On Reliability of Dynamic Addressing Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, a reliability analysis is carried out to state a performance comparison between two recently proposed proactive routing algorithms. These protocols are able to scale in ad hoc and sensor networks by resorting to dynamic addressing, to face with the topology variability, which is typical of ad hoc, and sensor networks. Numerical simulations are also carried out to corroborate the results of the analysis.Comment: Proc. of WRECOM '07: Wireless Rural and Emergency Communications Conference, Roma (Italy), October 200

An altruistic cross-layer recovering mechanism for ad hoc wireless networks

Video streaming services have restrictive delay and bandwidth constraints. Ad hoc networks represent a hostile environment for this kind of real-time data transmission. Emerging mesh networks, where a backbone provides more topological stability, do not even assure a high quality of experience. In such scenario, mobility of terminal nodes causes link breakages until a new route is calculated. In the meanwhile, lost packets cause annoying video interruptions to the receiver. This paper proposes a new mechanism of recovering lost packets by means of caching overheard packets in neighbor nodes and retransmit them to destination. Moreover, an optimization is shown, which involves a video-aware cache in order to recover full frames and prioritize more significant frames. Results show the improvement in reception, increasing the throughput as well as video quality, whereas larger video interruptions are considerably reduced. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Arce Vila, P.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2015). An altruistic cross-layer recovering mechanism for ad hoc wireless networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 15(13):1744-1758. doi:10.1002/wcm.2459S174417581513Li J Blake C De Couto DSJ Lee HI Morris R Capacity of ad hoc wireless networks Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks (MobiCom) 2001 61 69Akyildiz, I. F., & Xudong Wang. (2005). A survey on wireless mesh networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 43(9), S23-S30. doi:10.1109/mcom.2005.1509968Hsu, C.-J., Liu, H.-I., & Seah, W. K. G. (2011). Opportunistic routing – A review and the challenges ahead. Computer Networks, 55(15), 3592-3603. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2011.06.021Huang, X., Zhai, H., & Fang, Y. (2008). Robust cooperative routing protocol in mobile wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 7(12), 5278-5285. doi:10.1109/t-wc.2008.060680Wieselthier, J. E., Nguyen, G. D., & Ephremides, A. (2001). Mobile Networks and Applications, 6(3), 251-263. doi:10.1023/a:1011478717164Clausen T Jacquet P Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR), IETF RFC 3626 2003 http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3626.txtMarina, M. K., & Das, S. R. (2006). Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 6(7), 969-988. doi:10.1002/wcm.432Zhou X Lu Y Ma HG Routing improvement using multiple disjoint paths for ad hoc networks International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (IFIP) 2006 1 5Fujisawa H Minami H Yamamoto M Izumi Y Fujita Y Route selection using retransmission packets for video streaming on ad hoc networks IEEE Conference on Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) 2006 607 610Badis H Agha KA QOLSR multi-path routing for mobile ad hoc networks based on multiple metrics: bandwidth and delay IEEE 59th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2004 2181 2184Wu Z Wu J Cross-layer routing optimization for video transmission over wireless ad hoc networks 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications Networks and Mobile Computing (WiCOM) 2010 1 6Schier, M., & Welzl, M. (2012). Optimizing Selective ARQ for H.264 Live Streaming: A Novel Method for Predicting Loss-Impact in Real Time. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 14(2), 415-430. doi:10.1109/tmm.2011.2178235Nikoupour M Nikoupour A Dehghan M A cross-layer framework for video streaming over wireless ad-hoc networks 3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM) 2008 340 345Yamamoto R Miyoshi T Distributed retransmission method using neighbor terminals for ad hoc networks Proceedings of the 14th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC) 2008 1 5Gravalos I Kokkinos P Varvarigos EA Multi-criteria cooperative energy-aware routing in wireless ad-hoc networks Proceedings of the 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC) 2013 387 393Abid, R. M., Benbrahim, T., & Biaz, S. (2010). IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Networks for Last-Mile Internet Access: An Open-Source Real-World Indoor Testbed Implementation. Wireless Sensor Network, 02(10), 725-738. doi:10.4236/wsn.2010.210088Yen, Y.-S., Chang, R.-S., & Wu, C.-Y. (2011). A seamless handoff scheme for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 13(2), 157-169. doi:10.1002/wcm.1102Liangzhong Yin, & Guohong Cao. (2006). Supporting cooperative caching in ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 5(1), 77-89. doi:10.1109/tmc.2006.15Biswas S Morris R ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2005 133 144Chachulski S Jennings M Katti S Katabi D Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2007 169 180Kohler E Handley M Floyd S Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), IETF RFC 4340 2006 http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4340.txtSchierl, T., Ganger, K., Hellge, C., Wiegand, T., & Stockhammer, T. (2006). SVC-based multisource streaming for robust video transmission in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 13(5), 96-103. doi:10.1109/wc-m.2006.250365Iera, A., Molinaro, A., Paratore, S. Y., Ruggeri, G., & Zurzolo, A. (2011). Making a mesh router/gateway from a smartphone: Is that a practical solution? Ad Hoc Networks, 9(8), 1414-1429. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2011.03.00

