4,049 research outputs found
A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide a wireless network infrastructure for sensed data transport in environments where wired
or satellite technologies cannot be used. Because the embedded hardware of the sensor nodes has been improved very much in the
last years and the number of real deployments is increasing considerably, they have become a reliable option for the transmission
of any type of sensed data, from few sensed measures to multimedia data. This paper proposes a new protocol that uses an ad hoc
cluster based architecture which is able to adapt the logical sensor network topology to the delivered multimedia stream features,
guaranteeing the quality of the communications. The proposed protocol uses the quality of service (QoS) parameters, such as
bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss, of each type of multimedia stream as a basis for the sensor clusters creation and organization
inside the WSN, providing end-to-end QoS for each multimedia stream. We present real experiments that show the performance
of the protocol for several video and audio cases when it is runningThis work has been partially supported by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion," through the "Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011" in the "Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental," Project TEC2011-27516. This work has also been partially supported by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, by the Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01, and by National Funding from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project.DĂaz Santos, JR.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, JM.; Rodrigues, JJPC. (2014). A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/480372S1172014Bri, D., Garcia, M., Lloret, J., & Dini, P. (2009). Real Deployments of Wireless Sensor Networks. 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications. doi:10.1109/sensorcomm.2009.69Karim, L., Anpalagan, A., Nasser, N., & Almhana, J. (2013). Sensor-based M2M Agriculture Monitoring Systems for Developing Countries: State and Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 5(3), 68. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i3.3787Edo, M., Canovas, A., Garcia, M., & Lloret, J. (s. f.). Providing VoIP and IPTV Services in WLANs. Handbook of Research on Mobility and Computing, 426-444. doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-042-6.ch028Diab, R., Chalhoub, G., & Misson, M. (2013). Overview on Multi-Channel Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 5(3), 112. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i3.3811Khoukhi, L., & Cherkaoui, S. (2010). Intelligent QoS management for multimedia services support in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Computer Networks, 54(10), 1692-1706. doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.014Abbas, C. J. B., Orozco, A. L. S., & Villalba, L. J. G. (2012). A distributed QoS mechanism for ad hoc network. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(1), 25. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2012.049282Çevik, T., & Zaim, A. H. (2013). A Multichannel Cross-Layer Architecture for Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(3), 457045. doi:10.1155/2013/457045Li, Z., Bi, J., & Chen, S. (2013). Traffic Prediction-Based Fast Rerouting Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(5), 176293. doi:10.1155/2013/176293Lloret, J., Palau, C., Boronat, F., & Tomas, J. (2008). Improving networks using group-based topologies. Computer Communications, 31(14), 3438-3450. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.05.030Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 23(3), 461-480. doi:10.1007/s11390-008-9147-6Lehsaini, M., Guyennet, H., & Feham, M. (2010). An efficient cluster-based self-organisation algorithm for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Sensor Networks, 7(1/2), 85. doi:10.1504/ijsnet.2010.031852Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., & Diaz, J. (2009). A Cluster-Based Architecture to Structure the Topology of Parallel Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 9(12), 10513-10544. doi:10.3390/s91210513Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., Jimenez, J. M., & Sendra, S. (2014). MWAHCA: A Multimedia Wireless Ad Hoc Cluster Architecture. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-14. doi:10.1155/2014/913046Wei, D., & Chan, H. (2006). Clustering Ad Hoc Networks: Schemes and Classifications. 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. doi:10.1109/sahcn.2006.288583Yu, J. Y., & Chong, P. H. J. (2005). A survey of clustering schemes for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 7(1), 32-48. doi:10.1109/comst.2005.1423333Abbasi, A. A., & Younis, M. (2007). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14-15), 2826-2841. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.024Boyinbode, O., Le, H., & Takizawa, M. (2011). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Space-Based and Situated Computing, 1(2/3), 130. doi:10.1504/ijssc.2011.040339Ramachandran, L., Kapoor, M., Sarkar, A., & Aggarwal, A. (2000). Clustering algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications - DIALM ’00. doi:10.1145/345848.345860Chatterjee, M., Das, S. K., & Turgut, D. (2002). Cluster Computing, 5(2), 193-204. doi:10.1023/a:1013941929408Huang, Y.-M., Hsieh, M.-Y., & Wang, M.-S. (2007). Reliable transmission of multimedia streaming using a connection prediction scheme in cluster-based ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 30(2), 440-452. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.09.012Tang, S., & Li, W. (2006). QoS supporting and optimal energy allocation for a cluster based wireless sensor network. Computer Communications, 29(13-14), 2569-2577. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.02.007Rosário, D., Costa, R., Paraense, H., Machado, K., Cerqueira, E., Braun, T., & Zhao, Z. (2012). A Hierarchical Multi-hop Multimedia Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 4(4). doi:10.5296/npa.v4i4.2121Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., JimĂ©nez, J. M., & Hammoumi, M. (2014). A new multimedia-oriented architecture and protocol for wireless ad hoc networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 14. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2014.062486Meghanathan, N., & Mumford, P. (2013). Centralized and Distributed Algorithms for Stability-based Data Gathering in Mobile Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 84. doi:10.5296/npa.v5i4.420
Multimedia Content Distribution in Hybrid Wireless Networks using Weighted Clustering
