84,655 research outputs found
System Level Synthesis via Dynamic Programming
System Level Synthesis (SLS) parametrization facilitates controller synthesis
for large, complex, and distributed systems by incorporating system level
constraints (SLCs) into a convex SLS problem and mapping its solution to stable
controller design. Solving the SLS problem at scale efficiently is challenging,
and current attempts take advantage of special system or controller structures
to speed up the computation in parallel. However, those methods do not
generalize as they rely on the specific system/controller properties.
We argue that it is possible to solve general SLS problems more efficiently
by exploiting the structure of SLS constraints. In particular, we derive
dynamic programming (DP) algorithms to solve SLS problems. In addition to the
plain SLS without any SLCs, we extend DP to tackle infinite horizon SLS
approximation and entrywise linear constraints, which form a superclass of the
locality constraints. Comparing to convex program solver and naive analytical
derivation, DP solves SLS 4 to 12 times faster and scales with little
computation overhead. We also quantize the cost of synthesizing a controller
that stabilizes the system in a finite horizon through simulations
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SLS Processing Studies of Nylon 11 Nanocomposites
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is widely used for rapid prototyping/manufacturing of
nylon 11 and nylon 12 parts. This processing technique has not been explored for
nylon nanocomposites. This study investigates the technicalities of processing nylon
11-clay and nylon-carbon nanofiber nanocomposites with SLS. Microstructural
analyses of the SLS powders and parts were conducted under SEM. Results suggest
that SLS processing is possible with the new nylon 11 nanocomposites. Yet the SLS
parts built have inferior properties relative to those of injection molding, suggesting
that more fine tuning for the processing is required.Mechanical Engineerin
Ultrafast dephasing of coherent optical phonons in atomically controlled GeTe/SbTe superlattices
Femtosecond dynamics of coherent optical phonons in GeTe/SbTe
superlattices (SLs), a new class of semiconductor SLs with three different
states, have been investigated by using a reflection-type pump-probe technique
at various lattice temperatures. The time-resolved transient reflectivity (TR)
obtained in as-grown SLs exhibits the coherent A optical modes at 5.10
THz and 3.78 THz, while only the single A mode at 3.68 THz is observed in
annealed SLs. The decay rate of the A mode in annealed SLs is strongly
temperature dependent, while that in as-grown SLs is not temperature dependent.
This result indicates that the damping of the coherent A phonons in
amorphous SLs is governed by the phonon-defect (vacancy) scattering rather than
the anharmonic phonon-phonon coupling.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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An Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Bronze-NI Composites Produced by Selective Laser Sintering
Mechanical properties of Bronze-Nickel composites produced by Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
were evaluated by constant displacement tension tests. These were studied as a function of SLS
process parameters - laser power density, scan speed, scan spacing, scan direction and layer
thickness. The strength data was then correlated to the microstructure and the part bulk density. To
further enhance the part densities and the mechanical properties, post-SLS sintering was studied.