A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide a wireless network infrastructure for sensed data transport in environments where wired or satellite technologies cannot be used. Because the embedded hardware of the sensor nodes has been improved very much in the last years and the number of real deployments is increasing considerably, they have become a reliable option for the transmission of any type of sensed data, from few sensed measures to multimedia data. This paper proposes a new protocol that uses an ad hoc cluster based architecture which is able to adapt the logical sensor network topology to the delivered multimedia stream features, guaranteeing the quality of the communications. The proposed protocol uses the quality of service (QoS) parameters, such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss, of each type of multimedia stream as a basis for the sensor clusters creation and organization inside the WSN, providing end-to-end QoS for each multimedia stream. We present real experiments that show the performance of the protocol for several video and audio cases when it is runningThis work has been partially supported by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion," through the "Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011" in the "Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental," Project TEC2011-27516. This work has also been partially supported by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, by the Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01, and by National Funding from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project.Díaz Santos, JR.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, JM.; Rodrigues, JJPC. (2014). A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/480372S1172014Bri, D., Garcia, M., Lloret, J., & Dini, P. (2009). Real Deployments of Wireless Sensor Networks. 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications. doi:10.1109/sensorcomm.2009.69Karim, L., Anpalagan, A., Nasser, N., & Almhana, J. (2013). Sensor-based M2M Agriculture Monitoring Systems for Developing Countries: State and Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 5(3), 68. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i3.3787Edo, M., Canovas, A., Garcia, M., & Lloret, J. (s. f.). Providing VoIP and IPTV Services in WLANs. Handbook of Research on Mobility and Computing, 426-444. doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-042-6.ch028Diab, R., Chalhoub, G., & Misson, M. (2013). Overview on Multi-Channel Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 5(3), 112. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i3.3811Khoukhi, L., & Cherkaoui, S. (2010). Intelligent QoS management for multimedia services support in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Computer Networks, 54(10), 1692-1706. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.014Abbas, C. J. B., Orozco, A. L. S., & Villalba, L. J. G. (2012). A distributed QoS mechanism for ad hoc network. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(1), 25. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2012.049282Çevik, T., & Zaim, A. H. (2013). A Multichannel Cross-Layer Architecture for Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(3), 457045. doi:10.1155/2013/457045Li, Z., Bi, J., & Chen, S. (2013). Traffic Prediction-Based Fast Rerouting Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(5), 176293. doi:10.1155/2013/176293Lloret, J., Palau, C., Boronat, F., & Tomas, J. (2008). Improving networks using group-based topologies. Computer Communications, 31(14), 3438-3450. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.05.030Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Lehsaini, M., Guyennet, H., & Feham, M. (2010). An efficient cluster-based self-organisation algorithm for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Sensor Networks, 7(1/2), 85. doi:10.1504/ijsnet.2010.031852Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., & Diaz, J. (2009). A Cluster-Based Architecture to Structure the Topology of Parallel Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 9(12), 10513-10544. doi:10.3390/s91210513Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., Jimenez, J. M., & Sendra, S. (2014). MWAHCA: A Multimedia Wireless Ad Hoc Cluster Architecture. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-14. doi:10.1155/2014/913046Wei, D., & Chan, H. (2006). Clustering Ad Hoc Networks: Schemes and Classifications. 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. doi:10.1109/sahcn.2006.288583Yu, J. Y., & Chong, P. H. J. (2005). A survey of clustering schemes for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 7(1), 32-48. doi:10.1109/comst.2005.1423333Abbasi, A. A., & Younis, M. (2007). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14-15), 2826-2841. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.024Boyinbode, O., Le, H., & Takizawa, M. (2011). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Space-Based and Situated Computing, 1(2/3), 130. doi:10.1504/ijssc.2011.040339Ramachandran, L., Kapoor, M., Sarkar, A., & Aggarwal, A. (2000). Clustering algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications - DIALM ’00. doi:10.1145/345848.345860Chatterjee, M., Das, S. K., & Turgut, D. (2002). Cluster Computing, 5(2), 193-204. doi:10.1023/a:1013941929408Huang, Y.-M., Hsieh, M.-Y., & Wang, M.-S. (2007). Reliable transmission of multimedia streaming using a connection prediction scheme in cluster-based ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 30(2), 440-452. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.09.012Tang, S., & Li, W. (2006). QoS supporting and optimal energy allocation for a cluster based wireless sensor network. Computer Communications, 29(13-14), 2569-2577. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.02.007Rosário, D., Costa, R., Paraense, H., Machado, K., Cerqueira, E., Braun, T., & Zhao, Z. (2012). A Hierarchical Multi-hop Multimedia Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 4(4). doi:10.5296/npa.v4i4.2121Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., Jiménez, J. M., & Hammoumi, M. (2014). A new multimedia-oriented architecture and protocol for wireless ad hoc networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 14. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2014.062486Meghanathan, N., & Mumford, P. (2013). Centralized and Distributed Algorithms for Stability-based Data Gathering in Mobile Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 84. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i4.420

