Audio and Video Streaming in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

In heterogeneous vehicular networks, the most challenging issue is obtaining an efficient vertical handover during the vehicle roaming process. Efficient network selection process can achieve satisfactory Quality of Service for ongoing applications. In this paper, we propose an Intelligent Network Selection (INS) scheme based on maximization scoring function to efficiently rank available wireless network candidates. Three input parameters were utilized to develop a maximization scoring function that collected data from each network candidate during the selection process. These parameters are: Faded Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Residual Channel Capacity, and Connection Life Time. The results show that the proposed INS scheme is more efficient at decreasing handover delays, End-to-End delays for VoIP and Video applications, packet loss ratios as well as increasing the efficiency of network selection processes in comparison with the state of the arts.Sadiq, AS.; Abu Bakar, K.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Lloret, J.; Khokhar, R. (2013). An Intelligent Vertical Handover Scheme for Audio and Video Streaming in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications. 18(6):879-895. doi:10.1007/s11036-013-0465-8S879895186Chen YS, Cheng CH, Hsu CS, Chiu GM (2009) Network mobility protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. In: Wireless communications and networking conference, IEEE, pp 1–6Ghafoor KZ, Abu Bakar K, Lee K, AL-Hashimi H (2010) A novel delay-and reliability-aware inter-vehicle routing protocol. Netw Protoc Algorithm 2(2):66–88Ghafoor KZ, Abu Bakar K, Lloret J, Khokhar RH, Lee KC (2013) Intelligent beaconless geographical forwarding for urban vehicular environments. Wirel netw 19(3):345–362Prakash A, Tripathi S, Verma R, Tyagi N, Tripathi R, Naik K (2011) Vehicle assisted cross-layer handover scheme in nemo-based vanets (vanemo). Int J Internet Protoc Technol 6(1):83–95Lee C-W, Chen MC, Sun YS (2013) Protocol and architecture supports for network mobility with qos-handover for high-velocity vehicles. Wirel Netw 19(5):811–830Pereira P, Casaca A, Rodrigues JJPC, Soares VNGJ, Triay Joan, Cervelló-Pastor C (2011) From delay-tolerant networks to vehicular delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 1(4):1166–1182Lloret J, Canovas A, Catalá A, Garcia M (2013) Group-based protocol and mobility model for vanets to offer internet access. J Netw Comput Appl 36(3):10271038Ghafoor KZ, Lloret J, Abu Bakar K, Sadiq AS, Mussa SAB (2013) Beaconing approaches in vehicular ad hoc networks: A survey. Wirel Pers Commun 1–28. doi: 10.1007/s11277-013-1222-9Wang L, Kuo G (2011) Mathematical modeling for network selection in heterogeneous wireless networks?a tutorial. