A Successful Experience of Traceability System for the Case of Yin Chuan Organic Farm in Taiwan

In Taiwan, the traceability system (TS) of whole food chain is in infantile time. Yin Chuan Organic Farm, constituted by the team of rice production and marketing (TRPM), is the first brand in Taiwan rice market. The leader of TRPM is not only to produce the premising rice quality, but also to implement the (TS) that was introduced by Taiwan government with a great result and could be a successful experience passed to other proprietors. The findings of this paper are listed as following: 1. The TS executed by the case is only emphasized on the production side that needs to build more detailed marketing side. 2. The key successful factor to get sound TS model is to have obvious purposes and system harmony.traceability system, food safety, organic food, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

A socio-economic problem regarding poplar plantation and a problem solving model by AHP

The current research presents the best solution for socio-economic problem regarding poplar plantation in Eastern and Western Azerbaijan, Iran. Planting fast growing species such as poplar is highly profitable in wood farming in Eastern and Western Azerbaijan, hence identification of socio-economic qualifications of poplar plantation would solve the problems of wood and paper industries regarding wood supply in the coming decade. Assuming previous researches and visiting poplar plantation surfaces in the so-called provinces, 51 sub-criteria were identified. These sub-criteria were categorized in five major groups: application, economic and financial, social and cultural, technical, and infrastructure. The priority and weight of the criteria and sub-criteria were determined through survey the experts and poplar farmers in wood and paper industries and poplar plantation. The findings revealed that economic and financial aspects are the most important criteria, and the sub-criteria of pre-purchase contract, water sources, and improved species have the highest priorities, respectively. For selecting the best optimized solution in the provinces, three groups of alternatives were selected: poplar farmer promotion and education using national and foreign experts, offering multiple facilities, and increasing the participation of wood and paper industries and investors with respect to poplar farmers’ problems. To select the best solution, a questionnaire was designed and administered among the experts, and then evaluated considering the sub-criteria. The results of synthesizing by AHP and Expert Choice software indicated that polar farmer promotion and education through national and foreign experts’ contribution is the best solution for providing proper situation of poplar plantation in the area and consumption of wood and paper industries. The result of sensitivity analysis indicated that economic & financial, technical and structural criteria are more sensitive when affect the solutions

Multi-level processes of integration and disintegration. Proceedings of the Third Green Week Scientific Conference

CONTENTS: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... I; ABOUT THE MACE PROJECT... III; PLENARY PRESENTATION ... 1; Landscape agroecology: Managing interactions between agriculture, nature and socio-economy... 3, Tommy Dalgaard; DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN RURAL AREAS ... 13; Patterns of rural development in mountainous areas of the Mediterranean: Between innovation and tradition ... 15, Angela Guarino; Agro ecology: Hypothesis for a sustainable local development?... 22, Silvia Doneddu; The farmers' early retirement scheme as an instrument of structural changes in the rural areas after Poland's accession to the EU ... 29, Michal Dudek; FOOD MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL MARKETING... 37; G/Local brand challenges in the Austrian agricultural food market ... 39, Bernadette Frech, Ana Azevedo, Hildegard Liebl; Willingness of food industry companies to co-finance collective agricultural marketing actions... 48, Anikó Tóth, Csaba Forgács; MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE ... 57; The role of multifunctional agriculture for rural development in Bulgaria... 59, Violeta Dirimanova; A methodological review of multifunctional agriculture ... 66, Concettina Guarino, Francesco Di Iacovo; A spatially explicit decision-making support tool for integral rural development ... 75, Catherine Pfeifer, Jetse Stoorvogel; AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND NETWORKS IN RURAL AREAS... 89; Feasibility and implementation strategies of dairy extension in Ulaanbaatar/Mongolia... 91, Baast Erdenebolor, Volker Hoffmann; The relevance of social networks for the implementation of the LEADER programme in Romania ... 99, Doris Marquardt, Gertrud Buchenrieder, Judith Möllers; Quality assessment problems of agricultural advisory centres' services... 113, Gunta Grinberga; INTEGRATION PROCESSES INTO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS... 125; Competition or market power in the Ukrainian meat supply chain? ... 127, Andriy Matyukha, Oleksandr Perekhozhuk; Integration of the Hungarian cereal market into EU 15 markets ... 138, Attila Jambor; Regional specialisation of agriculture and competitive advantages of East-European countries... 146, Oleksandr Zhemoyda, Stephan J. Goetz; GOVERNANCE AND USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES ... 155; An analysis of biodiversity governance in the Kiskunság National Park according to the GoverNat Framework... 157, Cordula Mertens, Eszter Kelemen, György Pataki; Hierarchical network modelling and multicriteria analysis for agri-environmental measures in Poland ... 168, Jadwiga Ziolkowska; Assessing rural livelihood development strategies combining socioeconomic and spatial methodologies ... 179, K.C. Krishna Bahadur; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE... 189; Linking economic and energy modelling with environmental assessment when modelling the on-farm implementation of Anaerobic Digestion ... 191, Andreas Muskolus, Andrew M. Salter, Philip J. Jones; Phytoremediation of a heavy metal-contaminated agricultural area combined with energy production. Multifunctional use of energy maize, rapeseed and short rotation crops in the Campine (BE)... 200, Nele Witters, Stijn Van Slycken, Erik Meers, Kristin Adriaensen, Linda Meiresonne, Filip Tack, Theo Thewys, Jaco Vangronsveld --

