Ultra-Wideband (UWB) rectenna design for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

Projecte fet en col.laboració amb Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú i Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de CatalunyaThis work focuses on designing, fabricating, measuring and testing each component of a Rectenna. A rectenna consists of an antenna and a rectifier circuit that is optimized for incoming signals of low power density. This rectenna is used to harvest electric energy from the RF signals that have been radiated at:  GSM-850  GSM-900 (downlink: 935-960MHz)  GSM-1800 (downlink: 1805-1880MHz)  ISM band centered in 2.45 GHz. This work contains antenna design techniques using Ansoft HFSS software and methods to simulate rectennas using Harmonic Balance and electromagnetic full-wave Momentum with the Agilent Advanced Design Software (ADS2008). For the antenna fabrication it was used a LPKF Milling machine. And for measurements a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), spectral analyzer, analog signal generator, multimeter, and anechoic chamber were used

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) rectenna design for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

Projecte fet en col.laboració amb Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú i Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de CatalunyaThis work focuses on designing, fabricating, measuring and testing each component of a Rectenna. A rectenna consists of an antenna and a rectifier circuit that is optimized for incoming signals of low power density. This rectenna is used to harvest electric energy from the RF signals that have been radiated at: GSM-850 GSM-900 (downlink: 935-960MHz) GSM-1800 (downlink: 1805-1880MHz) ISM band centered in 2.45 GHz. This work contains antenna design techniques using Ansoft HFSS software and methods to simulate rectennas using Harmonic Balance and electromagnetic full-wave Momentum with the Agilent Advanced Design Software (ADS2008). For the antenna fabrication it was used a LPKF Milling machine. And for measurements a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), spectral analyzer, analog signal generator, multimeter, and anechoic chamber were used

Energy harvesting and wireless transfer in sensor network applications: Concepts and experiences

Advances in micro-electronics and miniaturized mechanical systems are redefining the scope and extent of the energy constraints found in battery-operated wireless sensor networks (WSNs). On one hand, ambient energy harvesting may prolong the systems lifetime or possibly enable perpetual operation. On the other hand, wireless energy transfer allows systems to decouple the energy sources from the sensing locations, enabling deployments previously unfeasible. As a result of applying these technologies to WSNs, the assumption of a finite energy budget is replaced with that of potentially infinite, yet intermittent, energy supply, profoundly impacting the design, implementation, and operation of WSNs. This article discusses these aspects by surveying paradigmatic examples of existing solutions in both fields and by reporting on real-world experiences found in the literature. The discussion is instrumental in providing a foundation for selecting the most appropriate energy harvesting or wireless transfer technology based on the application at hand. We conclude by outlining research directions originating from the fundamental change of perspective that energy harvesting and wireless transfer bring about

ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SUPPLY TO REMOTE EQUIPMENT IN CRITICAL LOGISTIC SCENARIOS

In this work were reviewed various issues concerning the supply of electrical and electronic equipment in presence of not wired physical scenarios have been reviewed. Possible solutions have been examined, in particular, the WPT solution one. Different technologies have been analyzed, with particular attention to resonant inductive type, examining applications and study approaches, as well as the pros and cons. Different prototypes have been studied, time after time, simulated designed and manufactured; these prototypes made possible the use of several methods of characterization. Finally an application, based on the same technology, for sensing purposes, specifically ground monitoring, has been optimized

IoT Applications Computing

The evolution of emerging and innovative technologies based on Industry 4.0 concepts are transforming society and industry into a fully digitized and networked globe. Sensing, communications, and computing embedded with ambient intelligence are at the heart of the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Industry 4.0 technologies with expanding applications in manufacturing, transportation, health, building automation, agriculture, and the environment. It is expected that the emerging technology clusters of ambient intelligence computing will not only transform modern industry but also advance societal health and wellness, as well as and make the environment more sustainable. This book uses an interdisciplinary approach to explain the complex issue of scientific and technological innovations largely based on intelligent computing

Antenna Systems

This book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive review of modern antenna systems and their applications in the fields of contemporary wireless systems. It constitutes a useful resource of new material, including stochastic versus ray tracing wireless channel modeling for 5G and V2X applications and implantable devices. Chapters discuss modern metalens antennas in microwaves, terahertz, and optical domain. Moreover, the book presents new material on antenna arrays for 5G massive MIMO beamforming. Finally, it discusses new methods, devices, and technologies to enhance the performance of antenna systems

1-D broadside-radiating leaky-wave antenna based on a numerically synthesized impedance surface

A newly-developed deterministic numerical technique for the automated design of metasurface antennas is applied here for the first time to the design of a 1-D printed Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA) for broadside radiation. The surface impedance synthesis process does not require any a priori knowledge on the impedance pattern, and starts from a mask constraint on the desired far-field and practical bounds on the unit cell impedance values. The designed reactance surface for broadside radiation exhibits a non conventional patterning; this highlights the merit of using an automated design process for a design well known to be challenging for analytical methods. The antenna is physically implemented with an array of metal strips with varying gap widths and simulation results show very good agreement with the predicted performance

Beam scanning by liquid-crystal biasing in a modified SIW structure

A fixed-frequency beam-scanning 1D antenna based on Liquid Crystals (LCs) is designed for application in 2D scanning with lateral alignment. The 2D array environment imposes full decoupling of adjacent 1D antennas, which often conflicts with the LC requirement of DC biasing: the proposed design accommodates both. The LC medium is placed inside a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) modified to work as a Groove Gap Waveguide, with radiating slots etched on the upper broad wall, that radiates as a Leaky-Wave Antenna (LWA). This allows effective application of the DC bias voltage needed for tuning the LCs. At the same time, the RF field remains laterally confined, enabling the possibility to lay several antennas in parallel and achieve 2D beam scanning. The design is validated by simulation employing the actual properties of a commercial LC medium