Attitudes towards Online Shopping: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

A wide-range of products are available for consumers to shop online conveniently, anytime from anywhere in the world. While e-commerce has shown exponential growth over the past decade, there is evidence in literature that suggests consumer resistance and reluctance in engaging in online shopping, mainly for privacy and security reasons. Using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this paper aims to investigate consumer attitudes towards online shopping in an emerging economy, South Africa. This study followed a descriptive and quantitative research method. Primary data was collected from a sample of 215 consumers in Gauteng, South Africa. Correlation analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that trustworthiness, privacy and security concerns determine consumer attitude toward online shopping, which, in turn, influences online shopping behaviour. Beliefs about self-efficacy in conducting online transactions influenced consumers’ perceived behavioural control, which ultimately influenced the online shopping behaviour of consumers. Furthermore, the study found that normative beliefs are the immediate antecedent of subjective norms, which, in turn, influence online shopping behaviour. Marketing practitioners need to address the issues of real and perceived privacy issues and the security concerns of current and potential online shoppers if they are to fully benefit from the spoils of the internet

Perancangan Prototipe Aplikasi Legalisir Ijazah Dan Transkip Akademik Berbasis Web Menggunakan Layanan Autentikasi Single Sign-On Gmail

The issuance and verification of diplomas is an important process in the world of education. However, this process often encounters obstacles, such as difficulties in collecting and processing data, as well as errors in data input. Therefore, some educational institutions have developed online diploma applications to facilitate the process. This study aims to discuss the development of online diploma applications, their benefits and implications, as well as the challenges and opportunities in the future development of this technology. The research method used is a case study of an educational institution, using a qualitative approach and Agile Development method. In this study, a prototype of an online diploma application has been developed that allows students to access and download their diplomas online and facilitates the diploma verification process by relevant parties. This application is equipped with a good data security and privacy system to ensure user data security. In conclusion, online diploma applications have the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the diploma issuance and verification process. However, the development of this application also requires serious attention to data security and privacy aspects

Analyzing the Users' Awareness of Data Privacy and Security on Online Social Network in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review

The rise of Online Social Networks has brought about numerous benefits, in particular in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has comes an inherent danger that cannot be ignored., the danger from both sides, the users themselves and the attackers. In the literature, we observed that there are various factors influencing the user's behavior regarding their information, privacy and security on OSN. Moreover, in Saudi Arabia, most studies focused only on one aspect of users' awareness which is privacy awareness to assessing the level of users' behavior within OSNs. In addressing this gap, we aim to systematically evaluate the literature on current research to provide a thorough understanding of the factors influencing the user's awareness behavior regarding their privacy and security on OSNs, whether world-wide or in Saudi Arabia studies. The results show interesting inferences e.g. we concentrate on empirical studies only to extract the privacy and security-related factors and determine the relationships between them and their impact on the users' awareness behavior on Online Social Networks. Further, our findings declared that most of the selected research studies adopt the quantitative approach for their investigation

A study on trust in E-commerce transaction by Malaysian consumer / Nor Farah Wahida Nasir and Norisma Shakilla Ismail

According to Lawrence (2010) the number of internet users around the world has been steadily growing and this growth the impetus and the opportunities for global commerce. The growing popularity of internet business gives rise to their services that considered as more attractive services in e-commerce sector. The growing of e-commerce business gives chance to entrepreneur to take an opportunity to expand their business through internet. It will also influence the rises of transaction through internet. The growing of global commerce will affect the growing of internet business and e-commerce transaction in developing countries. Malaysia also affected from growing of global commerce. According to Hoffman (1999) and Jarvenpaa (2000), there is overwhelming evidence that trust in the online environment is an important element of electronic commerce (EC)relationships. According to Mayer (1995) and McKnight (2002), the overall trust in using E-commerce transaction is influenced by consumer’s perception of risk to the Ecommerce transaction due the nature of supporting infrastructure. Usually, the consumer’s perception of risk caused by their intention toward to perceived privacy, perceived security and company reputation. Despite the fears some consumers have about making online purchases, online purchasing behavior continues to grow in volume, and more and more people seem to be taking the plunge and buying online (Green, 2002; Horrigan, 2002). As the proportion of people refuse to buy online continue to shrink, concern about privacy, trust, security maybe overshadowed by other concerns. Ahuja et al. (2003) found privacy and security concern to be the most common reason their respondents gave for not shopping online, but other reasons were not behind on the list

Korean approach to online protection for children in digital era

Children are the most cherished members of our society but most vulnerable to harm, abuse, violence and exploitation in both online and offline world. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) prescribes the fundamental rights of children particularly to safeguard the liberty and protect the safety, security and privacy of the children. It imposed obligation on the state parties to protect the fundamental rights of children, which includes the right to life, survival and development; the right to be free and protected from harm, abuse, violence and exploitation; and the right to a fair trial and appropriate redress for children that have infringed or violated any law. These fundamental rights of the children particularly the right to be free from harm, abuse, violence and exploitation are being threatened with the existence of the internet and the digital technology. Without doubt internet is an important source of information, education and communication for children and young people but it also bring threats and risks to children's safety, security and privacy. It exposes children not only to harmful violence and inappropriate content but also to strangers and pedophiles, who sexually exploit children and expose them to online abuse such as child pornography and child prostitution. The Internet also provides avenue for harassing, stalking and bullying online that threaten the physical and emotional security as well as privacy of the children. Awareness of these online threats and risks is important but in order to provide a safer internet environment for children and young people, the law and regulation should be adequately comprehensive and enforceable to protect the children from the online threat and risks. such protection is important particularly to safeguard the rights to life, survival and development of the children. The presentation will highlight the approach adopted by South Korea being the most wired country in the world in addressing the issue on online protection for children from the legal perspective