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 15(1):271–292Nguyen-Vuong QT, Ghamri-Doudane Y, Agoulmine N (2008) On utility models for access network selection in wireless heterogeneous networks. In: Network operations and management symposium. Salvador, Bahia, pp 144–151Canovas A, Bri D, Sendra S, Lloret J (2012) Vertical WLAN handover algorithm and protocol to improve the IPTV QoS of the end user. ON, Ottawa, pp 1901–1905Varma VK, Ramesh S, Wong KD, Barton M, Hayward G, Friedhoffer JA (2003) Mobility management in integrated UMTS/WLAN networks. In: International conference on communications. IEEE, USA, pp 1048–1053Mohanty S (2006) A new architecture for 3G and WLAN integration and inter-system handover management. Wirel Netw 12(6):733–745Rivera-Lara EJ, Herrerías-Hernández R, Pérez-Díaz JA, García-Hernández CF (2008) Analysis of the relationship between QoS and snr for an 802.11 g wlan. In: International conference on communication theory, reliability, and quality of service. IEEE, Bucharest, pp 103–107Rappaport TS (2002) Wireless communications principles and practice, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle RiverCarpenter T (2007) CWNA certified wireless network administrator official study guide (Exam PW0-100). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, New YorkEberspacher J, Eberspächer J, Bettstetter C, Vögel HJ, Hartmann C, Vgel HJ, et al (2009) GSM-architecture, protocols and services. Wiley, New YorkWLAN-MAC (2007) Wireless lan medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specifications. IEEE Comput Soc, pp 1–1183. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.11.html ,Kappler C (2009) UMTS networks and beyond. Wiley, New YorkEgoh K, De S (2006) A multi-criteria receiver-side relay election approach in wireless ad hoc networks. In: Military communications conference. IEEE, Washington, DC, pp 1–7Bucciol P, Ridolfo F, De Martin JC (2008) Multicast voice transmission over vehicular ad hoc networks: issues and challenges. In: Seventh international conference on networking. IEEE, Cancun, pp 746–751Thonet G, Allard-Jacquin P, Colle P (2008) Zigbee–wifi coexistence, Schneider electric white paperRibadeneira AF (2007) An analysis of the mos under conditions of delay, jitter and packet loss and an analysis of the impact of introducing piggybacking and Reed Solomon fec for VoIP. Computer science theses, pp 44Karapantazis S, Pavlidou FN (2009) Voip: A comprehensive survey on a promising technology. Comput Netw 53(12):2050–2090Ortiz C, Frigon JF, Sanso B, Girard A (2008) Effective bandwidth evaluation for voip applications in ieee 802.11 networks. In: Wireless communications and mobile computing conference. IEEE, Crete Island, pp 926–931International Telecommunication Union (1996) Telecommunication Standardization Sector. Methods for subjective determination of transmission quality, international telecommunication unionLi D, Pan J (2008) Evaluating MPEG-4/AVC video streaming over ieee 802.11 wireless distribution system. In: Wireless communications and networking conference. WCNC 2008 IEEE, IEEE, pp 2147–2152Yan X, Mani N, Cekercioglu YA (2008) A traveling distance prediction based method to minimize unnecessary handovers from cellular networks to WLANS. Commun Lett IEEE 12(1):14–16Lo SC, Lee G, Chen WT, Liu JC (2004) Architecture for mobility and QoS support in all-ip wireless networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 22(4):691–705Pries R, Staehle D, Tran-Gia P, Gutbrod T (2008) A seamless vertical handover approach. In: Cerd?-Alabern L (ed) Wireless systems and mobility in next generation internet, vol 5122. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 167–184Munasinghe KS, Jamalipour A (2010) An analytical evaluation of mobility management in integrated WLAN-UMTS networks. Comput Electr Eng 36(4):735–75

