A Comprehensive Study on Printed Circuit Board Backdoor Coupling in High Intensity Radiated Fields Environments

Due to the prevalence of unintentional electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the growth of intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) or high power microwave (HPM) sources, it is now more important than ever to understand how electronic systems are affected by high intensity radiated fields (HIRF) environments. Both historic events and experimental testing have demonstrated that HIRF environments are capable of disrupting and potentially damaging critical systems including but not limited to civil and military aircraft, industrial control systems (ICS), and internet of things (IoT) devices. However, there is limited understanding on the complex electromagnetic interactions that lead to such effects. This study provides unique insight into the backdoor coupling mechanisms associated with printed circuit boards (PCBs) as well as design techniques for reducing electromagnetic coupling in HIRF environments. Among existing literature, there is very little quantification of PCB coupling leading to multiple gaps in understanding. In this study, both PCB plane coupling and PCB trace coupling are explored under various conditions using 3D full-wave electromagnetic modeling and experimental testing. Data is provided for each individual technique as well as combinations of techniques which show greater immunity. Through this comprehensive study on PCB backdoor coupling, this work demonstrates that simple and explainable techniques can be incorporated into multi-layer PCB designs to mitigate coupling in HIRF environments. Additionally, variations in PCB layout as well as plane wave angle of incidence and polarization are explored to ensure that the conclusions are broadly applicable. It is expected that the information in this study as well as future work in this area will enable hardening design guidelines in order to reduce coupling and therefore better protect systems in such harsh electromagnetic environments

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation for Industry and Biomedical Applications

This book highlights original research and high-quality technical briefs on electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering, and their applications in industry and biomedical engineering. It also presents recent research achievements in the theoretical, computational, and experimental aspects of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering. The book is divided into three sections. Section 1 consists of chapters with general mathematical methods and approaches to the forward and inverse problems of wave propagation. Section 2 presents the problems of wave propagation in superconducting materials and porous media. Finally, Section 3 discusses various industry and biomedical applications of electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering

Comparison of EMP and HERO programs

Because of the unique features of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and Hazardous Electromagnetic Effects on Ordnance (HERO), much research and money has gone into protecting weapon systems and ordnance against it. The EMP and HERO phenomena do have a variety of differences and require differences of hardening technique to protect against it. However, they both involve radiation effects and can prematurely initiate ordnance via the electroexplosive device (EED). Protection of weapon systems and ordnance against electronic damage and upset plus EED initiation takes on more of an art form rather than science once basic principles are applied. Nevertheless by relating these two programs via the initiating temperature of the EED. they can be accurately compared with each other. Because of this observation, the two programs can be effectively combined to work jointly on ordnance hardening and protection including all forms of radiation type hazards, present and future.http://archive.org/details/comparisonofemph00bogaLieutenant. United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Blackstarting the North American power grid after a nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) event or major solar storm

The electric power grid is our most critical infrastructure. This key resource provides the energy required for all other infrastructures to function. In modern times, electricity has become necessary to sustain life. The power grid in the U.S. is a target for terrorists and is vulnerable to naturally-occurring events. Numerous assessments have been performed on the vulnerability of our national power grid to both manmade and natural events.1 Two significant wide-area threats against our power grid are solar storms and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attacks. Solar storms are naturally-occurring events that have the potential to create large-scale blackouts that could potentially affect more than 50% of the U.S. population.2 EMP attacks occur when nuclear weapons are detonated at high altitudes; although there is no threat of direct blast or radiation dangers to humans, EMP events can wreck power grids. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of EMP events and solar storms on the U.S. power grid, little has been done to plan for restarting or “blackstarting” the power grid after such an event. If electricity from unaffected areas is not available, the blackstart process becomes much more challenging. The procedures required to blackstart the power grid following a wide area outage are very different from the procedures used to restart the power grid following the major but limited blackouts that have occurred to date such as the 2003 Northeast blackout. This document develops a starting point for blackstarting the U.S. power grid based on likely effects on critical infrastructures caused by solar storms and EMP events. Previous regional blackstarts were assessed to glean empirical information on aspects that could be extrapolated to a national blackstart contingenc

RF environment survey of Space Shuttle related EEE frequency bands

Radio frequency assignments within the continental United States in frequency bands between 121 MHz abd 65 GHz were surveyed and analyzed in order to determine current utilization of anticipated frequency bands for the shuttle borne electromagnetic environment experiment. Data from both government and nongovernment files were used. Results are presented in both narrative form and in histograms which show the total number of unclassified assignments versus frequency and total assigned power versus frequency

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

The Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all DOD components

Testing and Analysis of an Alternative Connection Method in Closed Panel Timber Frame Domestic Construction

Construction practices continue to evolve in tandem with the requirements for more energy efficient buildings, materials and construction methods. This steady and progressive move towards the development of the industry and its products comes, not in leaps and bounds, but in incremental advances across all areas of construction. The research detailed in this project is one such advancement. Timber frame construction has been in existence for centuries and its tried and tested methods have been utilised worldwide in both domestic and industrial building. In recent times, standard open panel timber frame construction has been enhanced by the development of closed panel timber frame construction. This method of timber frame construction permits more of the structure to be pre-fabricated in a factory setting resulting in less material exposure to weather conditions during construction. This research project examines the development of a new connection method in the assembly of closed panel timber frame walls which allows entire wall-panels to be pre-fabricated before deployment to site. The new connection method is achieved using tapered aluminium alloy fasteners pre-installed on each wall panel before on-site assembly. With the aid of a timber frame construction company, an action research process was put in place to critically assess and develop the application of the connection method across four live construction projects. Achieving a satisfactory connection detail then allowed for more considered structural and thermal testing to take place. A Thermal assessment of the details was carried out using both thermograhic camera surveys and thermal simulation software. Both compressive and lateral force structural tests were carried out on scale model wall panels in order to accurately compare the new connection method with that of a traditional screw-fixed connection detail. The results obtained from both forms of testing support and give impetus to the use of the new connection detail in preference to existing practices for future timber framed construction

Compilation of thesis abstracts, September 2009

NPS Class of September 2009This quarter’s Compilation of Abstracts summarizes cutting-edge, security-related research conducted by NPS students and presented as theses, dissertations, and capstone reports. Each expands knowledge in its field.http://archive.org/details/compilationofsis109452751

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 202)

This bibliography lists 447 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1986

INTER-ENG 2020

These proceedings contain research papers that were accepted for presentation at the 14th International Conference Inter-Eng 2020 ,Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, which was held on 8–9 October 2020, in Târgu Mureș, Romania. It is a leading international professional and scientific forum for engineers and scientists to present research works, contributions, and recent developments, as well as current practices in engineering, which is falling into a tradition of important scientific events occurring at Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology in the George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania. The Inter-Eng conference started from the observation that in the 21st century, the era of high technology, without new approaches in research, we cannot speak of a harmonious society. The theme of the conference, proposing a new approach related to Industry 4.0, was the development of a new generation of smart factories based on the manufacturing and assembly process digitalization, related to advanced manufacturing technology, lean manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing tools and equipment. The conference slogan was “Europe’s future is digital: a broad vision of the Industry 4.0 concept beyond direct manufacturing in the company”