Design Models for Trusted Communications in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Networks

Intelligent transportation system is one of the main systems which has been developed to achieve safe traffic and efficient transportation. It enables the road entities to establish connections with other road entities and infrastructure units using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. To improve the driving experience, various applications are implemented to allow for road entities to share the information among each other. Then, based on the received information, the road entity can make its own decision regarding road safety and guide the driver. However, when these packets are dropped for any reason, it could lead to inaccurate decisions due to lack of enough information. Therefore, the packets should be sent through a trusted communication. The trusted communication includes a trusted link and trusted road entity. Before sending packets, the road entity should assess the link quality and choose the trusted link to ensure the packet delivery. Also, evaluating the neighboring node behavior is essential to obtain trusted communications because some misbehavior nodes may drop the received packets. As a consequence, two main models are designed to achieve trusted V2X communications. First, a multi-metric Quality of Service (QoS)-balancing relay selection algorithm is proposed to elect the trusted link. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to evaluate the link based on three metrics, which are channel capacity, link stability and end-to-end delay. Second, a recommendation-based trust model is designed for V2X communication to exclude misbehavior nodes. Based on a comparison between trust-based methods, weighted-sum is chosen in the proposed model. The proposed methods ensure trusted communications by reducing the Packet Dropping Rate (PDR) and increasing the end-to-end delivery packet ratio. In addition, the proposed trust model achieves a very low False Negative Rate (FNR) in comparison with an existing model

Security models in Vehicular ad-hoc networks: a survey

The security and privacy issues of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) must be addressed before they are implemented. For this purpose, several academic and industrial proposals have been developed. Given that several of them are intended to co-exist, it is necessary that they consider compatible security models. This paper presents a survey on the underlying security models of 41 recent proposals. Four key aspects in VANET security are studied, namely trust on vehicles, trust on infrastructure entities, existence of trusted third parties and attacker features. Based on the survey analysis, a basic mechanism to compare VANET security models is also proposed, thus highlighting their similarities and differences.This work is partially founded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain under grant TIN2009-13461 (project E-SAVE).Publicad

Analysis of Black hole Attack in Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol : Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) Context

In past years, popularity of Mobile Ad hoc Networks has led to the conception of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks. These networks must be highly secure before their implementation in real world. One of the vital aspects of these networks is routing protocol. Most of the protocols in VANET acknowledge all nodes in a network to be genuine by default. But there might be malicious nodes which can make the network vulnerable to various attacks. One such attacks is a black hole attack on AODV routing protocol. Because of its popularity, AODV and black hole attack are taken into consideration for this thesis. The aim of the thesis is to analyze effects of black hole attack on AODV and understand security need of routing protocols in VANET. The experimentation for this thesis was performed with 40, 60 and 80 nodes in network simulator (NS). The performance metrics such as average throughput, end to end delay and packet delivery ratio of each assumed scenarios under blackhole attack and with prevention method are calculated. The obtained calculations are compared to analyze the network performance of AODV. The results from the simulator demonstrate that overall network performance of AODV increased with black hole prevention algorithm in comparison to AODV under black hole attack only. Out of all the performance metrics that are used to analyze the network performance, the average throughput of AODV is significantly increased by 21 percent (approximately) when the mitigation algorithm is applied. The prevention approach used for the thesis can make AODV perform better against black hole attack. However, this approach is limited to a small to medium sized networks only

Randomized and Efficient Authentication in Mobile Environments

In a mobile environment, a number of users act as a network nodes and communicate with one another to acquire location based information and services. This emerging paradigm has opened up new business opportunities and enables numerous applications such as road safety enhancement, service recommendations and mobile entertainment. A fundamental issue that impacts the success of these applications is the security and privacy concerns raised regarding the mobile users. In that, a malicious user or service provider can track the locations of a user traveled so that other malicious act can be carried out more effectively against the user. Therefore, the challenge becomes how to authenticate mobile users while preserving their actual identity and location privacy. In this work, we propose a novel randomized or privacy-preserving authentication protocol based on homomorphic encryption. The protocol allows individual users to self generate any number of authenticated identities to achieve full anonymity in mobile environment. The proposed protocol prevents users being tracked by any single party including peer users, service providers, authentication servers, and other infrastructure. Meanwhile, our protocol also provides traceability in case of any dispute. We have conducted experimental study which demonstrates the efficiency of our protocol. Another advantage of the proposed protocol is lightweight computation and storage requirement, particularly suitable for any mobile devices with limited computation power and storage space