Fixed infrastructured networks naturally support centralized approaches for
group management and information provisioning. Contrary to infrastructured
networks, in multi-hop ad-hoc networks each node acts as a router as well as
sender and receiver. Some applications, however, requires hierarchical
arrangements that-for practical reasons-has to be done locally and
self-organized. An additional challenge is to deal with mobility that causes
permanent network partitioning and re-organizations. Technically, these
problems can be tackled by providing additional uplinks to a backbone network,
which can be used to access resources in the Internet as well as to inter-link
multiple ad-hoc network partitions, creating a hybrid wireless network. In this
paper, we present a prototypically implemented hybrid wireless network system
optimized for multimedia content distribution. To efficiently manage the ad-hoc
communicating devices a weighted clustering algorithm is introduced. The
proposed localized algorithm deals with mobility, but does not require
geographical information or distances.Comment: 2nd ACM Workshop on Wireless Multimedia Networking and Performance
Modeling 2006 (ISBN 1-59593-485
Towards video streaming in IoT environments: vehicular communication perspective
Multimedia oriented Internet of Things (IoT) enables pervasive and real-time communication of video, audio and image data among devices in an immediate surroundings. Today's vehicles have the capability of supporting real time multimedia acquisition. Vehicles with high illuminating infrared cameras and customized sensors can communicate with other on-road devices using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and 5G enabled communication technologies. Real time incidence of both urban and highway vehicular traffic environment can be captured and transmitted using vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication modes. Video streaming in vehicular IoT (VSV-IoT) environments is in growing stage with several challenges that need to be addressed ranging from limited resources in IoT devices, intermittent connection in vehicular networks, heterogeneous devices, dynamism and scalability in video encoding, bandwidth underutilization in video delivery, and attaining application-precise quality of service in video streaming. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive review on video streaming in IoT environments focusing on vehicular communication perspective. Specifically, significance of video streaming in vehicular IoT environments is highlighted focusing on integration of vehicular communication with 5G enabled IoT technologies, and smart city oriented application areas for VSV-IoT. A taxonomy is presented for the classification of related literature on video streaming in vehicular network environments. Following the taxonomy, critical review of literature is performed focusing on major functional model, strengths and weaknesses. Metrics for video streaming in vehicular IoT environments are derived and comparatively analyzed in terms of their usage and evaluation capabilities. Open research challenges in VSV-IoT are identified as future directions of research in the area. The survey would benefit both IoT and vehicle industry practitioners and researchers, in terms of augmenting understanding of vehicular video streaming and its IoT related trends and issues
A Survey on Multimedia-Based Cross-Layer Optimization in Visual Sensor Networks
Visual sensor networks (VSNs) comprised of battery-operated electronic devices endowed with low-resolution cameras have expanded the applicability of a series of monitoring applications. Those types of sensors are interconnected by ad hoc error-prone wireless links, imposing stringent restrictions on available bandwidth, end-to-end delay and packet error rates. In such context, multimedia coding is required for data compression and error-resilience, also ensuring energy preservation over the path(s) toward the sink and improving the end-to-end perceptual quality of the received media. Cross-layer optimization may enhance the expected efficiency of VSNs applications, disrupting the conventional information flow of the protocol layers. When the inner characteristics of the multimedia coding techniques are exploited by cross-layer protocols and architectures, higher efficiency may be obtained in visual sensor networks. This paper surveys recent research on multimedia-based cross-layer optimization, presenting the proposed strategies and mechanisms for transmission rate adjustment, congestion control, multipath selection, energy preservation and error recovery. We note that many multimedia-based cross-layer optimization solutions have been proposed in recent years, each one bringing a wealth of contributions to visual sensor networks
Design and analysis of a beacon-less routing protocol for large volume content dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks
Largevolumecontentdisseminationispursuedbythegrowingnumberofhighquality applications for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs), e.g., the live road surveillance service and the video-based overtaking assistant service. For the highly dynamical vehicular network topology, beacon-less routing protocols have been proven to be efficient in achieving a balance between the system performance and the control overhead. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, the routing design for large volume content has not been well considered in the previous work, which will introduce new challenges, e.g., the enhanced connectivity requirement for a radio link. In this paper, a link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) is designed for large volume content delivery in VANETs. Each vehicle makes the forwarding decision based on the message header information and its current state, including the speed and position information. A semi-Markov process analytical model is proposed to evaluate the expected delay in constructing one routing path for LBRP. Simulations show that the proposed LBRP scheme outperforms the traditional dissemination protocols in providing a low end-to-end delay. The analytical model is shown to exhibit a good match on the delay estimation with Monte Carlo simulations, as well
Design and Implementation of a Communication Protocol to Improve Multimedia QoS and QoE in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
[EN] This dissertation addresses the problem of multimedia delivery over multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks, and especially over wireless sensor networks. Due to their characteristics of low power consumption, low processing capacity and low memory capacity, they have major difficulties in achieving optimal quality levels demanded by end users in such communications.