EVEREST IST - 2002 - 00185 : D23 : final report

Deliverable públic del projecte europeu EVERESTThis deliverable constitutes the final report of the project IST-2002-001858 EVEREST. After its successful completion, the project presents this document that firstly summarizes the context, goal and the approach objective of the project. Then it presents a concise summary of the major goals and results, as well as highlights the most valuable lessons derived form the project work. A list of deliverables and publications is included in the annex.Postprint (published version

A Unified Mobility Management Architecture for Interworked Heterogeneous Mobile Networks

The buzzword of this decade has been convergence: the convergence of telecommunications, Internet, entertainment, and information technologies for the seamless provisioning of multimedia services across different network types. Thus the future Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) can be envisioned as a group of co-existing heterogeneous mobile data networking technologies sharing a common Internet Protocol (IP) based backbone. In such all-IP based heterogeneous networking environments, ongoing sessions from roaming users are subjected to frequent vertical handoffs across network boundaries. Therefore, ensuring uninterrupted service continuity during session handoffs requires successful mobility and session management mechanisms to be implemented in these participating access networks. Therefore, it is essential for a common interworking framework to be in place for ensuring seamless service continuity over dissimilar networks to enable a potential user to freely roam from one network to another. For the best of our knowledge, the need for a suitable unified mobility and session management framework for the NGMN has not been successfully addressed as yet. This can be seen as the primary motivation of this research. Therefore, the key objectives of this thesis can be stated as: To propose a mobility-aware novel architecture for interworking between heterogeneous mobile data networks To propose a framework for facilitating unified real-time session management (inclusive of session establishment and seamless session handoff) across these different networks. In order to achieve the above goals, an interworking architecture is designed by incorporating the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as the coupling mediator between dissipate mobile data networking technologies. Subsequently, two different mobility management frameworks are proposed and implemented over the initial interworking architectural design. The first mobility management framework is fully handled by the IMS at the Application Layer. This framework is primarily dependant on the IMS’s default session management protocol, which is the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The second framework is a combined method based on SIP and the Mobile IP (MIP) protocols, which is essentially operated at the Network Layer. An analytical model is derived for evaluating the proposed scheme for analyzing the network Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and measures involved in session mobility management for the proposed mobility management frameworks. More precisely, these analyzed QoS metrics include vertical handoff delay, transient packet loss, jitter, and signaling overhead/cost. The results of the QoS analysis indicates that a MIP-SIP based mobility management framework performs better than its predecessor, the Pure-SIP based mobility management method. Also, the analysis results indicate that the QoS performances for the investigated parameters are within acceptable levels for real-time VoIP conversations. An OPNET based simulation platform is also used for modeling the proposed mobility management frameworks. All simulated scenarios prove to be capable of performing successful VoIP session handoffs between dissimilar networks whilst maintaining acceptable QoS levels. Lastly, based on the findings, the contributions made by this thesis can be summarized as: The development of a novel framework for interworked heterogeneous mobile data networks in a NGMN environment. The final design conveniently enables 3G cellular technologies (such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) or Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) type systems), Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) technologies, and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networking (WMAN) technologies (e.g., Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) systems such as WiMAX) to interwork under a common signaling platform. The introduction of a novel unified/centralized mobility and session management platform by exploiting the IMS as a universal coupling mediator for real-time session negotiation and management. This enables a roaming user to seamlessly handoff sessions between different heterogeneous networks. As secondary outcomes of this thesis, an analytical framework and an OPNET simulation framework are developed for analyzing vertical handoff performance. This OPNET simulation platform is suitable for commercial use

A Survey on Handover Management in Mobility Architectures

This work presents a comprehensive and structured taxonomy of available techniques for managing the handover process in mobility architectures. Representative works from the existing literature have been divided into appropriate categories, based on their ability to support horizontal handovers, vertical handovers and multihoming. We describe approaches designed to work on the current Internet (i.e. IPv4-based networks), as well as those that have been devised for the "future" Internet (e.g. IPv6-based networks and extensions). Quantitative measures and qualitative indicators are also presented and used to evaluate and compare the examined approaches. This critical review provides some valuable guidelines and suggestions for designing and developing mobility architectures, including some practical expedients (e.g. those required in the current Internet environment), aimed to cope with the presence of NAT/firewalls and to provide support to legacy systems and several communication protocols working at the application layer

SIP-based mobility management in next generation networks

The ITU-T definition of next generation networks includes the ability to make use of multiple broadband transport technologies and to support generalized mobility. Next generation networks must integrate several IP-based access technologies in a seamless way. In this article, we first describe the requirements of a mobility management scheme for multimedia real-time communication services; then, we report a survey of the mobility management schemes proposed in the recent literature to perform vertical handovers between heterogeneous networks. Based on this analysis, we propose an application-layer solution for mobility management that is based on the SIP protocol and satisfies the most important requirements for a proper implementation of vertical handovers. We also implemented our proposed solution, testing it in the field, and proving its overall feasibility and its interoperability with different terminals and SIP servers

Adaptive probe-based congestion-aware handover procedure using SIP protocol

Wireless technologies have evolved very rapidly in recent years. In the future, operators will need to enable users to use communication services independently of access technologies, so they will have to support seamless handovers in heterogeneous networks. In this paper we present a novel adaptive congestion aware SIP based procedure for handover in heterogeneous networks. In the proposed algorithm the handover decision is based in addition to signal strength, also on target network congestion status, which is tested during the conversation. As SIP protocol was used, the proposed procedure is independent of access technologies. For performance evaluation of proposed procedure we developed a purpose‑built simulation model. The results show that the use of the proposed adaptive procedure significantly improves the QoE of VoIP users, compared to reference scenario, in which only signal strength was used as the trigger for handover decision