Pricing strategy at the local salt industry institutional structure of East Java, Indonesia

This study aims to create a strategy to increase local salt prices in the East Java Region. The analytical method used in this study is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to create a strategy to increase local salt prices in East Java. The analysis reveals that the problems in the field can be classified into three groups of problems, namely salt quality problems, marketing problems, and problems in financing. Based on these problems, the main policy alternatives we make are product standardization, market regulation, and financial regulation

Three Essays on the Risk Management of Logistics Finance

중국은 이미 세계에서 주요 생산국과 소비국 중의 하나가 되었다. 2016년 등록한 기업이 하루 평균 15,000개 정도로서 중국 경제의 빠른 발전에 기여했다. 또 한편으로는 중소기업의 금융문제는 갈수록 어려워지고 있다. 이와 같은 문제는 중소기업에 도덕적 리스크, 정보비대칭, 영업익스포져 등 의 요소가 존재하기 때문에 은행의 중소기업에 대한 신용평가가 높지 않기 때문이다. 게다가 대출 절차가 갈수록 복잡해지고 은행이 수익을 얻기가 어려워져 중소기업도 대출을 받기가 힘들고 투자 환경이 어려워지고 있다. 이런 상황에서 물류금융이 새로운 금융방식으로서 나타났다. 물류금융은 물류산업의 세 당사자 - 중소기업, 은행 및 물류기업 - 에게 효과적인 금융플랫폼을 제공할 수 있다. 물류금융은 중소기업의 금융문제를 해결할 뿐만 아니라 은행과 물류기업에게 새로운 이윤창출 방식을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 따라 세 당사자에게 모두 이익을 가져다 줄 가능성을 가져왔다. 그러나 한편으로는 새로운 리스크도 함께 왔다. 물류금융에서 발생하는 리스크문제를 해결하기 위한 방안을 찾기 위해 이 논문은 세가지 관점에서 연구를 진행해 세 개의 에세이로 분석했다. 첫 번째, 게임이론을 바탕으로 물류금융의 신용리스크 관리를 연구한다. (EssayⅠ) 첫 번째 에세이에서는 먼저 은행 및 물류기업이 직면한 신용리스크를 분석한다. 다음으로 게임이론을 이용하여 은행과 중소기업 간의 관계를 분석하고, 물류기업을 도입해서 세 당사자 간의 게임적인 방식을 분석한다. 이를 통해 은행이 감독하는 확률, 중소기업의 신뢰도의 확률 및 물류기업이 계약을 이행하는 확률을 찾아 신용리스크의 이론적인 근거를 제시한다. 중소기업과 물류기업의 신용불안요소 및 위약요소를 찾는 과정에서 아래와 같은 정책을 제언했다. 1. 은행과 물류기업이 중소기업 신용관리 플랫폼을 설리하고 모든 정보를 공유한다. 2. 은행과 물류기업의 협력관계를 강화해야 한다. 3. 은행이 고객의 재무자료 데이터뱅크 시스템을 완성시키고 감독비용을 최소화 시킨다. 4. 물류기업과 중소기업의 감독관리를 강화하고 중소기업 신용불량 상황의 발생을 최소화시킨다. 두 번째, 통합신용보장방식에 있어 은행의 물류기업 리스크 평가 모델을 설정한다. (Essay II) 두 번째 에세이에서는 먼저 통합신용보장방식에서 은행이 직면하는 리스크를 변별하고 다음으로 기업의 재무지표를 활용하여 요인분석모델을 설정한다. 물류기업 금융리스크의 주요 지표를 분석하고 물류기업의 금융리스크를 계량화 분석한다. 통합신용보장방식에서 은행의 기업 선택표준을 제공한다. 물류기업의 금융리스크는 주로 경영현황, 부채상환 능력, 수익성, 성장성 등에서 비롯된다. 이 논문은 통합신용보장방식에서 은행에게 기업의 선택표준을 제공하며 이를 통해 은행의 물류기업에 대한 심사효율성과 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이 논문은 은행이 물류기업의 담보계좌(担保账户)를 설립하고 물류기업의 재무 분석 플랫폼을 구축해야 한다고 제안한다. 그리고 상장한 물류기업의 연도 보고서를 충실히 작성하고, 은행의 기업관리기관, 세무기관 간의 소통체계를 강화해야 하고 물류기업의 재무리스크 관리를 강화해야 한다. 그리고 물류기업의 거래대금에 대한 관리를 강화해야 한다. 세 번째, 통합신용보장방식에서 물류기업의 중소기업 선택방법을 연구한다. (Essay III) 세 번째 에세이에서는 먼저 물류기업이 직면한 리스크를 변별하고, AHP과 LP기법을 활용하여, 창고의 한정량과 대출한도를 제약조건으로 하는 물류기업의 중소기업에 대한 적정 대출 규모 모델을 설정한다. 그 결과 물류기업의 이윤 극대화를 보장하기 위하여 아래와 같이 몇 가지 제안을 한다. 1. 물류기업 창고의 한정량에 대한 경보시스템을 구축하고 담보물의 저장 공간을 확보해야 한다. 2. 담보물에 대한 평가체계를 완성하고 물류기업 담보물가치의 적절성을 확보해야 한다. 3. 중소기업에 대한 신용평가 플랫폼을 구축하고 물류기업 대출의 안전성을 확보해야 한다. 위 내용을 전체적으로 보면 이 논문은 물류금융의 리스크 관리상에 세 가지 문제를 연구했다. 그리고 물류금융리스크의 관리에 대해 전략적인 제안을 제시했다. 