In the first part of this work, it has been carried out a study to determine the behavior of a variety of multimedia streams and how they are affected by the network conditions when they are transmitted over topologies formed by devices of different technologies in multi hop wireless ad hoc mode. To achieve this goal, we have performed experimental tests using a test bench, which combine the main codecs used in audio and video streaming over IP networks with different sound and video captures representing the characteristic patterns of multimedia services such as phone calls, video communications, IPTV and video on demand (VOD). With the information gathered in the laboratory, we have been able to establish the correlation between the induced changes in the physical and logical topology and the network parameters that measure the quality of service (QoS) of a multimedia transmission, such as latency, jitter or packet loss. At this stage of the investigation, a study was performed to determine the state of the art of the proposed protocols, algorithms, and practical implementations that have been explicitly developed to optimize the multimedia transmission over wireless ad hoc networks, especially in ad hoc networks using clusters of nodes distributed over a geographic area and wireless sensor networks.
Next step of this research was the development of an algorithm focused on the logical organization of clusters formed by nodes capable of adapting to the circumstances of real-time traffic. The stated goal was to achieve the maximum utilization of the resources offered by the set of nodes that forms the network, allowing simultaneously sending reliably and efficiently all types of content through them, and mixing conventional IP data traffic with multimedia traffic with stringent QoS and QoE requirements. Using the information gathered in the previous phase, we have developed a network architecture that improves overall network performance and multimedia streaming. In parallel, it has been designed and programmed a communication protocol that allows implementing the proposal and testing its operation on real network infrastructures.
In the last phase of this thesis we have focused our work on sending multimedia in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Based on the above results, we have adapted both the architecture and the communication protocol for this particular type of network, whose use has been growing hugely in recent years.[ES] Esta tesis doctoral aborda el problema de la distribuciĂłn de contenidos multimedia a travĂ©s de redes inalámbricas ad hoc multisalto, especialmente las redes inalámbricas de sensores que, debido a sus caracterĂsticas de bajo consumo energĂ©tico, baja capacidad de procesamiento y baja capacidad de memoria, plantean grandes dificultades para alcanzar los niveles de calidad Ăłptimos que exigen los usuarios finales en dicho tipo de comunicaciones.
En la primera parte de este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio para determinar el comportamiento de una gran variedad de flujos multimedia y como se ven afectados por las condiciones de la red cuando son transmitidos a travĂ©s topologĂas formadas por dispositivos de diferentes tecnologĂas que se comunican en modo ad hoc multisalto inalámbrico. Para ello, se han realizado pruebas experimentales sobre una maqueta de laboratorio, combinando los principales cĂłdecs empleados en la transmisiĂłn de audio y video a travĂ©s de redes IP con diversas capturas de sonido y video que representan patrones caracterĂsticos de servicios multimedia tales como las llamadas telefĂłnicas, videoconferencias, IPTV o video bajo demanda (VOD). Con la informaciĂłn reunida en el laboratorio se ha podido establecer la correlaciĂłn entre los cambios inducidos en la topologĂa fĂsica y lĂłgica de la red con los parámetros que miden la calidad de servicio (QoS) de una transmisiĂłn multimedia, tales como la latencia el jitter o la pĂ©rdida de paquetes. En esta fase de la investigaciĂłn se realiza un estudio para determinar el estado del arte de las propuestas de desarrollo e implementaciĂłn de protocolos y algoritmos que se han generado de forma explĂcita para optimizar la transmisiĂłn de tráfico multimedia sobre redes ad hoc inalámbricas, especialmente en las redes inalámbricas de sensores y redes ad hoc utilizando clĂşsteres de nodos distribuidos en un espacio geográfico.