The relationships between SLS process parameters, post-SLS sintering parameters and the
resulting microstructures, part bulk density and the mechanical properties will be described.Mechanical Engineerin
Modular proteins from the Drosophila sallimus (sls) gene and their expression in muscles with different extensibility
The passive elasticity of the sarcomere in striated muscle is determined by large modular proteins, such as titin in vertebrates. In insects, the function of titin is divided between two shorter proteins, projectin and sallimus (Sls), which are the products of different genes. The Drosophila sallimus (sls) gene codes for a protein of 2 MDa. The N-terminal half of the protein is largely made up of immunoglobulin domains and unique sequence; the C-terminal half has two stretches of sequence similar to the elastic PEVK region of titin, and at the end of the molecule there is a region of tandem Ig and fibronectin domains. We have investigated splicing pathways of the sls gene and identified isoforms expressed in different muscle types, and at different stages of Drosophila development. The 5’ half of sls codes for zormin and kettin; both proteins contain Ig domains and can be expressed as separate isoforms, or as larger proteins linked to sequence downstream. There are multiple splicing pathways between the kettin region of sls and sequence coding for the two PEVK regions. All the resulting protein isoforms have sequence derived from the 3’ end of the sls gene. Splicing of exons varies at different stages of development. Kettin RNA is predominant in the embryo, and longer transcripts are expressed in larva, pupa and adult. Sls isoforms in the indirect flight muscle (IFM) are zormin, kettin and Sls(700), in which sequence derived from the end of the gene is spliced to kettin RNA. Zormin is in both M-line and Z-disc. Kettin and Sls(700) extend from the Z-disc to the ends of the thick filaments, though, Sls(700) is only in the myofibril core. These shorter isoforms would contribute to the high stiffness of IFM. Other muscles in the thorax and legs have longer Sls isoforms with varying amounts of PEVK sequence; all span the I-band to the ends of the thick filaments. In muscles with longer Ibands, the proportion of PEVK sequence would determine the extensibility of the sarcomere. Alternative Sls isoforms could regulate the stiffness of the many fibre types in Droso phila muscles
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Fabrication of PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates by Indirect SLS
The paper presents a new manufacturing technique involving Selective Laser
Sintering (SLS) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) bipolar plate
fabrication. A material system for bipolar plate fabrication was identified to satisfy both
the cell performance requirement and SLS operation restriction. Carbonization and liquid
epoxy infiltration are subsequently performed following the completion of SLS green
bipolar plate. The finished SLS bipolar plate showed impressive surface finish and
mechanical strength, and a single fuel cell was assembled with two SLS end plates and
membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in between. Various physical property tests were
performed with positive results. Fuel cell performance (voltage vs. current density,
voltage vs. time, etc.) will be assessed in the near future.Mechanical Engineerin
The Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Servant Leadership Survey: A Comparative Study across Eight Countries
This paper tests and confirms the cross-cultural equivalence of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) in eight countries and languages: The Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Finland. A composite sample consisting of 5201 respondents from eight countries that all filled out the SLS was used. A three-step approach was adopted to test configural invariance, measurement equivalence, and structural equivalence. For the full 30-item version of the SLS, configural invariance and partial measurement equivalence were confirmed. Implications of these results for the use of the SLS within cross-cultural studies are discussed
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Relating Operating Parameters between SLS Machines which have Different Scanner Geometries and Laser Spot Sizes
As the number of SLS machines in operation increases, the opportunities to
share operating parameters with other SLS operators also increases. However, if the
machines are not identical down to the spot size of the laser beam, the quality of parts
made on each machine can be different. The most likely differences between two SLS
machines are the laser spot size and the scanning radius of the optics. The total energy
flux to the powder surface is a function of the spot size and the scan speed. The
algorithms defined to correct for machine differences are verified both experimentally and
numerically using a one-dimensional empirical SLS model.McDonald Observator
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Investigating Dielectric Properties of Sintered Polymers for Rapid Manufacturing
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) of polymers is the leading technology in the growing field of
Rapid Manufacturing. High Speed Sintering (HSS) is a process that offers the potential to reduce
costs and processing times and thus open significant new markets for Rapid Manufactured parts.
Much academic research has been performed with respect to mechanical properties of Rapid
Manufactured parts, however the area of electrical properties has received little attention to date.
Electrical properties are obviously important in applications that will involve embedding of
circuits with Rapid Manufactured 3D objects. However electrical properties are also important
for a wide variety of electrical products where Rapid Manufactured parts can be used as housings
etc.
This paper focuses on the dielectric properties of parts made by SLS and HSS and compares
properties with those for conventionally processed polymers. Dielectric strength results show
that SLS parts are comparable with injection moulded parts, while HSS parts are inferior to SLS
parts. Dielectric constant and dissipation factor results show that HSS parts are comparable with
injection moulded parts, whilst SLS parts have superior properties. The presence of porosity
(SLS and HSS) and the presence of carbon (HSS) are suggested as reasons behind the variation in
dielectric properties when compared with injection moulded parts.Mechanical Engineerin
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