9,950 research outputs found
Quantum-inspired Complex Word Embedding
A challenging task for word embeddings is to capture the emergent meaning or polarity of a combination of individual words. For example, existing approaches in word embeddings will assign high probabilities to the words ”Penguin” and ”Fly” if they frequently co-occur, but it fails to capture the fact that they occur in an opposite sense - Penguins do not fly. We hypothesize that humans do not associate a single polarity or sentiment to each word. The word contributes to the overall polarity of a combination of words depending upon which other words it is combined with. This is analogous to the behavior of microscopic particles which exist in all possible states at the same time and interfere with each other to give rise to new states depending upon their relative phases. We make use of the Hilbert Space representation of such particles in Quantum Mechanics where we subscribe a relative phase to each word, which is a complex number, and investigate two such quantum inspired models to derive the meaning of a combination of words. The proposed models achieve better performances than state-ofthe-art non-quantum models on the binary sentence classification task
A Quantum Many-body Wave Function Inspired Language Modeling Approach
The recently proposed quantum language model (QLM) aimed at a principled
approach to modeling term dependency by applying the quantum probability
theory. The latest development for a more effective QLM has adopted word
embeddings as a kind of global dependency information and integrated the
quantum-inspired idea in a neural network architecture. While these
quantum-inspired LMs are theoretically more general and also practically
effective, they have two major limitations. First, they have not taken into
account the interaction among words with multiple meanings, which is common and
important in understanding natural language text. Second, the integration of
the quantum-inspired LM with the neural network was mainly for effective
training of parameters, yet lacking a theoretical foundation accounting for
such integration. To address these two issues, in this paper, we propose a
Quantum Many-body Wave Function (QMWF) inspired language modeling approach. The
QMWF inspired LM can adopt the tensor product to model the aforesaid
interaction among words. It also enables us to reveal the inherent necessity of
using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in QMWF language modeling.
Furthermore, our approach delivers a simple algorithm to represent and match
text/sentence pairs. Systematic evaluation shows the effectiveness of the
proposed QMWF-LM algorithm, in comparison with the state of the art
quantum-inspired LMs and a couple of CNN-based methods, on three typical
Question Answering (QA) datasets.Comment: 10 pages,4 figures,CIK
CNM: An Interpretable Complex-valued Network for Matching
This paper seeks to model human language by the mathematical framework of
quantum physics. With the well-designed mathematical formulations in quantum
physics, this framework unifies different linguistic units in a single
complex-valued vector space, e.g. words as particles in quantum states and
sentences as mixed systems. A complex-valued network is built to implement this
framework for semantic matching. With well-constrained complex-valued
components, the network admits interpretations to explicit physical meanings.
The proposed complex-valued network for matching (CNM) achieves comparable
performances to strong CNN and RNN baselines on two benchmarking question
answering (QA) datasets
A remark on Berezin's quantization and cut locus
The consequences for Berezin's quantization on symmetric spaces of the
identity of the set of coherent vectors orthogonal to a fixed one with the cut
locus are stated precisely. It is shown that functions expressing the coherent
states, the covariant symbols of operators, the diastasis function, the
characteristic and two-point functions are defined when one variable does not
belong to the cut locus of the other one.Comment: 8 pages, Latex2e, ams fonts, to appear in "Quantizations,
Deformations and Coherent States", Edited by S. Twareque Ali, A. Odzijewicz
and A. Strasburger, Proceedings of the XV Workshop on Geometric Methods in
Physics, Bia\l owie\.{z}a, Poland, 1-7 july 1996, Rep. Math. Phys
The quantum chiral Minkowski and conformal superspaces
We give a quantum deformation of the chiral super Minkowski space in four
dimensions as the big cell inside a quantum super Grassmannian. The
quantization is performed in such way that the actions of the Poincar\'e and
conformal quantum supergroups on the quantum Minkowski and quantum conformal
superspaces are presented.Comment: 54 page
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