El siguiente paso en la investigaciĂłn ha consistido en el desarrollo de un algoritmo propio para la organizaciĂłn lĂłgica de clĂşsteres formados por nodos capaces de adaptarse a las circunstancias del tráfico en tiempo real. El objetivo planteado es conseguir un aprovechamiento máximo de los recursos ofrecidos por el conjunto de nodos que forman la red, permitiendo de forma simultánea el envĂo de todo tipo de contenidos a travĂ©s de ellos de forma confiable y eficiente, permitiendo la convivencia de tráfico de datos IP convencional con tráfico multimedia con requisitos exigentes de QoS y QoE. A partir de la informaciĂłn conseguida en la fase anterior, se ha desarrollado una arquitectura de red que mejora el rendimiento general de la red y el de las transmisiones multimedia de audio y video en particular. De forma paralela, se ha diseñado y programado un protocolo de comunicaciĂłn que permite implementar el modelo y testear su funcionamiento sobre infraestructuras de red reales.
En la Ăşltima fase de esta tesis se ha dirigido la atenciĂłn hacia la transmisiĂłn multimedia en las redes de sensores inalámbricos (WSN). Partiendo de los resultados anteriores, se ha adaptado tanto la arquitectura como el protocolo de comunicaciones para este tipo concreto de red, cuyo uso se ha extendido en los Ăşltimos años de forma considerable[CA] Esta tesi doctoral aborda el problema de la distribuciĂł de continguts multimèdia a travĂ©s de xarxes sense fil ad hoc multi salt, especialment les xarxes sense fil de sensors que, a causa de les seues caracterĂstiques de baix consum energètic, baixa capacitat de processament i baixa capacitat de memòria, plantegen grans dificultats per a aconseguir els nivells de qualitat òptims que exigixen els usuaris finals en eixos tipus de comunicacions.
En la primera part d'este treball s'ha dut a terme un estudi per a determinar el comportament d'una gran varietat de fluxos multimèdia i com es veuen afectats per les condicions de la xarxa quan sĂłn transmesos a travĂ©s topologies formades per dispositius de diferents tecnologies que es comuniquen en mode ad hoc multi salt sense fil. Per a això, s'han realitzat proves experimentals sobre una maqueta de laboratori, combinant els principals cĂłdecs empleats en la transmissiĂł d'Ă udio i vĂdeo a travĂ©s de xarxes IP amb diverses captures de so i vĂdeo que representen patrons caracterĂstics de serveis multimèdia com son les cridades telefòniques, videoconferències, IPTV o vĂdeo baix demanda (VOD). Amb la informaciĂł reunida en el laboratori s'ha pogut establir la correlaciĂł entre els canvis induĂŻts en la topologia fĂsica i lògica de la xarxa amb els parĂ metres que mesuren la qualitat de servei (QoS) d'una transmissiĂł multimèdia, com la latència el jitter o la pèrdua de paquets. En esta fase de la investigaciĂł es realitza un estudi per a determinar l'estat de l'art de les propostes de desenvolupament i implementaciĂł de protocols i algoritmes que s'han generat de forma explĂcita per a optimitzar la transmissiĂł de trĂ fic multimèdia sobre xarxes ad hoc sense fil, especialment en les xarxes sense fil de sensors and xarxes ad hoc utilitzant clusters de nodes distribuĂŻts en un espai geogrĂ fic.
El segĂĽent pas en la investigaciĂł ha consistit en el desenvolupament d'un algoritme propi per a l'organitzaciĂł lògica de clusters formats per nodes capaços d'adaptar-se a les circumstĂ ncies del trĂ fic en temps real. L'objectiu plantejat Ă©s aconseguir un aprofitament mĂ xim dels recursos oferits pel conjunt de nodes que formen la xarxa, permetent de forma simultĂ nia l'enviament de qualsevol tipus de continguts a travĂ©s d'ells de forma confiable i eficient, permetent la convivència de trĂ fic de dades IP convencional amb trĂ fic multimèdia amb requisits exigents de QoS i QoE. A partir de la informaciĂł aconseguida en la fase anterior, s'ha desenvolupat una arquitectura de xarxa que millora el rendiment general de la xarxa i el de les transmissions multimèdia d'Ă udio i vĂdeo en particular. De forma paralÂżlela, s'ha dissenyat i programat un protocol de comunicaciĂł que permet implementar el model i testejar el seu funcionament sobre infraestructures de xarxa reals.
En l'Ăşltima fase d'esta tesi s'ha dirigit l'atenciĂł cap a la transmissiĂł multimèdia en les xarxes de sensors sense fil (WSN). Partint dels resultats anteriors, s'ha adaptat tant l'arquitectura com el protocol de comunicacions per a aquest tipus concret de xarxa, l'Ăşs del qual s'ha estĂ©s en els Ăşltims anys de forma considerable.DĂaz Santos, JR. (2016). Design and Implementation of a Communication Protocol to Improve
Multimedia QoS and QoE in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62162TESI
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