An analysis of Regenerator Placement strategies for a Translucent OBS network architecture

Most research works in optical burst switching (OBS) networks do not take into account the impact of physical layer impairments (PLIs) either by considering fully transparent (i.e., using optical 3R regeneration) or opaque (i.e., electrical 3R regeneration) networks. However, both solutions are not feasible for different reasons. In this paper, we propose a novel translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture which aims at bridging the gap between the transparent and opaque solutions. In order to evaluate its performance, a formulation of the routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning problem (RRPD) is presented. Since such formulation results in a complex problem, we also propose several alternative heuristic strategies. In particular, we evaluate the trade-off between optimality and execution times provided by these methods. Finally, we conduct a series of simulation experiments that prove that the T-OBS network model proposed effectively deals with burst losses caused by the impact of PLIs and ensures that the overall network performance remains unaffected.Preprin

Cross-layer modeling and optimization of next-generation internet networks

Scaling traditional telecommunication networks so that they are able to cope with the volume of future traffic demands and the stringent European Commission (EC) regulations on emissions would entail unaffordable investments. For this very reason, the design of an innovative ultra-high bandwidth power-efficient network architecture is nowadays a bold topic within the research community. So far, the independent evolution of network layers has resulted in isolated, and hence, far-from-optimal contributions, which have eventually led to the issues today's networks are facing such as inefficient energy strategy, limited network scalability and flexibility, reduced network manageability and increased overall network and customer services costs. Consequently, there is currently large consensus among network operators and the research community that cross-layer interaction and coordination is fundamental for the proper architectural design of next-generation Internet networks. This thesis actively contributes to the this goal by addressing the modeling, optimization and performance analysis of a set of potential technologies to be deployed in future cross-layer network architectures. By applying a transversal design approach (i.e., joint consideration of several network layers), we aim for achieving the maximization of the integration of the different network layers involved in each specific problem. To this end, Part I provides a comprehensive evaluation of optical transport networks (OTNs) based on layer 2 (L2) sub-wavelength switching (SWS) technologies, also taking into consideration the impact of physical layer impairments (PLIs) (L0 phenomena). Indeed, the recent and relevant advances in optical technologies have dramatically increased the impact that PLIs have on the optical signal quality, particularly in the context of SWS networks. Then, in Part II of the thesis, we present a set of case studies where it is shown that the application of operations research (OR) methodologies in the desing/planning stage of future cross-layer Internet network architectures leads to the successful joint optimization of key network performance indicators (KPIs) such as cost (i.e., CAPEX/OPEX), resources usage and energy consumption. OR can definitely play an important role by allowing network designers/architects to obtain good near-optimal solutions to real-sized problems within practical running times

RRPD strategies for a T-OBS network architecture

In this paper, we deal with the physical layer impairments (PLIs) in optical burst switching (OBS). In particular we present a formulation of the routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning (RRPD) problem for a feasible translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture. Since addressing the joint RRPD problem results in an extremely complex undertaking, we decouple the problem, and hence, we eventually provide formal models to solve routing and RPD separately in the socalled R+RPD problem. Thus, making use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations, we first address the routing problem with the aim of minimizing congestion in bottleneck network links, and second, we tackle the issue of performing a sparse placement of electrical regenerators in the network. Since the RPD formulation requires high computational effort for large problem instances, we also propose two alternative heuristic strategies that provide good near-optimal solutions within reasonable time limits. To be precise, we evaluate the trade-off between optimality and complexity provided by these methods. Finally, we conduct a series of simulation experiments on the T-OBS network that prove that the R+RPD strategies effectively deal with burst losses caused by the impact of PLIs, and therefore, ensure that the overall T-OBS network performance remains unaffected

RRPD strategies for a T-OBS network architecture

In this paper, we deal with the physical layer impairments (PLIs) in optical burst switching (OBS). In particular we present a formulation of the routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning (RRPD) problem for a feasible translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture. Since addressing the joint RRPD problem results in an extremely complex undertaking, we decouple the problem, and hence, we eventually provide formal models to solve routing and RPD separately in the socalled R+RPD problem. Thus, making use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations, we first address the routing problem with the aim of minimizing congestion in bottleneck network links, and second, we tackle the issue of performing a sparse placement of electrical regenerators in the network. Since the RPD formulation requires high computational effort for large problem instances, we also propose two alternative heuristic strategies that provide good near-optimal solutions within reasonable time limits. To be precise, we evaluate the trade-off between optimality and complexity provided by these methods. Finally, we conduct a series of simulation experiments on the T-OBS network that prove that the R+RPD strategies effectively deal with burst losses caused by the impact of PLIs, and therefore, ensure that the overall T-OBS network performance remains unaffected