이와 같이 보완된 물류금융은 중국경제를 지속적으로 발전시킬 수 있다고 예측한다.Korean Abstract viii INTRODUCTION: General Remarks & Literature Review 1 1.1 Background and Objective 1 1.2 Scope and Methodology of the Study 5 1.3 Structure and Contents 6 1.4 Literature Review 8 1.4.1 The Theoretical Study of Logistics Finance 8 1.4.2 Study of Logistics Finance Risk Management 13 ESSAY I: The Credit Risk Management of Three Parties in Logistics Finance-Using Game Theory 17 1. Introduction 17 1.1 Background and Objective 17 1.2 Scope and Methodology of the Study 18 1.2.1 Scope of the Study 18 1.2.2 Methodology of the Study 18 1.3 Structure and Contents 21 1.4 Literature Review 22 2. Identification of Logistics Financial Credit Risk 25 2.1 Relationship among the Three Principal Delegates 25 2.2 Identification of Credit Risk 26 2.2.1 The Credit Risk of Bank 26 2.2.2 The Credit Risk of Logistics Company 27 2.2.3 The Cause of the Credit Risk 27 3. Game Analysis 30 3.1 Game Analysis between Banks and SMEs 30 3.1.1 Hypothesis 31 3.1.2 Model Building 32 3.1.3 Model Solving 33 3.2 Tripartite Game Model 35 3.2.1 Model Hypothesis 35 3.2.2 Model Building 38 3.2.3 Model Solving 39 4. Policy Implication 45 5. Summary of Essay I 45 ESSAY II: The Risk Management of Bank Selecting Logistics Company Under Unified Credit Guarantee Mode 47 1. Introduction 47 1.1 Background and Objective 47 1.2 Scope and Methodology of the Study 48 1.2.1 Scope of the Study 48 1.2.2 Methodology of the Study 49 1.3 Structure and Contents 51 1.4 Literature Review 52 2. The Risk of Banks under Unified Guarantee Credit Mode 55 2.1. Operational Process of Unified Guarantee Credit Mode 55 2.2. The Risk of Bank under Unified Guarantee Credit Mode 56 3. Index Establishment 57 3.1 Bank Assessment Contents 57 3.2 Establishment of Financial Index System 59 3.3 Explanation of Data Indicators 61 4. Factor Analysis 70 4.1 Data Collect 70 4.2 Model Building 70 4.3 Model Solving 72 4.4 Model Comprehensive Evaluation 75 5. Policy Implication 76 6. Summary of Essay II 77 ESSAY III: The Risk Management of Logistics Company Selecting SME Under Unified Credit Guarantee Mode 79 1. Introduction 79 1.1 Background and Objective 79 1.2 Scope and Methodology of the Study 79 1.2.1 Scope of the Study 79 1.2.2 Methodology of the Study 80 1.3 Structure and Contents 84 1.4 Literature Review 85 2. Risk Identification of Logistics Company 88 2.1 Credit Risk from SME 89 2.2 Risks from Mortgage 89 2.3 Risks of Internal 90 2.4 Risks from External 90 3. Model Building and Solving 90 3.1 AHP Analysis 90 3.1.1 Analytic Hierarchy Chart of SME's Risk Assessment 90 3.1.2 Hypothesis 92 3.2 LP Analysis 96 3.2.1 The Establishment of Objective Function 96 3.2.2 Restrictions 97 3.2.3 Model Calculating 98 4. Policy Implication 99 5. Summary of Essay III 100 Summary and Conclusion 102 1.1 Summary of Research 102 1.2 Conclusion of Research 105 1.3 Research Prospects in the Future 108 Reference 110 Acknowledgment 118Docto

