??????????????? GIS??? ????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????

As remote sensing and GIS have been considered to be essential technologies for disasters information production, researches on developing methods for analyzing spatial data, and developing new technologies for such purposes, have been actively conducted. Especially, it is assumed that the use of remote sensing and GIS for disaster management will continue to develop thanks to the launch of recent satellite constellations, the use of various remote sensing platforms, the improvement of acquired data processing and storage capacity, and the advancement of artificial intelligence technology. This spatial issue presents 10 research papers regarding ship detection, building information extraction, ocean environment monitoring, flood monitoring, forest fire detection, and decision making using remote sensing and GIS technologies, which can be applied at the disaster prediction, monitoring and response stages. It is anticipated that the papers published in this special issue could be a valuable reference for developing technologies for disaster management and academic advancement of related fields. ??????????????? GIS??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????, ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? GIS ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ??????, ???????????? ??????, ????????????, ????????????, ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????? GIS ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? 10?????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????????

Spatial Information Technology for Disaster Management

Most major geohazards such as floods, forest fire and oil spills occur suddenly, and require an immediate response. This paper describes the development and establishment a spatial information technology and engineering system that uses GIS and Remote Sensing technologies to detect, monitor and assess geohazards, including floods, forest fire and oil spills. The potential application of Remote sensing and GIS techniques for floods and oil spills is discussed. The oil spill risk management system study was developed for coastal zone of Peninsular Malaysia. The development of GIS database used remotely sensed data from Landsat TM, SPOT Panchromatic and MSS, AVHRR and air-borne images. For the flood studies, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was created for Klang River Basin from the input data of contour lines. DEMs stored the data for the slope analysis, terrain analysis and also visualizing for the flood simulation. SCS TR-55 Model was used to predict the extent of inundation and depth of flooding. Parameters of rainfall, landuse and hydrological relief were adopted as the main input data. These two case studies will provide the technical guidelines for in-depth study in GIS and remote sensing for disaster managemen

A Review on the Application of Natural Computing in Environmental Informatics

Natural computing offers new opportunities to understand, model and analyze the complexity of the physical and human-created environment. This paper examines the application of natural computing in environmental informatics, by investigating related work in this research field. Various nature-inspired techniques are presented, which have been employed to solve different relevant problems. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed, together with analysis of how natural computing is generally used in environmental research.Comment: Proc. of EnviroInfo 201

Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Applications in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Malaysia

In a world today that is highly dependent on information technologies, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) has become one of advancement in spatial technologies that had been used to tackle the issue of an uncertain world. Primarily functioned with specialized capabilities in manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing the massive data from multiagencies, has opened new avenues for these technologies to be adopted in disaster management. Taking this into consideration, it leads to achieving disaster management objectives in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) which to reduce or minimize the exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise emergency preparation, and enhanced preparedness for an unfavourable situation. This paper aims to make a systematic review of literature in highlighting the significant potential of the GIS and remote sensing, integrating the aspect relevant to disasters socially and physically that helps in forming a comprehensive disaster management operations to reduce the vulnerability and strengthen the resilience to disaster. Accordingly, the paper has presented the outcomes and review of several researchers concerning the implementation of GIS and remote sensing in disaster management, specifically on disaster risk reduction. &nbsp

Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Applications in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Malaysia

In a world today that is highly dependent on information technologies, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) has become one of advancement in spatial technologies that had been used to tackle the issue of an uncertain world. Primarily functioned with specialized capabilities in manipulating, analyzing, and visualizing the massive data from multiagencies, has opened new avenues for these technologies to be adopted in disaster management. Taking this into consideration, it leads to achieving disaster management objectives in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) which to reduce or minimize the exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise emergency preparation, and enhanced preparedness for an unfavourable situation. This paper aims to make a systematic review of literature in highlighting the significant potential of the GIS and remote sensing, integrating the aspect relevant to disasters socially and physically that helps in forming a comprehensive disaster management operations to reduce the vulnerability and strengthen the resilience to disaster. Accordingly, the paper has presented the outcomes and review of several researchers concerning the implementation of GIS and remote sensing in disaster management, specifically on disaster risk reduction. &nbsp

Collaborative disaster management system - An exploratory for landslide in Malaysia

A disaster management system has active, unpredictable, and complex characteristics due to dynamic conditions with a high level of uncertainty. Non-Government Organizations (NGO)and Government organizations from different jurisdictions and sectors with different responsibilities at regular times create an emergent and complex system in response to disasters. Although being mostly demanded, the collaboration initiatives between government agencies that specifically designed to address risk management before a disaster happens is lacking in effectiveness. In the Malaysian perspective, there are organizations, such as the Public Works Department (PWD), Department of Mineral and Geosciences (DMG) and Centre of Remote Sensing (MACRES)that are involved in mitigation and preparedness of landslides disasters, but results are not encouraging due to the need of effective collaboration among these organizations. It is natural for humans to collaborate while dealing with complex problems. In this regard, we consider this process of effective collaboration in the context of information systems. Investment in the information technologies and systems, and its utilization can play a critical role in creating a complex socio-technical disaster system to coordinate organizations and jurisdictions in dynamic settings. We propose a simple model for collaboration that helps us to realize a successful risk management in disasters. A model of Collaborative Disaster Management System is then rendered based on an extended model of management of information system

Role of earth observations for sustainable development: emerging trends

Sustainable development aims at optimal use of natural resources, protection and conservation of ecological systems, and improving economic efficiency. It tries to provide food, fuel, fiber and shelter for the ever increasing world population on sustainable basis. Ecosystems like agro, coastal, forest, freshwater and grasslands, and natural disasters are some of the ideal facets for examining the magnitude of the problems and the plausible solutions that need to be generated. Decision-making for sustainable development is a complex process and involves studying trade-offs that need to be made among conflicting goals of different sectors. The present paper examines the scope for Earth Observation (EO) contributions towards the above, and tries to profile the EO capabilities vis-a-vis the systems' information needs. It further identifies the gaps, which EO needs to fulfill towards meeting either the imaging or processing needs of various applications. Considering these, in the next 6-7 years, a host of spacecraft systems carrying different sensors have been planned across the globe including India. Endeavours of NASA, ESA, India, JAXA etc. and complementary data sharing initiatives by International Charter on Space and Major Disasters and the UN agencies are expected to enlarge the scope for increased role of EO data towards the cause of sustainable development