Recent advances in information-centric networking based internet of things (ICN-IoT)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is being realized as a promising approach to accomplish the shortcomings of current IP-address based networking. ICN models are based on naming the content to get rid of address-space scarcity, accessing the content via name-based-routing, caching the content at intermediate nodes to provide reliable, efficient data delivery and self-certifying contents to ensure better security. Obvious benefits of ICN in terms of fast and efficient data delivery and improved reliability raises ICN as highly promising networking model for Internet of Things (IoTs) like environments. IoT aims to connect anyone and/or anything at any time by any path on any place. From last decade, IoTs attracts both industry and research communities. IoTs is an emerging research field and still in its infancy. Thus, this paper presents the potential of ICN for IoTs by providing state-of-the-art literature survey. We discuss briefly the feasibility of ICN features and their models (and architectures) in the context of IoT. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive survey on ICN based caching, naming, security and mobility approaches for IoTs with appropriate classification. Furthermore, we present operating systems (OS) and simulation tools for ICN-IoT. Finally, we provide important research challenges and issues faced by ICN for IoTs

Realization of blockchain in named data networking-based internet-of-vehicles

The revolution of Internet-of-vehicles (IoV) has stimulated a substantial response from academia, research and industry due to its massive potential to improve overall transportation. Current IoV faces huge challenges due to its reliance on the IP-based network architecture. Therefore, Named Data Networking (NDN) is proposed as a promising architecture to solve issues posed by IP-based systems. Recently, Blockchains (BCs) are utilized within IoV to increase network security. However, the integration of BC within NDN-enabled IoV is still an open research problem. In this study, we proposed a novel tier-based architecture known as “Blockchain in NDN-enabled Internet-of-Vehicles (BINDN)” which can support BC within NDN-enabled IoV. BINDN can be used as a reference architecture to design security solutions in NDN-enabled IoV using BC. Further, it provides an extensive set of applications including IoV security, trust management and privacy enhancements. Moreover, we highlighted major challenges and issues when integrating BC within NDN-enabled IoV.N/

Producer mobility support scheme for indirection-based mobility approach in named data networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a clean-slate future Internet architecture proposed to support content mobility by using hierarchical naming instead of IP addresses for routing. The hierarchical naming structure of NDN offers more benefits in supporting consumer mobility. However, the movements of producer inflict changes in routing name prefix hierarchy, which makes the entire network unaware of the new location of the producer. Thus, it causes some significant challenges, such as unnecessary Interest packet losses, high handoff latency, high signaling overhead cost, poor utilization of bandwidth, and path stretching. The aim of this research is to propose a Producer Mobility Support Scheme (PMSS) in order to minimize the handoff latency, signaling cost, improve data packets delivery via optimal path once a content producer relocated. The proposed PMSS model includes the formulated Mobility Weighted Function to incorporate movement behavior of the mobile producer. Also, Mobility Interest packet was designed to convey binding information and Broadcasting Strategy to facilitate handoff processes by updating the intermediate routers. Therefore, modeling and simulation methodologies were used in the design and performance evaluation of PMSS for rigorous investigation. The analytical result of PMSS scheme outperforms Optimal Producer Mobility for Larger-scale scheme with 50% lower handoff latency and signaling cost. Moreover, it minimizes 46% handoff signaling cost and improves 32% data path optimization as compared to the Kite scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed PMSS scheme minimizes 40% handoff latency, 28% packets delay, 28% unnecessary Interest packets loss, and improves 20% throughput. This study contributes to the development of the movement behavior model and mobility update packets. The findings have significant implication to support seamless mobility and the integration of NDN with other networks without additional mechanism

The Road Ahead for Networking: A Survey on ICN-IP Coexistence Solutions

In recent years, the current Internet has experienced an unexpected paradigm shift in the usage model, which has pushed researchers towards the design of the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm as a possible replacement of the existing architecture. Even though both Academia and Industry have investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of ICN, achieving the complete replacement of the Internet Protocol (IP) is a challenging task. Some research groups have already addressed the coexistence by designing their own architectures, but none of those is the final solution to move towards the future Internet considering the unaltered state of the networking. To design such architecture, the research community needs now a comprehensive overview of the existing solutions that have so far addressed the coexistence. The purpose of this paper is to reach this goal by providing the first comprehensive survey and classification of the coexistence architectures according to their features (i.e., deployment approach, deployment scenarios, addressed coexistence requirements and architecture or technology used) and evaluation parameters (i.e., challenges emerging during the deployment and the runtime behaviour of an architecture). We believe that this paper will finally fill the gap required for moving towards the design of the final coexistence architecture.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 3 table

