259,395 research outputs found
Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium
It is perhaps appropriate that, in a year marking the 90th anniversary of
Meghnad Saha seminal paper (1920), new developments should call fresh attention
to the problem of ionization equilibrium in gases. Ionization equilibrium is
considered in the simplest "physical" model for an electronic subsystem of
matter in a rarefied state, consisting of one localized electronic state in
each nucleus and delocalized electronic states considered as free ones. It is
shown that, despite the qualitative agreement, there is a significant
quantitative difference from the results of applying the Saha formula to the
degree of ionization. This is caused by the fact that the Saha formula
corresponds to the "chemical" model of matter.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Equation of state SAHA-S meets stellar evolution code CESAM2k
We present an example of an interpolation code of the SAHA-S equation of
state that has been adapted for use in the stellar evolution code CESAM2k. The
aim is to provide the necessary data and numerical procedures for its
implementation in a stellar code. A technical problem is the discrepancy
between the sets of thermodynamic quantities provided by the SAHA-S equation of
state and those necessary in the CESAM2k computations. Moreover, the
independent variables in a practical equation of state (like SAHA-S) are
temperature and density, whereas for modelling calculations the variables
temperature and pressure are preferable. Specifically for the CESAM2k code,
some additional quantities and their derivatives must be provided. To provide
the bridge between the equation of state and stellar modelling, we prepare
auxiliary tables of the quantities that are demanded in CESAM2k. Then we use
cubic spline interpolation to provide both smoothness and a good approximation
of the necessary derivatives. Using the B-form of spline representation
provides us with an efficient algorithm for three-dimensional interpolation.
The table of B-spline coefficients provided can be directly used during stellar
model calculations together with the module of cubic spline interpolation. This
implementation of the SAHA-S equation of state in the CESAM2k stellar structure
and evolution code has been tested on a solar model evolved to the present. A
comparison with other equations of state is briefly discussed. The choice of a
regular net of mesh points for specific primary quantities in the SAHA-S
equation of state, together with accurate and consistently smooth tabulated
values, provides an effective algorithm of interpolation in modelling
calculations. The proposed module of interpolation procedures can be easily
adopted in other evolution codes.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Exact aymptotic expansions for the thermodynamics of hydrogen gas in the Saha regime
We consider the hydrogen quantum plasma in the Saha regime, where it almost
reduces to a partially ionized atomic gas. We briefly review the construction
of systematic expansions of thermodynamical functions beyond Saha theory, which
describes an ideal mixture of ionized protons, ionized electrons and hydrogen
atoms in their ground-state. Thanks to the existence of rigorous results, we
first identify the simultaneous low-temperature and low-density limit in which
Saha theory becomes asymptotically exact. Then, we argue that the screened
cluster representation is well suited for calculating corrections, since that
formalism accounts for all screening and recombination phenomena at work in a
more tractable way than other many-body methods. We sketch the corresponding
diagrammatical analysis, which leads to an exact asymptotic expansion for the
equation of state. That scaled low-temperature expansion improves the
analytical knowledge of the phase diagram. It also provides reliable numerical
values over a rather wide range of temperatures and densities, as confirmed by
comparisons to quantum Monte Carlo data.Comment: 10 page
Saha-Langmuir surface ionization relation
Ion production rate in cesium thermionic converter related to Saha-Langmuir surface ionization equatio
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induced Radiation Sensitization Effects on Human Cancer Cells after Photon and Hadron Radiation Exposure
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, which has been widely utilized throughout the cancer research field. SAHA-induced radiosensitization in normal human fibroblasts AG1522 and lung carcinoma cells A549 were evaluated with a combination of γ-rays, proton, and carbon ion exposure. Growth delay was observed in both cell lines during SAHA treatment; 2 μM SAHA treatment decreased clonogenicity and induced cell cycle block in G1 phase but 0.2 μM SAHA treatment did not show either of them. Low LET (Linear Energy Transfer) irradiated A549 cells showed radiosensitization effects on cell killing in cycling and G1 phase with 0.2 or 2 μM SAHA pretreatment. In contrast, minimal sensitization was observed in normal human cells after low and high LET radiation exposure. The potentially lethal damage repair was not affected by SAHA treatment. SAHA treatment reduced the rate of γ-H2AX foci disappearance and suppressed RAD51 and RPA (Replication Protein A) focus formation. Suppression of DNA double strand break repair by SAHA did not result in the differences of SAHA-induced radiosensitization between human cancer cells and normal cells. In conclusion, our results suggest SAHA treatment will sensitize cancer cells to low and high LET radiation with minimum effects to normal cell
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