Personal determinants of organic food consumption: a review

Purpose - A lot of literature is available that discusses personal determinants of organic food consumption. However different models and determinants are used in the literature. This paper aims to provide an overview, within a framework linking Schwartz' values theory and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Also it seeks to focus on the importance of affective attitude, emotions, personal norm, involvement and uncertainty related to organic food consumption. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on secondary data sources, namely the literature concerning personal determinants of organic food consumption. Findings - Both the values theory and the theory of planned behaviour have been referred to as relevant theories for better understanding consumers' choice for organic food. Organic food consumption decisions can be explained by relating attributes of organic food with more abstract values such as "security", "hedonism", "universalism", "benevolence", "stimulation", "self-direction" and "conformity". Appealing to these values can positively influence attitudes towards organic food consumption. Besides attitude, subjective and personal norm and (perceived) behavioural control influence consumption of organic food. Research limitations/implications - More research related to the role of uncertainty (reduction) during the process of buying organic food is recommended. Practical implications - Relatively little research has examined the affective component of attitude and emotions in relation to organic food consumption, while these may play an important role as drivers of involvement and thus help to jolt food purchasers out of their routine of buying conventional food and set a first step to adopt organic food. Originality/value - To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper providing a comprehensive overview and linking the literature on organic food consumption to the values theory and the theory of planned behaviour, including the role of personal norm and focusing on emotions. The proposed integration of mental processing in an organic food consumption model leads to interesting hypotheses and recommendations for policy makers, researchers and stakeholders involved in the organic food market