Adaptive Cross-Layer Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

[EN] Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are generally created for temporary scenarios. In such scenarios, where nodes are in mobility, efficient routing is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an adaptive and cross-layer multipath routing protocol for such changing scenarios. Our routing mechanisms operate keeping in view the type of applications. For simple applications, the proposed protocol is inspired from traditional on-demand routing protocols by searching shortest routes from source to destination using default parameters. In case of multimedia applications, the proposed mechanism considers such routes which are capable of providing more data rates having less packet loss ratio. For those applications which need security, the proposed mechanism searches such routes which are more secure in nature as compared to others. Cross-layer methodology is used in proposed routing scheme so as to exchange different parameters across the protocol stack for better decision-making at network layer. Our approach is efficient and fault tolerant in a variety of scenarios that we simulated and tested.The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research group no. 037-1435-RG.Iqbal, Z.; Khan, S.; Mehmood, A.; Lloret, J.; Alrajeh, NA. (2016). Adaptive Cross-Layer Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Journal of Sensors. 2016:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5486437S1182016Abusalah, L., Khokhar, A., & Guizani, M. (2008). A survey of secure mobile Ad Hoc routing protocols. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 10(4), 78-93. doi:10.1109/surv.2008.080407Murthy, S., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J. (1996). An efficient routing protocol for wireless networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 1(2), 183-197. doi:10.1007/bf01193336Toh, C.-K. (1997). Wireless Personal Communications, 4(2), 103-139. doi:10.1023/a:1008812928561Pearlman, M. R., & Haas, Z. J. (1999). Determining the optimal configuration for the zone routing protocol. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 17(8), 1395-1414. doi:10.1109/49.779922ZHEN, Y., WU, M., WU, D., ZHANG, Q., & XU, C. (2010). Toward path reliability by using adaptive multi-path routing mechanism for multimedia service in mobile Ad-hoc network. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 17(1), 93-100. doi:10.1016/s1005-8885(09)60431-3Sivakumar, R., Sinha, P., & Bharghavan, V. (1999). CEDAR: a core-extraction distributed ad hoc routing algorithm. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 17(8), 1454-1465. doi:10.1109/49.779926Zapata, M. G. (2002). Secure ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 6(3), 106-107. doi:10.1145/581291.581312Khan, S., & Loo, J. (2010). Cross Layer Secure and Resource-Aware On-Demand Routing Protocol for Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 62(1), 201-214. doi:10.1007/s11277-010-0048-ySharma, V., & Alam, B. (2012). Unicaste Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey. International Journal of Computer Applications, 51(14), 9-18. doi:10.5120/8108-1714Tarique, M., Tepe, K. E., Adibi, S., & Erfani, S. (2009). Survey of multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 32(6), 1125-1143. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2009.07.002Shiwen Mao, Shunan Lin, Yao Wang, Panwar, S. S., & Yihan Li. (2005). Multipath video transport over ad hoc networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 12(4), 42-49. doi:10.1109/mwc.2005.1497857Li, Z., Chen, Q., Zhu, G., Choi, Y., & Sekiya, H. (2015). A Low Latency, Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 11(8), 946587. doi:10.1155/2015/946587Zheng, Z., Liu, A., Cai, L. X., Chen, Z., & Shen, X. (2016). Energy and memory efficient clone detection in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 15(5), 1130-1143. doi:10.1109/tmc.2015.2449847Dong, M., Ota, K., Liu, A., & Guo, M. (2016). Joint Optimization of Lifetime and Transport Delay under Reliability Constraint Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 27(1), 225-236. doi:10.1109/tpds.2015.2388482Hamrioui, S., Lorenz, P., Lloret, J., & Lalam, M. (2013). A Cross Layer Solution for Better Interactions Between Routing and Transport Protocols in MANET. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 21(3), 137. doi:10.2498/cit.1002136Sanchez-Iborra, R., & Cano, M.-D. (2014). An approach to a cross layer-based QoE improvement for MANET routing protocols. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 6(3), 18. doi:10.5296/npa.v6i3.5827Cho, J.-H., Swami, A., & Chen, I.-R. (2011). A Survey on Trust Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 13(4), 562-583. doi:10.1109/surv.2011.092110.0008

