Fall 2022 Full Issue

Full Fall 2022 issue of the Pandion Journal, volume 3, issue 1

Development and application of computer software techniques to human factors task data handling problems Final report, 21 Jun. 1965 - 21 Jun. 1966

Computer software techniques applied to human factors task data handling problem

Research in the Archival Multiverse

Over the past 15 years, the field of archival studies around the world has experienced unprecedented growth within the academy and within the profession, and archival studies graduate education programs today have among the highest enrolments in any information field. During the same period, there has also been unparalleled expansion and innovation in the diversity of methods and theories being applied in archival scholarship. Global in scope, Research in the Archival Multiverse compiles critical and reflective essays across a wide range of emerging research areas and interests in archival studies; it aims to provide current and future archival academics with a text addressing possible methods and theoretical frameworks that have been and might be used in archival scholarship and research

Territorial Violence and Design, 1950-2010: A Human-Computer Study of Personal Space and Chatbot Interaction

Personal space is a human’s imaginary system of precaution and an important concept for exploring territoriality, but between humans and technology because machinic agencies transfer, relocate, enact and reenact territorially. Literatures of territoriality, violence and affect are uniquely brought together, with chatbots as the research object to argue that their ongoing development as artificial agents, and the ambiguity of violence they can engender, have broader ramifications for a socio-technical research programme. These literatures help to understand the interrelation of virtual and actual spatiality relevant to research involving chatrooms and internet forums, automated systems and processes, as well as human and machine agencies; because all of these spaces, methods and agencies involve the personal sphere. The thesis is an ethical tale of cruel techno-science that is performed through conceptualisations from the creative arts, constituting a PhD by practice. This thesis chronicles four chatbots, taking into account interventions made in fine art, design, fiction and film that are omitted from a history of agent technology. The thesis re-interprets Edward Hall’s work on proxemics, personal space and territoriality, using techniques of the bricoleur and rudiments (an undeveloped and speculative method of practice), to understand chatbot techniques such as the pick-up, their entrapment logics, their repetitions of hateful speech, their nonsense talk (including how they disorientate spatial metaphors), as well as how developers switch on and off their learning functionality. Semi-structured interviews and online forum postings with chatbot developers were used to expand and reflect on the rudimentary method. To urge that this project is timely is itself a statement of anxiety. Chatbots can manipulate, exceed, and exhaust a human understanding of both space and time. Violence between humans and machines in online and offline spaces is explored as an interweaving of agency and spatiality. A series of rudiments were used to probe empirical experiments such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma (Tucker, 1950). The spatial metaphors of confinement as a parable of entrapment, are revealed within that logic and that of chatbots. The ‘Obedience to Authority’ experiments (Milgram, 1961) were used to reflect on the roles played by machines which are then reflected into a discussion of chatbots and the experiments done in and around them. The agency of the experimenter was revealed in the machine as evidenced with chatbots which has ethical ramifications. The argument of personal space is widened to include the ways machinic territoriality and its violence impacts on our ways of living together both in the private spheres of our computers and homes, as well as in state-regulated conditions (Directive-3, 2003). The misanthropic aspects of chatbot design are reflected through the methodology of designing out of fear. I argue that personal spaces create misanthropic design imperatives, methods and ways of living. Furthermore, the technological agencies of personal spaces have a confining impact on the transient spaces of the non-places in a wider discussion of the lift, chatroom and car. The violent origins of the chatbot are linked to various imaginings of impending disaster through visualisations, supported by case studies in fiction to look at the resonance of how anxiety transformed into terror when considering the affects of violence

The application of chesterman's (1997 & 2000) translation strategies to the analysis of translated online news reports following nord's (1991 & 1997) functionalsit approach

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-graduação em Inglês e Literatura CorrespondenteEste estudo visa iluminar uma área que ainda permanece amplamente inexplorada na disciplina de Estudos da Tradução, que é a área de Tradução e Jornalismo Online. Mais especificamente, este estudo investiga as práticas de traduzir textos de jornalismo online a partir dos seguintes passos: (i) apresentando a teoria e corpus selecionado - reportagens sobre conflitos no Oriente Médio - para a investigação da tradução de textos jornalísticos online; (ii) apresentando idéias fundamentais sobre Jornalismo Online; (iii) observando como as estratégias de tradução são aplicadas à tradução dos textos jornalísticos online de sites diferentes; e, finalmente (iv) discutindo as implicações das estratégias encontradas no corpus. Para tanto, o estudo esboça um arcabouço teórico e metodológico baseado na Abordagem Funcionalista de Nord (1991 & 1997), nos Memes e Estratégias de Tradução de Chesterman (1997 & 2000), nos Estudos de Tradução Baseados em Corpus, no Jornalismo Online e na Internet. Nord e Chesterman fornecem as noções e conceitos que informam o estudo; os estudos de Tradução Baseados em Corpus oferecem ferramentas metodológicas utilizadas na investigação de práticas de tradução e o Jornalismo Online e a Internet localizam o estudo na área de Estudos da Tradução. O corpus paralelo é formado por 43 textos de chegada e seus respectivos textos de partida, selecionados de quatro sites da Internet, formando um total de 86 textos (101,300 palavras). A análise de quais estratégias de tradução são mais utilizadas na tradução de textos jornalísticos online é realizada para validar a hipótese de que ao traduzir textos jornalísticos online, alguns tradutores tendem a seguir um tipo de tradução mais literal, ignorando algumas adaptações necessárias aos leitores do texto de chegada. Os resultados desta investigação mostraram que duas tendências principais surgem do corpus: uma em que os tradutores seguem um estilo mais voltado ao texto original (meme estático), e a outra tendência, na qual os tradutores optam por focar em um estilo mais voltado ao texto de chegada (meme dinâmico) produzido para um contexto de chegada específico - o contexto virtual. Encerra-se este estudo com algumas sugestões para o modelo de estratégias de tradução de Chesterman e com a validação das duas tendências apresentadas, mostrando que ambas são válidas, dependendo do escopo especificado para um determinado contexto

Invisibility and labour in the human sciences

There are powerful social, political, and epistemological reasons for concealing (or revealing) certain people and practices in the course of scientific research and publication. The human sciences—including biology and biomedicine as well as anthropology, linguistics, and social science—depend upon people with diverse values and expertise, who have varied motivations and degrees of political agency. Research encounters are often orchestrated by actors behind the scenes—tissue donors, survey respondents, student subjects, translators, activists, ethics review boards, civic or religious institutions, lawyers, nurses, and archivists. Their contributions move in and out of the shadows as scientific knowledge is made, with important consequences for the authority and authenticity of research findings. Through a collection of case studies, this volume encourages methodological reflection on whether and how historians of science and STS scholars might recover contributions to the human sciences. Ultimately the volume asks how our professional, institutional, geographical and political circumstances condition whom we claim to speak of and for

Research in the Archival Multiverse

Over the past 15 years, the field of archival studies around the world has experienced unprecedented growth within the academy and within the profession, and archival studies graduate education programs today have among the highest enrolments in any information field. During the same period, there has also been unparalleled expansion and innovation in the diversity of methods and theories being applied in archival scholarship. Global in scope, Research in the Archival Multiverse compiles critical and reflective essays across a wide range of emerging research areas and interests in archival studies; it aims to provide current and future archival academics with a text addressing possible methods and theoretical frameworks that have been and might be used in archival scholarship and research