Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops

This open access book constitutes papers from the 5 research workshops, the poster presentations, as well as two panel discussions which were presented at XP 2021, the 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, which was held online during June 14-18, 2021. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. The 18 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from overall 37 submissions. They stem from the following workshops: 3rd International Workshop on Agile Transformation 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Agile Development 1st International Workshop on Agile Sustainability 4th International Workshop on Software-Intensive Business 2nd International Workshop on Agility with Microservices Programmin

Evaluation of formal IDEs for human-machine interface design and analysis: the case of CIRCUS and PVSio-web

Critical human-machine interfaces are present in many systems including avionics systems and medical devices. Use error is a concern in these systems both in terms of hardware panels and input devices, and the software that drives the interfaces. Guaranteeing safe usability, in terms of buttons, knobs and displays is now a key element in the overall safety of the system. New integrated development environments (IDEs) based on formal methods technologies have been developed by the research community to support the design and analysis of high-confidence human-machine interfaces. To date, little work has focused on the comparison of these particular types of formal IDEs. This paper compares and evaluates two state-of-the-art toolkits: CIRCUS, a model-based development and analysis tool based on Petri net extensions, and PVSio-web, a prototyping toolkit based on the PVS theorem proving system.This work is partially supported by: Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000016, financed by the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, and through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) PhD scholarship

Development of Electronic Fishery Information Systems for West Coast and National Fisheries: Proceedings of Two Workshops, May 3-4, 2011 Portland, OR, September 8-9, 2011 Seattle, WA, Final Report, June 2012

Fisheries nationwide are facing major challenges that require collection of real time (RT) and near real time (NRT) information. High-resolution RT and NRT data are critical for addressing a variety of fishery needs including quota accounting, observer coverage, bycatch management, electronic logbook and fish ticket requirements, research and monitoring, spatial mapping, and product tracking and marketing. But there are major questions about the development and use of these electronic fishery information systems (eFIS): Who owns the data and how will they be shared? Can data be used to improve the economic success of the industry while also meeting regulatory requirements? How do we avoid costly and duplicative systems? And how do we ensure that systems designed to share data also protect individual privacy? The transition to RT and NRT electronic systems poses potential benefits but also raises major questions. This document summarizes the proceedings of two workshops to discuss implementation of eFIS for West Coast (May 3-4, 2011 in Portland, OR) and national (September 8-9, 2011 in Seattle, WA) fisheries. At each workshop stakeholders discussed critical issues and developed recommendations for designing and implementing eFIS systems. A number of important principles emerged about which there was general consensus within and across the two workshops. These principles form a set of findings and recommendations to guide successful eFIS developmen

European Spectrum Management Principles, 23 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 277 (2005)

Any discussion of European policies is a complicated one, in part because the word Europe means different things to different people. At the present time, the European Union has expanded to twenty-five countries and more countries may become provisional members within the next years. These countries represent a multitude of cultures, languages, and legal traditions so talking about a European approach to a given matter is to risk making inherently flawed generalizations about diverse peoples, cultures, and systems. However, one generalization is rather safe to assert: the traditional regulatory model in Europe has been based on a state-run monopoly structure that has concretely changed only within the past ten years while private ownership of telecommunications networks is a very new concept, as is the growth and consolidation of equipment providers. The article starts with covering aspects of developing laws within the European Union, as well as discusses member countries\u27 attempts to coordinate their regulatory efforts in a relentless move away from telecommunications monopolies and towards free markets. This concept of spectrum management at the European Union level has begun only recently because frequencies have traditionally been allocated, allotted, and assigned by the individual states. It then provides an overview of the important technology-related actions taken by the European Union in past years, including the implementation of technology promotion programs such as the RACE program and the passage of the new framework for telecommunications and its associated Radio Spectrum Decision. By analyzing past actions and based on the success of European lawmaking in spite of distance, language and cultural differences as well as the radical change of telecommunications management from a process of coordination among government telecommunication ministries to a more complicated consensus-building procedure among private industries the author predicts that the trends toward the continued privatization of telecommunications and the transfer of responsibility from the public to the private realm will become stronger in the future, especially since a strong communications framework is not only a matter of importance to the public, but it is also critical to the European Union\u27s ability to function smoothly as an economic community