Routing efficiency in wireless sensor-actor networks considering semi-automated architecture

Wireless networks have become increasingly popular and advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of different kind of networks such as Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (WSANs). These networks have different kind of characteristics, therefore new protocols that fit their features should be developed. We have developed a simulation system to test MANETs, WSNs and WSANs. In this paper, we consider the performance behavior of two protocols: AODV and DSR using TwoRayGround model and Shadowing model for lattice and random topologies. We study the routing efficiency and compare the performance of two protocols for different scenarios. By computer simulations, we found that for large number of nodes when we used TwoRayGround model and random topology, the DSR protocol has a better performance. However, when the transmission rate is higher, the routing efficiency parameter is unstable.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

From MANET to people-centric networking: Milestones and open research challenges

In this paper, we discuss the state of the art of (mobile) multi-hop ad hoc networking with the aim to present the current status of the research activities and identify the consolidated research areas, with limited research opportunities, and the hot and emerging research areas for which further research is required. We start by briefly discussing the MANET paradigm, and why the research on MANET protocols is now a cold research topic. Then we analyze the active research areas. Specifically, after discussing the wireless-network technologies, we analyze four successful ad hoc networking paradigms, mesh networks, opportunistic networks, vehicular networks, and sensor networks that emerged from the MANET world. We also present an emerging research direction in the multi-hop ad hoc networking field: people centric networking, triggered by the increasing penetration of the smartphones in everyday life, which is generating a people-centric revolution in computing and communications

MWAHCA: A Multimedia Wireless Ad Hoc Cluster Architecture

Wireless Ad hoc networks provide a flexible and adaptable infrastructure to transport data over a great variety of environments. Recently, real-time audio and video data transmission has been increased due to the appearance of many multimedia applications. One of the major challenges is to ensure the quality of multimedia streams when they have passed through a wireless ad hoc network. It requires adapting the network architecture to the multimedia QoS requirements. In this paper we propose a new architecture to organize and manage cluster-based ad hoc networks in order to provide multimedia streams. Proposed architecture adapts the network wireless topology in order to improve the quality of audio and video transmissions. In order to achieve this goal, the architecture uses some information such as each node's capacity and the QoS parameters (bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss). The architecture splits the network into clusters which are specialized in specific multimedia traffic. The real system performance study provided at the end of the paper will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal.Díaz Santos, JR.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, JM.; Sendra, S. (2014). MWAHCA: A Multimedia Wireless Ad Hoc Cluster Architecture. Scientific World Journal. 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/913046S2014Lacuesta, R., Lloret, J., Garcia, M., & Peñalver, L. (2010). A Spontaneous Ad Hoc Network to Share WWW Access. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2010(1). doi:10.1155/2010/232083Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Yu, J. Y., & Chong, P. H. J. (2005). A survey of clustering schemes for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 7(1), 32-48. doi:10.1109/comst.2005.1423333Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., & Diaz, J. (2009). A Cluster-Based Architecture to Structure the Topology of Parallel Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 9(12), 10513-10544. doi:10.3390/s91210513LEHSAINI, M., GUYENNET, H., & FEHAM, M. (2010). Cluster-based Energy-efficient k-Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 2(2). doi:10.5296/npa.v2i2.325Zhou, C., & Maxemchuk, N. (2011). Distributed Bottleneck Flow Control in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 3(1). doi:10.5296/npa.v3i1.576Zhang, R., Cai, L., Pan, J., & Shen, X. (Sherman). (2011). Resource management for video streaming in ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 9(4), 623-634. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.08.012Tarique, M. (2010). ISSUES OF LONG-HOP AND SHORT-HOP ROUTING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 2(2). doi:10.5296/npa.v2i2.430Abdrabou, A., & Zhuang, W. (2009). Statistical QoS routing for IEEE 802.11 multihop ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(3), 1542-1552. doi:10.1109/twc.2008.080573Kandris, D., Tsagkaropoulos, M., Politis, I., Tzes, A., & Kotsopoulos, S. (2011). Energy efficient and perceived QoS aware video routing over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 9(4), 591-607. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.09.00