5,159 research outputs found
Detection of REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder by Automated Polysomnography Analysis
Evidence suggests Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD) is
an early predictor of Parkinson's disease. This study proposes a
fully-automated framework for RBD detection consisting of automated sleep
staging followed by RBD identification. Analysis was assessed using a limited
polysomnography montage from 53 participants with RBD and 53 age-matched
healthy controls. Sleep stage classification was achieved using a Random Forest
(RF) classifier and 156 features extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG),
electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) channels. For RBD detection, a
RF classifier was trained combining established techniques to quantify muscle
atonia with additional features that incorporate sleep architecture and the EMG
fractal exponent. Automated multi-state sleep staging achieved a 0.62 Cohen's
Kappa score. RBD detection accuracy improved by 10% to 96% (compared to
individual established metrics) when using manually annotated sleep staging.
Accuracy remained high (92%) when using automated sleep staging. This study
outperforms established metrics and demonstrates that incorporating sleep
architecture and sleep stage transitions can benefit RBD detection. This study
also achieved automated sleep staging with a level of accuracy comparable to
manual annotation. This study validates a tractable, fully-automated, and
sensitive pipeline for RBD identification that could be translated to wearable
take-home technology.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Unsupervised decoding of long-term, naturalistic human neural recordings with automated video and audio annotations
Fully automated decoding of human activities and intentions from direct
neural recordings is a tantalizing challenge in brain-computer interfacing.
Most ongoing efforts have focused on training decoders on specific, stereotyped
tasks in laboratory settings. Implementing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in
natural settings requires adaptive strategies and scalable algorithms that
require minimal supervision. Here we propose an unsupervised approach to
decoding neural states from human brain recordings acquired in a naturalistic
context. We demonstrate our approach on continuous long-term
electrocorticographic (ECoG) data recorded over many days from the brain
surface of subjects in a hospital room, with simultaneous audio and video
recordings. We first discovered clusters in high-dimensional ECoG recordings
and then annotated coherent clusters using speech and movement labels extracted
automatically from audio and video recordings. To our knowledge, this
represents the first time techniques from computer vision and speech processing
have been used for natural ECoG decoding. Our results show that our
unsupervised approach can discover distinct behaviors from ECoG data, including
moving, speaking and resting. We verify the accuracy of our approach by
comparing to manual annotations. Projecting the discovered cluster centers back
onto the brain, this technique opens the door to automated functional brain
mapping in natural settings
Scan path visualization and comparison using visual aggregation techniques
We demonstrate the use of different visual aggregation techniques to obtain non-cluttered visual representations of scanpaths. First, fixation points are clustered using the mean-shift algorithm. Second, saccades are aggregated using the Attribute-Driven Edge Bundling (ADEB) algorithm that handles a saccades direction, onset timestamp, magnitude or their combination for the edge compatibility criterion. Flow direction maps, computed during bundling, can be visualized separately (vertical or horizontal components) or as a single image using the Oriented Line Integral Convolution (OLIC) algorithm. Furthermore, cosine similarity between two flow direction maps provides a similarity map to compare two scanpaths. Last, we provide examples of basic patterns, visual search task, and art perception. Used together, these techniques provide valuable insights about scanpath exploration and informative illustrations of the eye movement data
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Simultaneous mesoscopic and two-photon imaging of neuronal activity in cortical circuits.
Spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity propagates across varying spatial scales in the mammalian cortex, but technical challenges have limited conceptual links between the function of local neuronal circuits and brain-wide network dynamics. We present a method for simultaneous cellular-resolution two-photon calcium imaging of a local microcircuit and mesoscopic widefield calcium imaging of the entire cortical mantle in awake mice. Our multi-scale approach involves a microscope with an orthogonal axis design where the mesoscopic objective is oriented above the brain and the two-photon objective is oriented horizontally, with imaging performed through a microprism. We also introduce a viral transduction method for robust and widespread gene delivery in the mouse brain. These approaches allow us to identify the behavioral state-dependent functional connectivity of pyramidal neurons and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons with long-range cortical networks. Our imaging system provides a powerful strategy for investigating cortical architecture across a wide range of spatial scales
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The role of HG in the analysis of temporal iteration and interaural correlation
Epileptic Seizure Detection And Prediction From Electroencephalogram Using Neuro-Fuzzy Algorithms
This dissertation presents innovative approaches based on fuzzy logic in epileptic seizure detection and prediction from Electroencephalogram (EEG). The fuzzy rule-based algorithms were developed with the aim to improve quality of life of epilepsy patients by utilizing intelligent methods. An adaptive fuzzy logic system was developed to detect seizure onset in a patient specific way. Fuzzy if-then rules were developed to mimic the human reasoning and taking advantage of the combination in spatial-temporal domain. Fuzzy c-means clustering technique was utilized for optimizing the membership functions for varying patterns in the feature domain. In addition, application of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented for efficient classification of several commonly arising artifacts from EEG. Finally, we present a neuro-fuzzy approach of seizure prediction by applying the ANFIS. Patient specific ANFIS classifier was constructed to forecast a seizure followed by postprocessing methods. Three nonlinear seizure predictive features were used to characterize changes prior to seizure. The nonlinear features used in this study were similarity index, phase synchronization, and nonlinear interdependence. The ANFIS classifier was constructed based on these features as inputs. Fuzzy if-then rules were generated by the ANFIS classifier using the complex relationship of feature space provided during training. In this dissertation, the application of the neuro-fuzzy algorithms in epilepsy diagnosis and treatment was demonstrated by applying the methods on different datasets. Several performance measures such as detection delay, sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared with results reported in literature. The proposed algorithms have potentials to be used in diagnostics and therapeutic applications as they can be implemented in an implantable medical device to detect a seizure, forecast a seizure, and initiate neurostimulation therapy for the purpose of seizure prevention or abortion
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