Acquisition cost estimating methodology for aircraft conceptual design

The research was conducted in the light of a training programme which will train a total of 150 engineers of AVIC I in Cranfield University during a period of 3 years. Cost has become an essential driver to aircraft design, as well as performances due to either the limited defence budget or competitive airline market. Consequently, knowing the possible cost prior to making actual expenditure will help managers to make proper decisions and allocate resources efficiently, and designers to optimize their work. Existing aircraft cost estimating models are outdated and mainly based on a database including both military and civil aircraft with various missions. This research concentrated on commercial jet aircraft and was to develop a suitable acquisition cost estimating methodology for conceptual design from a commercial aircraft manufacturer’s perspective. The literature reviewing took a comprehensive overview of some widely-applied cost estimating methods: Analogy, Parametric, Bottom-up, Feature-based costing, Activitybased costing (ABC), Expert judgement, and etc. Some practical cost models were also reviewed to learn the application of cost estimating in the aerospace industry. Then, analogy and parametric approaches were selected to perform the methodology development considering the limited data available at the conceptual design phase. An investigation was deployed to identify the actual problems in practice. The results helped to recognize the needs of industry. Also, the preparation works for development are presented to understand the environment. With subjective judgement and statistical techniques, a series of cost estimating relationships (CERs) were achieved, in which some historic explanatory parameters remained or were eliminated, and some new ones introduced. Size of aircraft became another variable besides weight. As to engines, all developed explanatory variables have been revealed in prior researches. The validation of CERs proves that they can provide reliable cost estimates with high accuracy and can be applied to conceptual design. In addition, a case study was conducted using a baseline aircraft defined in the group design project (GDP) and presents cost forecasting for the proposed aircraft. At last, discussion and conclusion presents an overview of the research. A framework for cost estimating system can be educed. Also, the future work is proposed for in-depth research

A Description of the "Crow's Foot" Tunnel Concept

NASA Langley Research Center has actively pursued the development and the use of pictorial or three-dimensional perspective displays of tunnel-, pathway- or highway-in-the-sky concepts for presenting flight path information to pilots in all aircraft categories (e.g., transports, General Aviation, rotorcraft) since the late 1970s. Prominent among these efforts has been the development of the crow s foot tunnel concept. The crow's foot tunnel concept emerged as the consensus pathway concept from a series of interactive workshops that brought together government and industry display designers, test pilots, and airline pilots to iteratively design, debate, and fly various pathway concepts. Over years of use in many simulation and flight test activities at NASA and elsewhere, modifications have refined and adapted the tunnel concept for different applications and aircraft categories (i.e., conventional transports, High Speed Civil Transport, General Aviation). A description of those refinements follows the definition of the original tunnel concept

Financial incentives for low-carbon transition: from citizens to professional investors

Decarbonisation of the global economy requires an energy transition of exceptional scope, depth and speed, and a doubling of the current level of investment in low-carbon technologies. However, the risk perception of individual market participants—a key determinant of the pace at which these technologies will be deployed—is an under-addressed theme in the academic literature. In this thesis the risk-return preferences and investment attributes that are attractive to different types of investors are investigated, with a view to informing the design of financial incentives introduced by Governments. In Chapter 2 the literature assessing the impact of technology-specific financial incentives on the levels of investment in low carbon technologies from local citizen investors is evaluated. It is concluded that feed in tariffs, grants and tax incentives can be successful in mobilising greater levels of investment from non-traditional investors, but that soft loans are less effective as a stand-alone instrument. In the following chapter, a novel analytical approach is introduced to explore the use of financial incentives in key jurisdictions to overcome barriers to investment from local citizen actors. The importance of instrument design over instrument choice emerged from this analysis. The requirement for incentives at feasibility and development stages of renewable projects also emerged as a distinguishing feature of projects with citizen involvement, reflecting the high risk-aversion of these actors, as well as their inability to manage risk across a portfolio of projects. At later project stages, market-independent supports (feed in tariffs, grants and tax incentives) were found to have been effectively deployed, however, more market-based instruments (feed in premiums and quota schemes) were also found to be effective if tailored to the specific needs of citizen investors. In Chapter 4 the risk-return preferences of a representative sample of citizen investors in Ireland—a market with no citizen investment tradition—were explored using a choice experiment. A high level of interest in investing in wind, solar, biomass and waste-to-energy projects was uncovered, however, a majority of citizens were found to be highly risk-averse, and investment amounts were low compared to equity required for larger projects. These findings suggest that greater levels of investment capital could be mobilized from citizen investors using specifically tailored incentives. However, these actors can only make a limited overall contribution, and promoting greater levels of investment from professional investors is crucial if climate objectives are to be met. In Chapter 5, semi-structured interviews and an on-line survey were therefore used to compare attitudes to stranding risk for investors in power generation assets with investors in financial assets. Asset stranding risk was found to be a more prominent issue for the former cohort, suggesting that as you move along the investment chain—away from physical assets and towards financial assets—far less is known about climate risk, and it becomes increasingly challenging for investors to manage it. Managing the risks face by different investor cohorts emerges as an important means of mobilising greater levels of investment and reducing the cost of capital for low-carbon technologies, which in turn has the potential to increase the speed of energy transition. Understanding the risk-return preferences of different cohorts of investors, however, remains both understudied and underappreciated in the climate policy and climate finance literature. The findings from this study both address this literature gap and uncover several themes meriting further analysis and investigation

The Semantic Web in Federated Information Systems: A Space Physics Case Study

This paper presents a new theoretical contribution that provides a middle-of-the-road approach to formal ontologies in federated information systems. NASA’s space physics domain, like many other domains, is relatively unfamiliar with the emerging Semantic Web. This work offers a new framework that garners the benefits of formal logic yet shields participants and users from the details of the technology. Moreover, the results of a case study involving the utilization of the Semantic Web within NASA’s space physics domain are presented. A real-world search and retrieval system, relying on relational database technology, is compared against a near identical system that incorporates a formal ontology. The efficiency, efficacy, and implementation details of the Semantic Web are compared against the established relational database technology