Context-aware pending interest table management scheme for NDN-based VANETs

In terms of delivery effectiveness, Vehicular Adhoc NETworks (VANETs) applications have multiple, possibly conflicting, and disparate needs (e.g., latency, reliability, and delivery priorities). Named Data Networking (NDN) has attracted the attention of the research community for effective content retrieval and dissemination in mobile environments such as VANETs. A vehicle in a VANET application is heavily reliant on information about the content, network, and application, which can be obtained from a variety of sources. The information gathered can be used as context to make better decisions. While it is difficult to obtain the necessary context information at the IP network layer, the emergence of NDN is changing the tide. The Pending Information Table (PIT) is an important player in NDN data retrieval. PIT size is the bottleneck due to the limited opportunities provided by current memory technologies. PIT overflow results in service disruptions as new Interest messages cannot be added to PIT. Adaptive, context-aware PIT entry management solutions must be introduced to NDN-based VANETs for effective content dissemination. In this context, our main contribution is a decentralised, context-aware PIT entry management (CPITEM) protocol. The simulation results show that the proposed CPITEM protocol achieves lower Interest Satisfaction Delay and effective PIT utilization based on context when compared to existing PIT entry replacement protocols

A review on green caching strategies for next generation communication networks

© 2020 IEEE. In recent years, the ever-increasing demand for networking resources and energy, fueled by the unprecedented upsurge in Internet traffic, has been a cause for concern for many service providers. Content caching, which serves user requests locally, is deemed to be an enabling technology in addressing the challenges offered by the phenomenal growth in Internet traffic. Conventionally, content caching is considered as a viable solution to alleviate the backhaul pressure. However, recently, many studies have reported energy cost reductions contributed by content caching in cache-equipped networks. The hypothesis is that caching shortens content delivery distance and eventually achieves significant reduction in transmission energy consumption. This has motivated us to conduct this study and in this article, a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art green caching techniques is provided. This review paper extensively discusses contributions of the existing studies on green caching. In addition, the study explores different cache-equipped network types, solution methods, and application scenarios. We categorically present that the optimal selection of the caching nodes, smart resource management, popular content selection, and renewable energy integration can substantially improve energy efficiency of the cache-equipped systems. In addition, based on the comprehensive analysis, we also highlight some potential research ideas relevant to green content caching

A Secure and Strategic Approach to Keep IoT Devices Safe from Malware Attack

Through the advances in technology, businesses can now utilize the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to improve workflow and provide better services to customers. However, without a strategy to secure these devices, Information Technology (IT) security professionals are left with vulnerable equipment. Grounded in routine activities theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to determine strategies IT security professionals used to protect IoT devices in their environment. The participants were 6 IT professionals from 2 medium to large size healthcare facilities based in the Buffalo, New York, and the Washington D.C. area, who possessed strategies to protect IoT devices. The data collection included semi-structured interviews and analysis of 7 industry standardization documents and 12 business documents. Data were analyzed using cluster analysis; four themes that emerged included user education to promote security, protect the environment through security layers, a policy that supports security, and threats that the technical gaps present. A key recommendation is that IT security professionals develop a security strategy that uses multiple layers to protect IoT devices from malware attacks. The implications for positive social change include the potential for IT security professionals to implement multi-layered IoT security strategies, which can help decrease attacks on vulnerable IoT devices and assure citizens of protecting their data

On Information-centric Resiliency and System-level Security in Constrained, Wireless Communication

The Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects many heterogeneous embedded devices either locally between each other, or globally with the Internet. These things are resource-constrained, e.g., powered by battery, and typically communicate via low-power and lossy wireless links. Communication needs to be secured and relies on crypto-operations that are often resource-intensive and in conflict with the device constraints. These challenging operational conditions on the cheapest hardware possible, the unreliable wireless transmission, and the need for protection against common threats of the inter-network, impose severe challenges to IoT networks. In this thesis, we advance the current state of the art in two dimensions. Part I assesses Information-centric networking (ICN) for the IoT, a network paradigm that promises enhanced reliability for data retrieval in constrained edge networks. ICN lacks a lower layer definition, which, however, is the key to enable device sleep cycles and exclusive wireless media access. This part of the thesis designs and evaluates an effective media access strategy for ICN to reduce the energy consumption and wireless interference on constrained IoT nodes. Part II examines the performance of hardware and software crypto-operations, executed on off-the-shelf IoT platforms. A novel system design enables the accessibility and auto-configuration of crypto-hardware through an operating system. One main focus is the generation of random numbers in the IoT. This part of the thesis further designs and evaluates Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to provide novel randomness sources that generate highly unpredictable secrets, on low-cost devices that lack hardware-based security features. This thesis takes a practical view on the constrained IoT and is accompanied by real-world implementations and measurements. We contribute open source software, automation tools, a simulator, and reproducible measurement results from real IoT deployments using off-the-shelf hardware. The large-scale experiments in an open access testbed provide a direct starting point for future research