1,730 research outputs found
Trading Real-World Assets on Blockchain - An Application of Trust-Free Transaction Systems in the Market for Lemons
Since its introduction in 2008, blockchain technology has outgrown its use in cryptocurrencies and is now preparing to revolutionize a multitude of commercial applications including value and supply chains, business models, and market structures. This work follows design science research to guide the implementation of a blockchain-based proof-of-concept prototype that enables the automated transaction of real-world assets, such as cars, and provides a valid, transparent, and immutable record of vehicle history to market participants, authorities, and other third parties. The contribution of this study to existing research is threefold: First, it introduces a built-in mechanism to reduce transaction risk resulting from the irreversibility of transactions in blockchain-based systems. Second, it replaces a trust-based, centralized, and bureaucratic register with a tamper-free and autonomous transactional database system that comprises a secure registration and transaction process. Third, it proposes a novel approach to mitigate adverse selection effects in lemon markets by providing a reliable, transparent, and complete record of each marketable asset’s history. In total, the findings in this article illustrate the potential of blockchain-based systems but also highlight technological shortcomings and challenges for commercial applications, such as scalability or privacy issues
Blockchain based Decentralized Applications: Technology Review and Development Guidelines
Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology is a disruptive technology that
provides the infrastructure for developing decentralized applications enabling
the implementation of novel business models even in traditionally centralized
domains. In the last years it has drawn high interest from the academic
community, technology developers and startups thus lots of solutions have been
developed to address blockchain technology limitations and the requirements of
applications software engineering. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive
overview of DLT solutions analyzing the addressed challenges, provided
solutions and their usage for developing decentralized applications. Our study
reviews over 100 blockchain papers and startup initiatives from which we
construct a 3-tier based architecture for decentralized applications and we use
it to systematically classify the technology solutions. Protocol and Network
Tier solutions address the digital assets registration, transactions, data
structure, and privacy and business rules implementation and the creation of
peer-to-peer networks, ledger replication, and consensus-based state
validation. Scaling Tier solutions address the scalability problems in terms of
storage size, transaction throughput, and computational capability. Finally,
Federated Tier aggregates integrative solutions across multiple blockchain
applications deployments. The paper closes with a discussion on challenges and
opportunities for developing decentralized applications by providing a
multi-step guideline for decentralizing the design of traditional systems and
implementing decentralized applications.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, 121 reference
Boosting IoT data valorization through the adoption of DLT
During the last decade Internet of Things has become one of the key technologies in supporting digital transformation of several ecosystems such urban or industry ones. The huge amount of data generated in such contexts as well as the imperative requirements in terms of trustworthiness, authenticity and integrity make compulsory the adoption of the proper solutions fitting those requirements. This paper presents the design, implementation and validation of a distributed ledger technology architecture emphasizing services linked to data valorization.This work is supported by the TOKEN Project: “Transformative Impact Of BlocKchain tEchnologies iN Public Services”, Grant Agreement 870603, belonging to the H2020 Framework Program. The authors want to acknowledge the valuable work carried out by the colleagues participating in this initiative
Blockchain analytics - real-time log management in healthcare
With the growing dependence on information technologies in healthcare organizations, it is crucial to ensure data security since its sensitiveness. To guarantee this requirement, a system was developed consisting of a private blockchain network designed to support the recording of hospital logs and an interface to facilitate data analysis. This article covers the development of a private blockchain solution. For its development were used Hyperledger technologies and Sockets.io. Apart from that, web technologies that were used to interface real-time logs. The objective of the developed solution is to allow the visualization of logs in real time, where analysis methods have applied.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(UIDB/00319/2020
Big Data, Small Credit: The Digital Revolution and Its Impact on Emerging Market Consumers
This research report sheds light on a new cadre of technology companies who are disrupting the credit scoring business in emerging markets. Using non-financial data -- such as social media activity and mobile phone usage patterns -- complex algorithms and big data analytics are forever changing the economics of how we identify, score, and underwrite credit to consumers who have been invisible to lenders until now
A Proposal to Harmonize BIM and IoT Data Silos using Blockchain Application
The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) provide significant end-to-end benefits for the architecture, engineering, construction, and operations (AECO) industry. Example applications include on-site assembly services, data localization for built environment, occupancy performance measures and many other analyses that can be used to improve the built environment. However, silos in the BIM and IoT data exchange have impacted the digital process adoption in AECO industry, which aims to change the dynamics and behaviors of the current working process. Penzes, (2018) in his report, acknowledges the AECO industry as one of the most fragmented sectors with a scattered and complex supply chain. Kelly & Dowd, (2015) reported that the prevalence of waste in AECO industry is due to old management practice and business culture, while Charlès, (2014) suggested this is a symptom of ineffective practices caused by the lack of data integration and disconnected documents between the industry players. Insufficient data for process simulation have resulted in poor productivity, high risk, and low profitability. This study sets out to critically analyse the Blockchain technology’s potential to connect, integrate and advance AECO industry information exchanges and digital processes by using BIM and IoT integration use case as a methodology to identify, clarify and organize the proposed system requirements. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review to uncover the current state of BIM and IoT data silos. Moreover, an online survey assessment and a simulated test were conducted to critically evaluate, investigate, and examine the opportunities and solutions in harmonizing BIM and IoT data silos by using the Blockchain application
Is blockchain an emerging tool able to provide assistance to transitional justice processes?
Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito, na especialidade de Direito Internacional
e EuropeuBlockchain technology has the capacity to change how people live,
communicate with each other, acquire products, store information, and exchange
data. Such technology – that is able to perform in different segments is being called
a general-purpose technology, like the internet, - can be useful in transitional
justice processes. The present paper intends to analyse the use of blockchain
technology as a new component in transitional justice processes, understand how
blockchain would behave in each transitional justice pillar, considering a state of
the art situation. Subsequently, blockchain projects were mentioned, that could be
used in transitional justice scenarios, such as the economic development of local
communities, and the implementation of refugees’ digital identification. Lastly,
the technology’s limitations were taken into consideration, leading to the
conclusion that in considering implementing blockchain technology in transitional
justice processes, it is crucial to ponder the local transitional justice scenario with
the blockchain characteristics, in order to pursuit better results.A tecnologia blockchain tem a capacidade de mudar a forma como as
pessoas vivem, se comunicam, adquirem produtos, guardam e trocam informações.
O uso de tal tecnologia, capaz de atuar em múltiplos segmentos, sendo considerada
uma tecnologia de propósito geral, como a internet, pode ser bem desfrutada em
processos de justiça de transição. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo
analisar se a tecnologia blockchain pode ser um novo componente em processos
de justiça de transição, entendendo como a tecnologia atuaria, em cada pilar da
justiça de transição, considerando um cenário de estado da arte. Posteriormente,
foram citados alguns projetos nos quais se usa o blockchain e que poderiam ser
usados em processos de justiça de transição, como desenvolvimento econômico de
comunidades locais e implementação de identidades digitais para refugiados. Por
fim, levou-se em consideração as limitações da tecnologia frente as suas
circunstâncias atuais. Assim, antes de implementar a tecnologia blockchain em um
cenário de justiça de transição, é importante ponderar todos os aspectos concretos
da situação, juntamente com todas as características da tecnologia, para ter o
melhor resultado
Interoperability between information systems of the results of clinical analysis and electronic record of the patient
The issue of interoperability between institutions in underdeveloped countries always presents good opportunities for science to contribute to substantial improvements in real-world issues. Basic support systems, such as health institutions, are among those that can benefit most from scientific advances. This paper reports an analysis made on the lack of interoperability between health institutions, specifically with regard to the interaction between physicians' offices and clinical analysis laboratory. This research was validated with a real practical use case that is presented in this paper. In order to make the information stored in different computer applications of the health information system (HIS), more specifically in the Hospital Center Dr. Ayres de Menezes, in São Tomé and Príncipe, interoperable, two distinct applications were developed, Patient Management System (PMS) and Clinical Analysis Laboratory Management System (LMS) to implement interoperability between them. In this way, take advantage of the interoperability logic implemented between these two applications and later integrate other systems.
The PMS requests medical exams through your Medical Consultation panel. The second system, LMS receives the exam request and after the exams are processed and validated, the results are sent to the requesting system.
To make the interoperability service effective, the SOAP protocol was used, which allowed the exchange of information synchronously between these two applications, allowing for faster transactions of patients' pathological data, and greater confidentiality of this same information. And as the work progressed, we felt the need to create a functional prototype with REST to meet the cloud model proposal.A questão da interoperabilidade entre instituições em países subdesenvolvidos sempre apresenta boas oportunidades para a ciência contribuir para melhorias substanciais em questões do mundo real. Os sistemas de apoio básico, como as instituições de saúde, estão entre os que mais podem se beneficiar dos avanços científicos. Este trabalho relata uma análise feita sobre a falta de interoperabilidade entre instituições de saúde, especificamente no que diz respeito à interação entre consultórios médicos e laboratórios de análises clínicas. Esta pesquisa foi validada com um caso de uso prático real que é apresentado neste trabalho. De forma a tornar a informação armazenada nas diferentes aplicações informáticas do sistema nacional de saúde (SIS), mais concretamente no Centro Hospitalar Dr. Ayres de Menezes, em São Tomé e Príncipe, interoperáveis, foram desenvolvidas duas aplicações distintas, Sistema de Gestão de Pacientes (SGP) e Sistema de Gestão do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas (SGL) para implementar a interoperabilidade entre eles. Desta forma, aproveitar a lógica implementada entre estas duas aplicações e posteriormente integrar outros sistemas.
O SGP solicita exames médicos através do seu painel de Consulta Médica. O segundo sistema, o SGL, recebe a solicitação dos exames e após os exames serem processados e validados, os resultados são enviados ao sistema solicitante.
Para tornar o serviço de interoperabilidade efetivo, foi utilizado o protocolo SOAP, que permitiu a troca de informações de forma síncrona entre essas duas aplicações. Por outro lado, sentimos a necessidade de criar um protótipo funcional com REST para atender a proposta do modelo em nuvem
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