Sip Based Mobile Voice Over Ip Client For Wireess Networks

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2008Bu tez SIP tabanlı mobile bir VoIP istemcisinin tasarımını ve gerçeklenmesini tanımlar. Bu tez temelde çoktürel ağlar üzerinde çalışabilen bir VoIP istemcisi tasarımının çözülmesi gereken iki sorununun üzerinde yogunlaşır. Birinci ve en zorlu sorun farklı erişim teknolojileri arasında kullanıcıya fark ettirmeden yer değişim desteği sağlanmasıdır. Bu tezde, kullanıcıya fark ettirmeden el değiştirme yönetimi, uygulama katmanında, multimedya oturumunu başlatmak, sonlandırmak ve değiştirmek için kullanılan Oturum Başlatma Protokolü (SIP) kullanılarak ele alınmıştır. SIP yaygın bir şekilde kabul edilmekte olan bir VoIP standartıdır. Kullanıcıya fark ettirmeden el değiştirmeyi destekleyebilmek için, VoIP istemcisi üzerinde çalışan SIP tabanlı bir bağlantı yöneticisi önerilmiştir. Bağlantı yöneticisi yeni ağlar keşfettiğinde, adaylar listesinden bir ağ seçer ve hali hazırda yürütülmekte olan iletişimi kullanıcıya fark ettirmeden yeni ağ arayüzüne aktarır. Dolayısı ile, bu birim Wi-Fi, 3G gibi çoktürel ağlar arasında dolaşmayı sağlar. İkinci sorun ise, en kaliteli çağrı (arama) desteğini sağlamaktır. En kaliteli çağrı desteği, iletişim kurmak isteyen tarafların farklı türden ağlara bağlı olmaları durumunda, VoIP uygulamasının iletişim tipine (yarı-çift yönlü yada tam-çift yönlü) karar vermebilmesi demektir. Örneğin, eğer iletişim kurmak isteyen taraflardan biri bir GSM ağındaysa, en iyi çağrı kalitesini yakalayabilmek için, iletişim yarı-çift yönlü olarak kurulmalıdır. Bu tez, bahsedilen özelliği desteklemek için, istemci tabanlı bir karar mekanizması önerir. Bu karar mekanizması, iletişim kurulmak istenen tarafa, istemcinin içinde bulunduğu ağa göre belirlenmiş iletişim tipini içeren bir davet iletisi gönderir. Diğer istemci bu davet iletisini aldıktan sonra, aynı karar mekanizması, iletişimi “bas-konuş VoIP” yada “tam-çift yönlü VoIP” olarak ayarlar.This thesis describes the design and the implementation of a SIP-based mobile VoIP client. It mainly focuses on two challenges of designing a VoIP client which works on heterogeneous network environments. One and the most challenging problem is the provision of seamless mobility support among different access technologies. In this thesis, seamless handover management is handled at the application layer by using Session initiation protocol (SIP), which is used to initiate, terminate, and modify multimedia session. SIP is becoming a widely accepted standard for VoIP. To support seamless handover, a SIP based connection manager is proposed on VoIP client application. As new networks are discovered by the connection manager, it selects a new network from the candidate list and transfers the current communication to the new network interface seamlessly. Therefore, this module provides roaming across heterogeneous networks such as Wi-Fi, 3G. Second problem is providing the best effort call quality support. It means that if the communication parties are in dissimilar networks, the VoIP application should decide the communication type (half-duplex or full-duplex). For instance, if one of the communication parties is in a GSM network, then the communication should be established as a half-duplex manner to achieve best call quality. This thesis proposes a client-based decision mechanism to support this property. This decision mechanism sends an invite message including the communication type (half-duplex or full-duplex) of the client according to the network in which it operates to the other communication party. After the other client receives this invite message, same decision mechanism adjusts the communication as either a “push to talk VoIP” or a “full-duplex VoIP”.Yüksek LisansM.Sc