The status of textile-based dry EEG electrodes

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the biopotential recording of electrical signals generated by brain activity. It is useful for monitoring sleep quality and alertness, clinical applications, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with epilepsy, disease of Parkinson and other neurological disorders, as well as continuous monitoring of tiredness/ alertness in the field. We provide a review of textile-based EEG. Most of the developed textile-based EEGs remain on shelves only as published research results due to a limitation of flexibility, stickability, and washability, although the respective authors of the works reported that signals were obtained comparable to standard EEG. In addition, nearly all published works were not quantitatively compared and contrasted with conventional wet electrodes to prove feasibility for the actual application. This scenario would probably continue to give a publication credit, but does not add to the growth of the specific field, unless otherwise new integration approaches and new conductive polymer composites are evolved to make the application of textile-based EEG happen for bio-potential monitoring

Generic sensor network architecture for wireless automation (GENSEN)

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Bridges Structural Health Monitoring and Deterioration Detection Synthesis of Knowledge and Technology

INE/AUTC 10.0

Wireless Sensor System for Monitoring and Control

With the fast development of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology, a large number of applications have been widely used over the past few years. As a matter of fact, wireless monitoring and control system is unavoidable one of the applications that consist of WSN nodes. A generic, modular and stackable WSN node, named UWASA Node has been developed by the University of Vaasa and Aalto University lately. Besides, SurfNet node, developed by Seinäjoki University of Applied Science, is designed as low-power consumption, high-data rate, small and powerful sensor node that is suitable to implement the monitoring and control tasks under multiple conditions. In this work, a wireless sensor system for monitoring and control is integrated and developed by one UWASA Node, one Linux board, and SurfNet nodes. Firstly, the basics of WSN including IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standard are introduced. Secondly, a new design and development of the hardware and software for the wireless sensor system is explained in detail. After that, several experiments are performed to verify the system performance due to the limited computational and power source of the sensor nodes in the WSN. In one word, this developed wireless sensor system provides a wireless solution for remote monitoring and control of the deployed environment.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Wisent: Robust Downstream Communication and Storage for Computational RFIDs

Computational RFID (CRFID) devices are emerging platforms that can enable perennial computation and sensing by eliminating the need for batteries. Although much research has been devoted to improving upstream (CRFID to RFID reader) communication rates, the opposite direction has so far been neglected, presumably due to the difficulty of guaranteeing fast and error-free transfer amidst frequent power interruptions of CRFID. With growing interest in the market where CRFIDs are forever-embedded in many structures, it is necessary for this void to be filled. Therefore, we propose Wisent-a robust downstream communication protocol for CRFIDs that operates on top of the legacy UHF RFID communication protocol: EPC C1G2. The novelty of Wisent is its ability to adaptively change the frame length sent by the reader, based on the length throttling mechanism, to minimize the transfer times at varying channel conditions. We present an implementation of Wisent for the WISP 5 and an off-the-shelf RFID reader. Our experiments show that Wisent allows transfer up to 16 times faster than a baseline, non-adaptive shortest frame case, i.e. single word length, at sub-meter distance. As a case study, we show how Wisent enables wireless CRFID reprogramming, demonstrating the world's first wirelessly reprogrammable (software defined) CRFID.Comment: Accepted for Publication to IEEE INFOCOM 201

Experimental evaluation of a video streaming system for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are recently emerging as an extension to traditional scalar wireless sensor networks, with the distinctive feature of supporting the acquisition and delivery of multimedia content such as audio, images and video. In this paper, a complete framework is proposed and developed for streaming video flows in WMSNs. Such framework is designed in a cross-layer fashion with three main building blocks: (i) a hybrid DPCM/DCT encoder; (ii) a congestion control mechanism and (iii) a selective priority automatic request mechanism at the MAC layer. The system has been implemented on the IntelMote2 platform operated by TinyOS and thoroughly evaluated through testbed experiments on multi-hop WMSNs. The source code of the whole system is publicly available to enable reproducible research. © 2011 IEEE

Greenhouse Monitoring with Wireless Sensor Network

Financially profitable greenhouses are fully automated. The producer defines the monitoring limits for the ideal growth environment and then, the system controls automatically each adjustment to keep indoor climate at the optimal level. Increasing greenhouse sizes have forced the producers to use several measurement points for tracking the changes in the environment, thus enabling energy saving and more accurate adjustments. When each measurement point needs its own wire, the costs and cabling work increase exponentially. Once the measurement spot has been built, it is tedious to be relocated. Wireless sensor networks are gained ground in various industries. Agriculture and especially microclimate monitoring and controlling have many promising targets where the benefits of wireless devices can be exploited. In this M.Sc. thesis we discuss the wireless sensor networks applications for greenhouses monitoring. Moreover, we have built the system practically and assist the applicability of such wireless networks through real-side measurements. Star topology network measured temperature, humidity and irradiance –important developmental factors of the plants in Martens greenhouse research foundation. Test setup greenhouse was divided into vertical blocks and nodes monitor one block at a time. The idea of the vertical distribution was to gather information about the differences occurs in the climate between lower and upper flora. The measurement results proved the functionality and reliability of the wireless sensor network inside the dense and high moisture greenhouse.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Wireless multimedia sensor network technology: a survey

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) is comprised of small embedded video motes capable of extracting the surrounding environmental information, locally processing it and then wirelessly transmitting it to parent node or sink. It is comprised of video sensor, digital signal processing unit and digital radio interface. In this paper we have surveyed existing WMSN hardware and communicationprotocol layer technologies for achieving or fulfilling the objectives of WMSN. We have also listed the various technical challenges posed by this technology while discussing the communication protocol layer technologies. Sensor networking capabilities are urgently required for some of our most important scientific and societal problems like understanding the international carbon budget, monitoring water resources, monitoring vehicle emissions and safeguarding public health. This is a daunting research challenge requiring distributed sensor systems operating in complex environments while providing assurance of reliable and accurate sensing