An Approach for Security in Data Sharing Application for Decentralized Military Network

Portable hubs in military situations, for example, a front line or a threatening locale are liable to experience the ill effects of irregular system network and continuous allotments. Interruption tolerant system (DTN) advances are getting to be fruitful arrangements that permit remote gadgets conveyed by officers to correspond with one another and access the classified data or summon dependably by misusing outer stockpiling hubs. The absolute most difficult issues in this situation are the implementation of approval strategies and the approaches redesign for secure information recovery. Cipher text-approach trait based encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising cryptographic answer for the entrance control issues. Be that as it may, the issue of applying CP-ABE in decentralized DTNs presents a few security and protection challenges as to the property denial, key escrow, and coordination of characteristics issued from distinctive powers. In this paper, we propose a safe information recovery plan utilizing CP-ABE for decentralized DTNs where various key powers deal with their qualities freely. We show how to apply the proposed instrument to safely and effectively deal with the private information dispersed in the disturbance tolerant military system

Routing Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an emerging technology now-a-days and has a wide range of applications such as battlefield surveillance, traffic surveillance, forest fire detection, flood detection etc. But wireless sensor networks are susceptible to a variety of potential attacks which obstructs the normal operation of the network. The security of a wireless sensor network is compromised because of the random deployment of sensor nodes in open environment, memory limitations, power limitations and unattended nature. This paper focuses on various attacks that manifest in the network and provides a tabular representation of the attacks, their effects and severity. The paper depicts a comparison of attacks basis packet loss and packet corruption. Also, the paper discusses the known defence mechanisms and countermeasures against the attacks.Comment: IJCSIT April 201

Markov Decision Processes with Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous and resource-limited devices. The devices cooperate to monitor one or more physical phenomena within an area of interest. WSNs operate as stochastic systems because of randomness in the monitored environments. For long service time and low maintenance cost, WSNs require adaptive and robust methods to address data exchange, topology formulation, resource and power optimization, sensing coverage and object detection, and security challenges. In these problems, sensor nodes are to make optimized decisions from a set of accessible strategies to achieve design goals. This survey reviews numerous applications of the Markov decision process (MDP) framework, a powerful decision-making tool to develop adaptive algorithms and protocols for WSNs. Furthermore, various solution methods are discussed and compared to serve as a guide for using MDPs in WSNs

Trust Management for Vehicular Networks: An Adversary-Oriented Overview

© 2016 IEEE. Translations and content mining are permitted for academic research only. Personal use is also permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more informationCooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems, mainly represented by vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), are among the key components contributing to the Smart City and Smart World paradigms. Based on the continuous exchange of both periodic and event triggered messages, smart vehicles can enhance road safety, while also providing support for comfort applications. In addition to the different communication protocols, securing such communications and establishing a certain trustiness among vehicles are among the main challenges to address, since the presence of dishonest peers can lead to unwanted situations. To this end, existing security solutions are typically divided into two main categories, cryptography and trust, where trust appeared as a complement to cryptography on some specific adversary models and environments where the latter was not enough to mitigate all possible attacks. In this paper, we provide an adversary-oriented survey of the existing trust models for VANETs. We also show when trust is preferable to cryptography, and the opposite. In addition, we show how trust models are usually evaluated in VANET contexts, and finally, we point out some critical scenarios that existing trust models cannot handle, together with some possible solutions.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Programa Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Proyectos I+D+I 2014, Spain, under Grant TEC2014-52690-R.Kerrache, CA.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Lagraa, N.; Manzoni, P. (2016). Trust Management for Vehicular Networks: An Adversary-Oriented Overview. IEEE Access. 4:9293-9307. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2645452S92939307