Improved resource efficiency and cascading utilisation of renewable materials

In light of various environmental problems and challenges concerning resource allocation, the utilisation of renewable resources is increasingly important for the efficient use of raw materials. Therefore, cascading utilisation (i.e., the multiple material utilisations of renewable resources prior to their conversion into energy) and approaches that aim to further increase resource efficiency (e.g., the utilisation of by-products) can be considered guiding principles. This paper therefore introduces the Special Volume “Improved Resource Efficiency and Cascading Utilisation of Renewable Materials”. Because both research aspects, resource efficiency and cascading utilisation, belong to several disciplines, the Special Volume adopts an interdisciplinary perspective and presents 16 articles, which can be divided into four subjects: Innovative Materials based on Renewable Resources and their Impact on Sustainability and Resource Efficiency, Quantitative Models for the Integrated Optimisation of Production and Distribution in Networks for Renewable Resources, Information Technology-based Collaboration in Value Generating Networks for Renewable Resources, and Consumer Behaviour towards Eco-friendly Products. The interdisciplinary perspective allows a comprehensive overview of current research on resource efficiency, which is supplemented with 15 book reviews showing the extent to which textbooks of selected disciplines already refer to resource efficiency. This introductory article highlights the relevance of the four subjects, presents summaries of all papers, and discusses future research directions. The overall contribution of the Special Volume is that it bridges the resource efficiency research of selected disciplines and that it presents several approaches for more environmentally sound production and consumption

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORT COMPETITIVENESS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: FROM THE THAI CONTAINER PORTS’ PERSPECTIVE

이 논문의 목적은 동남아 지역에서의 컨테이너항만간 경쟁력 특히 태국의 Laem Chabang 컨테이너항만의 경쟁력을 알아보기 위해 인근의 몇몇 관련 항만들 사이의 경쟁력을 분석하고 평가하는 데에 있다. 이 연구에서는 두 가지 관점에서 연구를 진행하였다. 즉 우선적으로 태국 컨테이너항의 경쟁력 파악을 위해 태국의 컨테이너항만 산업환경에 대해 살펴본 후, 인근 경쟁항만과 관련하여 태국 컨테이너항의 잠재적 경쟁력 제고를 위해서는 어떠한 기준과 방안들이 있는가를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이 논문에서는 정성적 및 정량적인 분석 방법을 동시에 사용하였다. 즉 설문 조사, 인터뷰 그리고 현장 조사를 통해 얻은 자료를 이용하여 계량적 분석을 시도하였다. 구체적인 기법으로는 요인분석과 주성분분석 방법을 통해 얻은 항만경쟁력 결정변수를 AHP 기법을 이용하여 인근 항만과 비교를 시도하였으며, 이를 통해 태국 컨테이너항만의 경쟁력 파악 및 이의 제고를 위한 방안을 제시하고 자 하였다. 이상의 결과를 요약컨대, 태국 컨테이너항만 산업과 관련하여 여러 면에서 부정적인 요소가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 분석을 통해 볼 때, 태국 컨테이너항만의 경쟁력은 잠재력이 매우 높으로며 미래지향적임을 파악할 수 가 있었다.The main objective of this thesis is to explore and assess the competitive advantages of Thai container port (with a particular emphasis on Laem Chabang) in comparison with some other container ports in the region. The research concentrates on answering two significant questions: What is the condition of container port industry environment in Thailand in relation to the competitive advantages of Thai container port? What specific criteria are important to the potential competitive advantages of Thai container port in relation to the competitors? The research needed to find the answers to these questions has been done by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The field study has been done through questionnaires and interviews, and customer responses have been analyzed to find the level of competitive advantage performance by Thai container port. The findings indicate that there is a negative environment surrounding the multi-dimensional Thai container port industry, but that the level of competitive advantages could be higher in the future.Declaration i Approval page ii Abstract iii Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vi List of Tables ix List of Figures xii List of Abbreviations xiii Organizational Chart of Thesis xv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 International Trade and Container Ports 1 1.2 Thailand’s Container Ports and International trade 3 1.3 Literature Survey and Objective of Thesis 5 1.4 Methodology and Structure of Thesis 11 CHAPTER TWO: THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THAILAND 2.1 Geographical Features of Thailand 13 2.2 Structure of Thailand’s Economy 16 2.3 Thailand’s International Trade 20 2.3.1 Exports 20 2.3.2 Imports 21 2.4 Structure of Container Industry in Thailand 24 2.5 Port Industry of Thailand 33 2.6 The Projection of Container Port Service Demand in Thailand 40 2.7 Summary 41 CHAPTER THREE: THEORETICAL AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO COMPETITIVE MAESUREMENT OF CONTAINER PORTS 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Competitive Advantage Strategy Formulation 43 3.3 The Competitive Advantages of Seaports 59 3.4 Conceptual Framework of Container Ports’ Competitive Advantage Measurement 70 3.4.1 The Process of Analysis Methodology 70 3.4.2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 71 3.4.3 The Analytic Hierarchy Process 77 3.5 The Field Survey Statement 86 3.6 Summary 87 CHAPTER FOUR: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORT COMPETITIVENESS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 4.1 The Environments of Container Ports in Thailand 88 4.2 Container Ports’ Environment Quantitative Analysis 94 4.3 The Container Ports’ Competitive Advantages Analysis 99 4.3.1 The Statistical Results of PCA Analysis 101 4.3.2 The Analysis of Potential Competitive Factors 105 4.4 Summary 121 CHAPTER FIVE: THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THAILAND’S CONTAINER PORTS 5.1 General Views of Competitive Advantages of Thailand’s Container Ports 124 5.2 Thailand’s Container Port Environments 125 5.3 The Competitive Advantages’ Implications of Laem Chabang Container Port 129 5.4 Summary 135 CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 6.1 Conclusion 136 6.2 Fecommendations 138 6.3 Further Research Suggestions 141 Bibliography 142 Questionnaire 15

