4,700 research outputs found

    International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022

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    This conference proceedings gathers work and research presented at the International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022 (IASSC2022) held on July 3, 2022, in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Faculty of Information Management of Universiti Teknologi MARA Kelantan Branch, Malaysia; University of Malaya, Malaysia; Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia; Universitas Ngudi Waluyo, Indonesia; Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Philippines; and UCSI University, Malaysia. Featuring experienced keynote speakers from Malaysia, Australia, and England, this proceeding provides an opportunity for researchers, postgraduate students, and industry practitioners to gain knowledge and understanding of advanced topics concerning digital transformations in the perspective of the social sciences and information systems, focusing on issues, challenges, impacts, and theoretical foundations. This conference proceedings will assist in shaping the future of the academy and industry by compiling state-of-the-art works and future trends in the digital transformation of the social sciences and the field of information systems. It is also considered an interactive platform that enables academicians, practitioners and students from various institutions and industries to collaborate

    Cyberbullying in educational context

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    Kustenmacher and Seiwert (2004) explain a man’s inclination to resort to technology in his interaction with the environment and society. Thus, the solution to the negative consequences of Cyberbullying in a technologically dominated society is represented by technology as part of the technological paradox (Tugui, 2009), in which man has a dual role, both slave and master, in the interaction with it. In this respect, it is noted that, notably after 2010, there have been many attempts to involve artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize, identify, limit or avoid the manifestation of aggressive behaviours of the CBB type. For an overview of the use of artificial intelligence in solving various problems related to CBB, we extracted works from the Scopus database that respond to the criterion of the existence of the words “cyberbullying” and “artificial intelligence” in the Title, Keywords and Abstract. These articles were the subject of the content analysis of the title and, subsequently, only those that are identified as a solution in the process of recognizing, identifying, limiting or avoiding the manifestation of CBB were kept in the following Table where we have these data synthesized and organized by years

    More Than Machines?

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    We know that robots are just machines. Why then do we often talk about them as if they were alive? Laura Voss explores this fascinating phenomenon, providing a rich insight into practices of animacy (and inanimacy) attribution to robot technology: from science-fiction to robotics R&D, from science communication to media discourse, and from the theoretical perspectives of STS to the cognitive sciences. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, and backed by a wealth of empirical material, Voss shows how scientists, engineers, journalists - and everyone else - can face the challenge of robot technology appearing »a little bit alive« with a reflexive and yet pragmatic stance

    Multisensory processing, affect and multimodal manipulation: A cognitive-semiotic empirical study of travel documentaries

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    Multisensory processing represents the mirror image of multimodal meaning-making, in that interpreting multimodal discourse predominantly requires multisensory processing, even when different modes rely on the same sensory channels (Khateb et al., 2002), for example images and text in a book (Gibbons, 2012, p. 40). Remley (2017) makes a similar point when discussing the neuroscience of multimodal persuasive messages, when he asserts that “[t]he term ‘multisensory integration’ is the biological equivalent of the term ‘multimodal’ in rhetoric” (p. 9). An understanding of multisensory processing can therefore be (and presumably is) exploited at the stage of text-production as a resource for manipulative multimodal discourses, with all the ideological consequences that entails. The concept of manipulation has been a matter of discussion in critical discourse studies (CDS) and pragmatics for more than a decade. Agreement on how to define and analyse the latter has yet to be reached, although most scholars seem to agree that Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1995) can provide a useful entry point thanks to its theorisation of variable contexts and individual cognitive environments (de Saussure, 2005; Maillat, 2013; Maillat and Oswald, 2009; Oswald, 2014). Moreover, the concept of epistemic vigilance (Sperber et al., 2010) has been used to investigate the cognitive barriers that need to be bypassed in order for manipulation to work (Hart, 2013; Mazzarella, 2015). Finally, Sorlin (2017: 133) recently highlighted the need to focus not only on the cognitive aspects influencing manipulation, but also on “the psychological aspect of manipulation that often consists in exploiting the target's weaknesses”, thus pointing towards the dimension of affect as a further explanatory force. This paper begins with an overview of the concepts of manipulation and epistemic vigilance, before discussing insights from the field of multisensory processing in the neurosciences. Then, drawing on some principles from Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1995) and looking at some data from travel documentary programmes and their viewers, examples are offered of how manipulation is attempted and achieved through this specific multimodal genre in individual case studies. The focus of the analysis will be on bottom-up (i.e. text-driven) processes and the interpretation/reaction of an audience. The research draws on a novel methodological approach (Castaldi, 2021) that integrates Audience Research (e.g., Schrøder et al., 2003) and Social Semiotics (e.g. Kress and van Leeuwen, 1996, 2001; van Leeuwen, 1999; Machin and Mayr, 2012) in order to analyse media interactions in their individuality. Results suggest that the affective dimension, predominantly attended to through sonic and visual modes, plays a key role for multimodal manipulation to successfully occur

    The Narratives of Europol on Terrorism: The Causal Layered Analysis of the European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Reports (TE-SAT)

