Institutional Policy on The Evaluation of Student Achievement (IPESA)

PIE

Seven Theses on the so-called Criteria of Authenticity of Historical Jesus Research

La discussió sobre els anomenats criteris d’autenticitat no és precisament una poma de la discòrdia dintre la recerca del Jesús històric. Mentre s’originava en el moment del darrer alè de la First Quest (die Leben Jesu Forschung) no havia estat pròpiament incorporada en l’agenda de la recerca sobre Jesús fins als dies d’auge de la Second/New Quest. En diverses branques de la Third Quest, novament, aquests criteris es consideren com a centrals i necessaris, tot i que també és una eina problemàtica per a la recerca. No obstant això, van sorgir perspectives més crítiques i pessimistes. A més d’ordenar les diferents tesis, aquest article intenta d’intervenir en la discussió d’alguns d’aquests criteris i en la majoria dels seus punts més crítics. Aquestes tesis ens remeten a qüestions plantejades sobre aquests criteris durant molt de temps, així com a algunes de noves que esperonen, inter alia, els plantejaments actuals i obliguen a refer la tradició històrica dels evangelis (sinòptics) en la investigació actual.The discussion about the so-called criteria of authenticity is not a particularly old bone of contention within historical Jesus research. While originating from the time of the last breaths of the First Quest (die Leben Jesu Forschung), they were not properly included in the agenda of Jesus research until the heydays of the Second/New Quest. In the various branches of the Third Quest, again, the criteria are seen as a central and necessary albeit also problematic tool of research. However, even more critically or pessimistically disposed views appear. In putting forward straightforward theses, this article seeks to intervene in the discussion about the criteria at some of its most critical points. The theses address some long-standing questions about the criteria as well as some newer ones that are spurred, inter alia, by the ongoing rethinking and refashioning of the tradition history of the (synoptic) gospels in current research

Inheritance Forgery

Many venerable norms in inheritance law were designed to prevent forgery. Most prominently, since 1837, the Wills Act has required testators to express their last wishes in a signed and witnessed writing. Likewise, the court-supervised probate process helped ensure that a donative instrument was genuine and that assets passed to their rightful owners. But in the mid-twentieth century, concern about forgery waned. Based in part on the perception that counterfeit estate plans are rare, several states relaxed the Wills Act and authorized new formalities for notarized and even digital wills. In addition, lawmakers encouraged owners to bypass probate altogether by transmitting wealth through devices such as life insurance and transfer-on-death deeds. This Article offers a fresh look at inheritance-related forgery. Cutting against the conventional wisdom, it discovers that counterfeit donative instruments are a serious problem. Using reported cases, empirical research, grand jury investigations, and media stories, it reveals that courts routinely adjudicate credible claims that wills, deeds, and life insurance beneficiary designations are illegitimate. The Article then argues that the persistence of inheritance-related forgeries casts doubt on the wisdom of some recent innovations, including statutes that permit notarized and electronic wills. The Article also challenges well-established inheritance law norms, including the litigation presumptions in will-forgery contests, the widespread practice of rubber-stamping deeds, and the delegation of responsibility for authenticating a nonprobate transfer to private companies. Finally, the Article outlines reforms to modernize succession while remaining sensitive to the risks of forgery

State v. Howard Clerk\u27s Record v. 2 Dckt. 37627

https://digitalcommons.law.uidaho.edu/idaho_supreme_court_record_briefs/3478/thumbnail.jp

Threats and Safeguards in the Determination of Auditor Independence

The Article that follows was written before enactment into law of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It attempts a brief explication of an existing conceptual framework for determining issues of auditor independence: that of the staff of the Independence Standards Board and suggests that approach is a much sounder way to address remaining issues of auditor independence than the approach reflected in the existing SEC Rule. Because the new Public Company Accounting Oversight Board is charged with addressing issues of auditor independence it will have to try to think conceptually about what we want from a requirement of auditor independence and what we are willing to forego in order to have it. The SEC should encourage it to do so and allow it to replace the political comprise of the existing Rule

Exploration of intensification and its influence on teacher's work and life in International Baccalaureate school in Astana

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore nature of intensification and its effects on teachers’ work and life at an International Baccalaureate school in Astana. Within the qualitative research design, case study method was used to investigate the central phenomenon of the study. Six secondary teachers and two school administrators were recruited with the help of purposeful sampling strategy to participate in individual interviews. Non-participant observation and documents were used as additional data collection tools. The study findings demonstrated that the school climate is a main cause of intensification and includes several factors that increase intensification...

Representing the Holocaust: Bearing Witness in Levi, Wiesel, and Sebald

Representing large-scale historical traumatic events can be problematic as accounts are often subjective and biased. It is difficult to determine if the subjective historical account is factually accurate or not. When discussing the Holocaust, representation is an important factor. How is the Holocaust represented? This paper shows how literature can fill in the gaps of historical representation. I focus on psychoanalyst Dori Laub’s three levels of the witness and their role in testimony in relation to Holocaust literature. For Laub, the first level witness is the primary account from the person who experienced the trauma. The second level witness is who the first level witness shares his/her story with. The third level witness observes the process of witnessing between the first and second witnesses. Laub’s ideas on witnessing and testifying are heightened when paired with Paul Ricoeur’s notion of attestation, which is the act of believing in the speech of the testifier. For many Holocaust survivors, speaking about the traumas endured was extremely difficult. Often the only evidence survivors had of their experiences was their testimony. As a survivor goes through the process of attestation, he/she asks listeners to believe in his/her testimony. I trace Laub’s three levels of the witness in Primo Levi’s memoir If This Is a Man, Elie Wiesel’s fictional Day, and W.G. Sebald’s journey novel Austerlitz. Tracing the three levels of the witness in each text, demonstrates Ricoeur’s notion of attestation, which provides new insight into the representation of large-scale historical traumatic events