Distributed Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (D2HCP)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are multihop wireless networks of mobile nodes without any fixed or preexisting infrastructure. The topology of these networks can change randomly due to the unpredictable mobility of nodes and their propagation characteristics. In most networks, including MANETs, each node needs a unique identifier to communicate. This work presents a distributed protocol for dynamic node IP address assignment in MANETs. Nodes of a MANET synchronize from time to time to maintain a record of IP address assignments in the entire network and detect any IP address leaks. The proposed stateful autoconfiguration scheme uses the OLSR proactive routing protocol for synchronization and guarantees unique IP addresses under a variety of network conditions, including message losses and network partitioning. Simulation results show that the protocol incurs low latency and communication overhead for IP address assignment

E-D2HCP: enhanced distributed dynamic host configuration protocol

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) consist of mobile nodes equipped with wireless devices. They do not need any kind of pre-existent infrastructure and are about self-managed networks. MANETs enable communication between mobile nodes without direct links and across multihop paths. To ensure correct operation of the routing protocols, MANETs, have to assign unique IP addresses to the MANET devices. Furthermore, the address assignment is an important issue when dealing with MANET networks because the traditional approaches are not applicable without some changes, having to provide new protocols for the address auto-configuration. These schemes must take into account the properties of MANETs such as dynamic topology, limited resources or lack of infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a stateful scheme for dynamic allocation of IP addresses in MANETs entitled Extended Distributed Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol because it is based on a previous piece of work (D2CHP). This extension includes the network merging not covered by its predecessor. Simulation results show that the new protocol also improves D2HCP functionality in areas such as fault tolerance, concurrency and latency.Sección Deptal. de Sistemas Informáticos y ComputaciónFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEAgencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID, Spain) through Accion Integrada MAEC-AECID MEDITERRANEOSecurity Engineering Research Center - Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE, Korea)pu

Auto-Configuration Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The TCP/IP protocol allows the different nodes in a network to communicate by associating a different IP address to each node. In wired or wireless networks with infrastructure, we have a server or node acting as such which correctly assigns IP addresses, but in mobile ad hoc networks there is no such centralized entity capable of carrying out this function. Therefore, a protocol is needed to perform the network configuration automatically and in a dynamic way, which will use all nodes in the network (or part thereof) as if they were servers that manage IP addresses. This article reviews the major proposed auto-configuration protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, with particular emphasis on one of the most recent: D2HCP. This work also includes a comparison of auto-configuration protocols for mobile ad hoc networks by specifying the most relevant metrics, such as a guarantee of uniqueness, overhead, latency, dependency on the routing protocol and uniformity

Efficient address auto-configutation in ad hoc networks - protocol & algorithms

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are an important part of mobile communications as they allow communications without the presence of an infrastructure. A MANET consists of an autonomous system of mobile devices. In contrast with infrastructure networks, MANET nodes act as hosts as well as routers. In the Internet, multi-hop communications are supported by the network layer, i.e. the Internet Protocol (IP). However, this requires the availability of a unique IP address. Due to the dynamic and decentralized nature of MANETs, and especially due to the mobility of nodes, providing and maintaining this unique IP address automatically in a decentralized way is a challenge addressed by auto-configuration protocols as part of the network layer. Several protocols to support this in fully decentralized environments as present in MANETs have been developed, e.g., the MANETConf, Buddy and Prophet protocols. However, they fail to solve the problem efficiently in scenarios where the nodes are highly mobile, e.g., as is the case with typical car-to-car applications. This thesis presents an address auto-configuration protocol that efficiently supports highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks. This protocol, the Logical Hierarchical Addressing (LHA) protocol, focuses on the fast assigning of IP addresses to new nodes joining a MANET while minimizing the signaling overhead. Besides this, LHA introduces a solution for the merging problem ensuring, the uniqueness of IP addresses in the network when two previously independent MANETs merge. LHA is based on the idea that the address assignments can be achieved locally by the neigh-boring nodes of a requester, which in turn leads to a fast address assignment. Basically, in LHA, each configured node in a MANET is able to select, allocate and assign a unique address to a new node requesting an address that is free. By dividing the address space logically among configured nodes LHA is able to build a number of hierarchical structures of IP addresses. By this means, LHA solves efficiently the merging problem. Furthermore, the utilization of a certain assignment algorithm and specific address data structures is the key that LHA is able to solve the problem of missing IP addresses due to the departure of nodes. Because LHA is less dependent on unicast connections it reduces the signaling overhead and achieves fast address assignment. This in turn makes LHA highly suitable to the use in a wide range of scenarios, especially in those which are high mobility.Mobile Ad-Hoc-Netzwerke (MANETs) sind ein bedeutender Teil der Mobilkommunikation, da sie Kommunikation ohne das Vorhandensein von Infrastruktur erlauben. Ein MANET besteht aus einem autonomen System von mobilen Geräten. Im Gegensatz zu Infrastruktur-Netzwerken agieren MANET-Knoten als Host, ebenso wie als Router. Im Internet werden Multi-Hop-Kommunikationen durch den Netzwerk-Layer unterstützt, z.B. das Internet Protokoll (IP). Dies verlangt jedoch die Verfügbarkeit einer eindeutigen IP-Adresse. Wegen der dynamischen und dezentralen Natur von MANETs und besonders wegen der Mobilität der Knoten, ist die automatische, dezentrale Bereitstellung und Verwaltung dieser eindeutigen IP-Adresse eine Herausforderung, die durch Autokonfigurationsprotokolle als Teil des Netzwerk-Layers gelöst werden soll. Zur Unterstützung dieser dezentralen Umgebung, die durch MANET repräsentiert werden, wurden verschiedene Protokolle entwickelt, wie MANETConf, Buddy und Prophet. Allerdings verfehlen sie eine effiziente Lösung des Problems in Szenarien mit hoch-mobilen Knoten, wie z.B. bei typischen "Auto-zu-Auto"-Anwendungen. Die vorgestellte Arbeit präsentiert ein Adressenautokonfigurationsprotokoll, das hoch dynamische mobile Ad-Hoc-Netzwerke unterstützt. Dieses Protokoll, genannt "Logical Hierarchical Addressing (LHA)", konzentriert sich auf die schnelle Zuweisung von IP-Adressen für neue Knoten, die einem MANET beitreten, und minimiert gleichzeitig den Signal-Overhead. Zusätzlich stellt LHA eine Lösung zum Vereinigungsproblem von Netzwerken vor und sichert die Eindeutigkeit von IP-Adressen, wenn sich 2 vorher unabhängige MANETs vereinigen. LHA basiert auf der Idee, dass die Adresszuweisung lokal durch jeden benachbarten Knoten eines anfragenden Knotens durchgeführt werden kann, was zusätzlich zu einer schnelleren Adresszuweisung führt. In LHA kann jeder konfigurierte Knoten in einem MANET für einen neuen Knoten eine eindeutige, freie Adresse auswählen und zuweisen. Durch die logische Aufteilung des Adressbereiches zwischen den konfigurierten Knoten kann LHA eine Anzahl hierarchischer Strukturen von IP-Adressen aufbauen, wodurch LHA das Vereinigungsproblem effektiv löst. Des Weiteren ist der Einsatz eines speziellen Zuweisungsalgorithmus und spezieller Adressdatenstrukturen der Schlüssel dafür, das LHA das Problem der durch das Verschwinden von Knoten fehlenden IP-Adressen lösen kann. Da LHA weniger abhängig von Unicast-Verbindungen ist, reduziert es den Signal-Overhead und erreicht eine schnelle Adresszuweisung. Dieser Effekt bewirkt die hohe Eignung von LHA für eine Vielzahl von Szenarien, insbesondere hoch mobile Umgebungen

Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Ad hoc networks are built on the basis of a communication without infrastructure and major investigations have focused on the routing and autoconfiguration problems. However, there is a little progress in solving the secure autoconfiguration problems in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which has led to the proliferation of threats given the vulnerabilities of MANETs. It is clear that ad hoc networks have no centralized mechanism for defense against threats, such as a firewall, an intrusion detection system, or a proxy. Therefore, it is necessary that the defense of interests of each of the ad hoc components is the responsibility of each member node. This paper shows the most common threats to ad hoc networks and reviews several proposals that attempt to minimize some of these threats, showing their protection ability and vulnerabilities in light of the threats that might aris

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Guiding readers through the basics of these rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations, Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Containing the contributions of leading researchers, industry professionals, and academics, this forward-looking reference provides an authoritative perspective of the state of the art in MANETs. The book includes surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as limited resources and the mobility of mobile nodes. It considers routing, multicast, energy, security, channel assignment, and ensuring quality of service. Also suitable as a text for graduate students, the book is organized into three sections: Fundamentals of MANET Modeling and Simulation—Describes how MANETs operate and perform through simulations and models Communication Protocols of MANETs—Presents cutting-edge research on key issues, including MAC layer issues and routing in high mobility Future Networks Inspired By MANETs—Tackles open research issues and emerging trends Illustrating the role MANETs are likely to play in future networks, this book supplies the foundation and insight you will need to make your own contributions to the field. It includes coverage of routing protocols, modeling and simulations tools, intelligent optimization techniques to multicriteria routing, security issues in FHAMIPv6, connecting moving smart objects to the Internet, underwater sensor networks, wireless mesh network architecture and protocols, adaptive routing provision using Bayesian inference, and adaptive flow control in transport layer using genetic algorithms

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Guiding readers through the basics of these rapidly emerging networks to more advanced concepts and future expectations, Mobile Ad hoc Networks: Current Status and Future Trends identifies and examines the most pressing research issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Containing the contributions of leading researchers, industry professionals, and academics, this forward-looking reference provides an authoritative perspective of the state of the art in MANETs. The book includes surveys of recent publications that investigate key areas of interest such as limited resources and the mobility of mobile nodes. It considers routing, multicast, energy, security, channel assignment, and ensuring quality of service. Also suitable as a text for graduate students, the book is organized into three sections: Fundamentals of MANET Modeling and Simulation—Describes how MANETs operate and perform through simulations and models Communication Protocols of MANETs—Presents cutting-edge research on key issues, including MAC layer issues and routing in high mobility Future Networks Inspired By MANETs—Tackles open research issues and emerging trends Illustrating the role MANETs are likely to play in future networks, this book supplies the foundation and insight you will need to make your own contributions to the field. It includes coverage of routing protocols, modeling and simulations tools, intelligent optimization techniques to multicriteria routing, security issues in FHAMIPv6, connecting moving smart objects to the Internet, underwater sensor networks, wireless mesh network architecture and protocols, adaptive routing provision using Bayesian inference, and adaptive flow control in transport layer using genetic algorithms