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    The thesis researches terrorism and counterterrorism because terrorism is falsely represented as something novel threat in the 21st century. Yet terrorism has always been and will continue to exist in the future. The study takes Critical Terrorism Study's (CTS) outlook towards an international police agency Europol, which aims to foster European-wide intelligence-led policing (ILP) solutions. However, terrorism does not have universal consensuses. Indeed, often, one's terrorist is another's freedom fighter. Neither academics nor United Nations have unanimity regarding terrorism. Still, Europol has settled some understanding of terrorism in its yearly Terrorism Situation and Trend Reports (Te-sat). The reports do say nothing about the political and religious goals of terrorists, though they should be the essence of an academic terrorism definition. In ILP, an analyst proactively interprets a terrorist environment to produce an intelligence product so that a customer can impact the environment. By investigating the terrorism reports from Europol, the thesis yields four of Europol's overall narratives on terrorism. Secondly, the study dissects the worldviews and myths about terrorism that the interpretations of Europol depend on. Methodologically, the research adopts a case study as its research strategy, where document analysis by a sampling method led to select five terrorism reports to interpret them with causal layered analysis that is a narrative foresight method to unpack more profound stories from the future. The thesis will suggest paying more attention to emerging right-wing terrorism and giving practical recommendations on improving Europol's foresight work so it would not depoliticise terrorism

    Elements of Ion Linear Accelerators, Calm in The Resonances, Other_Tales

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    The main part of this book, Elements of Linear Accelerators, outlines in Part 1 a framework for non-relativistic linear accelerator focusing and accelerating channel design, simulation, optimization and analysis where space charge is an important factor. Part 1 is the most important part of the book; grasping the framework is essential to fully understand and appreciate the elements within it, and the myriad application details of the following Parts. The treatment concentrates on all linacs, large or small, intended for high-intensity, very low beam loss, factory-type application. The Radio-Frequency-Quadrupole (RFQ) is especially developed as a representative and the most complicated linac form (from dc to bunched and accelerated beam), extending to practical design of long, high energy linacs, including space charge resonances and beam halo formation, and some challenges for future work. Also a practical method is presented for designing Alternating-Phase- Focused (APF) linacs with long sequences and high energy gain. Full open-source software is available. The following part, Calm in the Resonances and Other Tales, contains eyewitness accounts of nearly 60 years of participation in accelerator technology. (September 2023) The LINACS codes are released at no cost and, as always,with fully open-source coding. (p.2 & Ch 19.10)Comment: 652 pages. Some hundreds of figures - all images, there is no data in the figures. (September 2023) The LINACS codes are released at no cost and, as always,with fully open-source coding. (p.2 & Ch 19.10

    Cross-cultural women's writing and the politics of magic realism : Toni Morrison, Maxine Hong Kingston and Leslie Marmon Silko

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    This thesis explores the political possibilities and implications of magic realist discourse in contemporary cross-cultural women's writing. Focussing on the ontological writing of Toni Morrison, Maxine Hong Kingston and Leslie Marmon Silko, the comparative critical approach acknowledges the specificity of their writing to their cultural contexts whilst combining elements from post-colonial, feminist and post-structuralist criticism. The study demonstrates that in writing the magic realist mode, which breaks down restrictive definitions of reality and truth, has a transformative effect upon readers. By emphasising the ritual and participatory aspects of story-telling, their texts encourage readers to react to the possibility of re-conceiving their world through stories, thereby precipitating political change. The Introduction provides a brief over-view of the concept of magic realism. The first chapter analyses Toni Morrison's creation of a specifically African American form of magic realism which promotes the expression of an alternative history of slavery, and provides a vehicle for the articulation of African American cultural memory and its ambivalences. Chapter Two examines Maxine Hong Kingston's paradoxical relationship to magic realist narrative. It analyses her resistance to her mother's magic realism which she eventually adopts for the purpose of articulating a cultural memory which will be useful to the current circumstances of Chinese Americans. The third chapter explores Leslie Marmon Silko's use of the magic realist mode to create a text which illustrates the discursive tension between dominant American and Native American cultures. By doing so, she creates a text which merges postmodernist and Native American story-telling techniques to create a text with multiple perspectives and influenced by spirituality. The conclusion identifies similarities between the writers. It reveals that they have created a new form of writing which encourages readers to realise the political potential inherent in their texts in order to re-imagine their world and to counter the individualism, materialism and ultra-rationalism of dominant culture

    Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Models

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    We propose a methodology for planting watermarks in text from an autoregressive language model that are robust to perturbations without changing the distribution over text up to a certain maximum generation budget. We generate watermarked text by mapping a sequence of random numbers -- which we compute using a randomized watermark key -- to a sample from the language model. To detect watermarked text, any party who knows the key can align the text to the random number sequence. We instantiate our watermark methodology with two sampling schemes: inverse transform sampling and exponential minimum sampling. We apply these watermarks to three language models -- OPT-1.3B, LLaMA-7B and Alpaca-7B -- to experimentally validate their statistical power and robustness to various paraphrasing attacks. Notably, for both the OPT-1.3B and LLaMA-7B models, we find we can reliably detect watermarked text (p0.01p \leq 0.01) from 3535 tokens even after corrupting between 4040-5050\% of the tokens via random edits (i.e., substitutions, insertions or deletions). For the Alpaca-7B model, we conduct a case study on the feasibility of watermarking responses to typical user instructions. Due to the lower entropy of the responses, detection is more difficult: around 25%25\% of the responses -- whose median length is around 100100 tokens -- are detectable with p0.01p \leq 0.01, and the watermark is also less robust to certain automated paraphrasing attacks we implement

    Challenges and perspectives of hate speech research

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    This book is the result of a conference that could not take place. It is a collection of 26 texts that address and discuss the latest developments in international hate speech research from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. This includes case studies from Brazil, Lebanon, Poland, Nigeria, and India, theoretical introductions to the concepts of hate speech, dangerous speech, incivility, toxicity, extreme speech, and dark participation, as well as reflections on methodological challenges such as scraping, annotation, datafication, implicity, explainability, and machine learning. As such, it provides a much-needed forum for cross-national and cross-disciplinary conversations in what is currently a very vibrant field of research
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