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Offline routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning for translucent OBS networks

The deployment of translucent optical networks is considered the most promising short term solution to decrease costs and energy consumption in optical backbone networks. In fact, translucent wavelength switched optical networks (WSONs) have recently received great attention from the research community due to their technological maturity. However, the inflexibility and coarse granularity of WSONs is(re)-fostering research interest in sub-wavelength switching technologies such as optical burst switching (OBS). In OBS, however, the majority of research works neglect the impact of physical layer impairments by considering either fully transparent (i.e., with optical 3R regeneration)or opaque (i.e., with electrical 3R regeneration) networks. For this very reason, in this paper we present a translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture which aims at bridging the gap between the transparent and opaque solutions. In the T-OBS network the problem of routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning (RRPD) emerges. Joint RRPD is a complex problem and, in order to approach it, we propose to decompose it into the routing and RPD subproblems. As a consequence, we provide a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the routing problem and several heuristic strategies for the RPD problem. Illustrative numerical results prove the effectiveness of these methods at minimizing the number of electrical 3R regenerators deployed in the network. Considering a broad range of network topologies, we show that the proposed RPD heuristics ensure a proper quality of transmission performance whilst at the same time providing a cost-effective T-OBS network architecture.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Offline routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning for translucent OBS networks

The deployment of translucent optical networks is considered the most promising short term solution to decrease costs and energy consumption in optical backbone networks. In fact, translucent wavelength switched optical networks (WSONs) have recently received great attention from the research community due to their technological maturity. However, the inflexibility and coarse granularity of WSONs is(re)-fostering research interest in sub-wavelength switching technologies such as optical burst switching (OBS). In OBS, however, the majority of research works neglect the impact of physical layer impairments by considering either fully transparent (i.e., with optical 3R regeneration)or opaque (i.e., with electrical 3R regeneration) networks. For this very reason, in this paper we present a translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture which aims at bridging the gap between the transparent and opaque solutions. In the T-OBS network the problem of routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning (RRPD) emerges. Joint RRPD is a complex problem and, in order to approach it, we propose to decompose it into the routing and RPD subproblems. As a consequence, we provide a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the routing problem and several heuristic strategies for the RPD problem. Illustrative numerical results prove the effectiveness of these methods at minimizing the number of electrical 3R regenerators deployed in the network. Considering a broad range of network topologies, we show that the proposed RPD heuristics ensure a proper quality of transmission performance whilst at the same time providing a cost-effective T-OBS network architecture.Peer Reviewe

An analysis of Regenerator Placement strategies for a Translucent OBS network architecture

Most research works in optical burst switching (OBS) networks do not take into account the impact of physical layer impairments (PLIs) either by considering fully transparent (i.e., using optical 3R regeneration) or opaque (i.e., electrical 3R regeneration) networks. However, both solutions are not feasible for different reasons. In this paper, we propose a novel translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture which aims at bridging the gap between the transparent and opaque solutions. In order to evaluate its performance, a formulation of the routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning problem (RRPD) is presented. Since such formulation results in a complex problem, we also propose several alternative heuristic strategies. In particular, we evaluate the trade-off between optimality and execution times provided by these methods. Finally, we conduct a series of simulation experiments that prove that the T-OBS network model proposed effectively deals with burst losses caused by the impact of PLIs and ensures that the overall network performance remains unaffected

An analysis of Regenerator Placement strategies for a Translucent OBS network architecture

Most research works in optical burst switching (OBS) networks do not take into account the impact of physical layer impairments (PLIs) either by considering fully transparent (i.e., using optical 3R regeneration) or opaque (i.e., electrical 3R regeneration) networks. However, both solutions are not feasible for different reasons. In this paper, we propose a novel translucent OBS (T-OBS) network architecture which aims at bridging the gap between the transparent and opaque solutions. In order to evaluate its performance, a formulation of the routing and regenerator placement and dimensioning problem (RRPD) is presented. Since such formulation results in a complex problem, we also propose several alternative heuristic strategies. In particular, we evaluate the trade-off between optimality and execution times provided by these methods. Finally, we conduct a series of simulation experiments that prove that the T-OBS network model proposed effectively deals with burst losses caused by the impact of PLIs and ensures that the overall network performance remains unaffected