Perkembangan Pemikiran Ekonomi dan Munculnya Pandangan Strukturalis

In the social sciences, economics is considered as the most progressive and dynamic science. Economics has a complete analysis tool, which combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In its process, the dynamics of economics is indicated by the emerge of new view with different approaches

Application of spin glass ideas in social sciences, economics and finance

Classical economics has developed an arsenal of methods, based on the idea of representative agents, to come up with precise numbers for next year's GDP, inflation and exchange rates, among (many) other things. Few, however, will disagree with the fact that the economy is a complex system, with a large number of strongly heterogeneous, interacting units of different types (firms, banks, households, public institutions) and different sizes. Now, the main issue in economics is precisely the emergent organization, cooperation and coordination of such a motley crowd of micro-units. Treating them as a unique ``representative'' firm or household clearly risks throwing the baby with the bathwater. As we have learnt from statistical physics, understanding and characterizing such emergent properties can be difficult. Because of feedback loops of different signs, heterogeneities and non-linearities, the macro-properties are often hard to anticipate. In particular, these situations generically lead to a very large number of possible equilibria, or even the lack thereof. Spin-glasses and other disordered systems give a concrete example of such difficulties. In order to tackle these complex situations, new theoretical and numerical tools have been invented in the last 50 years, including of course the replica method and replica symmetry breaking, and the cavity method, both static and dynamic. In this chapter we review the application of such ideas and methods in economics and social sciences. Of particular interest are the proliferation (and fragility) of equilibria, the analogue of satisfiability phase transitions in games and random economies, and condensation (or concentration) effects in opinion, wealth, etcComment: Contribution to the edited volume "Spin Glass Theory & Far Beyond - Replica Symmetry Breaking after 40 Years", World Scientific, 202

Remote sensing technique- a tool for environmental studies

Environment belongs to all and is important to all. As per definition of the Environment Protection Act, environment includes all the physical and biological surroundings and their interactions. The study of environment or rather environmental studies is a multi-disciplinary which needs knowledge interest from physical sciences (physics, chemistry, mathematics), biological sciences (botany, zoology, microbiology, biochemistry), social sciences, economics, sociology, education, geography) etc

RESEÑA: Palacio, Priscila (2022). “La Incertidumbre De Un Mundo Tripolar: El Retorno De La Geopolítica Militarista Y La Relevancia De La Geoeconomía En Las Primeras Décadas Del Siglo XXI. Breve Mención Al Conflicto Rusia-Ucrania”.

A review by Felipe Venegas San Martín on Priscila Palacio's (2022) article, published in Global Journal of Human Social Sciences-Economics (GJHSS-E), Volume 22, Issue 3, Version 1.0., March 2022.Reseña de Felipe Venegas San Martín sobre el artículo de Priscila Palacio (2022), “La Incertidumbre De Un Mundo Tripolar: El Retorno De La Geopolítica Militarista Y La Relevancia De La Geoeconomía En Las Primeras Décadas Del Siglo XXI. Breve Mención Al Conflicto Rusia-Ucrania”, publicado en Global Journal of Human Social Sciences-Economics (GJHSS-E), Volume 22, Issue 3, Version 1.0., marzo de 2022

The Valuation of Wetlands

This Article asserts that an understanding of wetland valuation requires consideration of many disciplines, including biology, chemistry, social sciences, economics, and state and federal law. The authors explain that wetland valuation is dependent upon the definition of wetland in the area under study and the surrounding situation, and conclude that if practitioners understand the major points of wetland appraisal, they will be able to present hearing officers and judges with relatively sophisticated, comprehensive, and accurate information upon which rulings can be based

Model-building of multiple binary logit using model averaging

Many researchers had been carried out on the study of statistical modelling, making it easier for new researchers in many sectors (social sciences, economics, medical, and etc.) to obtain knowledge in order to ease their research study. Nevertheless, there is still no agreed guidelines in obtaining the best model for multiple binary logit (MBL) using model averaging (MA). This research will demonstrate the proper guidelines to obtain best MBL model by using MA. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) data were studied to illustrate the process of model-building using the proposed guidelines. This study will pinpoint the factors with high possibility leading to mortality of UGIB patients using obtained best model. Corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) were used to compute the weights in model averaging method. The performance of the models was computed by using Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Model obtained by using BIC weights showed a better performance since the RMSE and MAE values are lower compared to model obtained using AICc weights. The factors that affects the survivability of UGIB patients are shock score, comorbidity and rebleed. In conclusion, model-building of multiple binary logit using model averaging showed a better performance when using BIC

Theory of constructive semigroups with apartness -- foundations, development and practice

This paper has several purposes. We present through a critical review the results from already published papers on the constructive semigroup theory, and contribute to its further development by giving solutions to open problems. We also draw attention to its possible applications in other (constructive) mathematics disciplines, in computer science, social sciences, economics, etc. Another important goal of this paper is to provide a clear, understandable picture of constructive semigroups with apartness in Bishop's style both to (classical) algebraists and the ones who apply algebraic knowledge

Neo-Atlantis: Dutch Responses to Five Meter Sea Level Rise

What would happen to the Netherlands if, in 2030, the sea level starts to rise and eventually, after 100 years, a sea level of five meters above current level would be reached? Two socio-economic scenarios are developed from a literature review and by interviews with researchers and practicionersin the domains of social sciences, economics, civil engineering, and land use planning. One scenario describes what would happen in a future characterised by a trend towards further globalisation, marketisation and high economic growth, while the other scenario happens in a future under opposite trends. Under both scenarios, the Southwest and Northwest of the Netherlands – already now below seal level - would be abandoned because of sea level rise. Although most experts believe that geomorphology and current engineering skills allow to largely maintain the territorial integrity of the Netherlands, there are some reasons to assume that this is not likely to happen. Social processes that precede important political decisions – such as the growth of the belief in the reality of SLR and the framing of such decision in a proper political context (policy window) – evolve slowly. Although a flood disaster would speed up decision-making, the general expectation is that decisions would come too late in view of the rate of SLR and the possible pace of construction of works.Extreme sea level rise, The Netherlands, flood defences