The Evidence Base for Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of “Sustainable” Certification

Initiatives certifying that farms and firms adhere to predefined environmental and social welfare production standards are increasingly popular. According to proponents, they create financial incentives for farms and firms to improve their environmental and socioeconomic performance. This paper reviews the evidence on whether sustainable certification of agricultural commodities and tourism operations actually has such benefits. It identifies empirical ex post farm-level studies of certification, classifies them on the basis of whether they use methods likely to generate credible results, summarizes their findings, and considers the implications for future research. We conclude that empirical evidence that sustainable certification has significant benefits is limited. We identify just 37 relevant studies, only 14 of which use methods likely to generate credible results. Of these 14 studies, only 6 find that certification has environmental or socioeconomic benefits. This evidence can be expanded by incorporating rigorous, independent evaluation into the design and implementation of projects promoting sustainable certification.sustainable, certification, eco-label, literature review

Fish Supply Chain Model at the Gentuma Fishing Port, North Gorontalo Regency

It is hoped that the results of this study can become a guideline or benchmark for the supply chain system, especially for fishermen, collectors and business actors engaged in activities that support the Gentuma fish catch industry. The model displays latent or non-latent relationships and reciprocal relationships in terms of . This multifactor or multicriteria model will address complex problems as a kind of hierarchy. This research utilizes two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with the parties involved, including fishermen and suppliers as well as companies that play a role in the supply chain. Hierarchy is defined as the representation of complex problems in a multi-level structure, where the first level is the goal, followed by the factor level, criteria level, sub-criteria level, and so on until the last alternative level. Hierarchies allow complex problems to be broken down into easier and smaller to manage subproblems, then broken down into more manageable and smaller subproblems. The conclusions that can be drawn from the research are as follows: This research identifies a supply chain model where the distribution flow of commodities and information is only for the domestic market. One of the efforts made by fishermen is to cut the supply chain at the collector level, which allows them to sell fish at a higher price than the price purchased by collectors. The majority of fishermen are willing to be involved in the supply chain, but there are several factors that can be used as a measure of fishermen's willingness, namely the influence of price changes at the collector level, the collector's commitment to complying with payments, and norms in selling fish to financiers