20 research outputs found
A Birkhoff connection between quantum circuits and linear classical reversible circuits
Birkhoff's theorem tells how any doubly stochastic matrix can be decomposed as a weighted sum of permutation matrices. Similar theorems on unitary matrices reveal a connection between quantum circuits and linear classical reversible circuits. It triggers the question whether a quantum computer can be regarded as a superposition of classical reversible computers
The Birkhoff theorem for unitary matrices of arbitrary dimensions
It was shown recently that Birkhoff's theorem for doubly stochastic matrices
can be extended to unitary matrices with equal line sums whenever the dimension
of the matrices is prime. We prove a generalization of the Birkhoff theorem for
unitary matrices with equal line sums for arbitrary dimension.Comment: This manuscript presents a proof for the general unitary birkhoff
theorem, conjectured in arXiv:1509.0862
The decomposition of an arbitrary unitary matrix into signed permutation matrices
Birkhoff's theorem tells that any doubly stochastic matrix can be decomposed
as a weighted sum of permutation matrices. A similar theorem reveals that any
unitary matrix can be decomposed as a weighted sum of complex permutation
matrices. Unitary matrices of dimension equal to a power of~2 (say )
deserve special attention, as they represent quantum qubit circuits. We
investigate which subgroup of the signed permutation matrices suffices to
decompose an arbitrary such matrix. It turns out to be a matrix group
isomorphic to the extraspecial group {\bf E} of order
. An associated projective group of order equally suffices.Comment: 4th paper in a series of Birkhoff decompositions for unitary matrices
[(1) arXiv:1509.08626; (2) arXiv:1606.08642; (3) arXiv:1812.08833
The Birkhoff theorem for unitary matrices of prime-power dimension
The unitary Birkhoff theorem states that any unitary matrix with all row sums
and all column sums equal unity can be decomposed as a weighted sum of
permutation matrices, such that both the sum of the weights and the sum of the
squared moduli of the weights are equal to unity. If the dimension~ of the
unitary matrix equals a power of a prime , i.e.\ if , then the
Birkhoff decomposition does not need all possible permutation matrices, as
the epicirculant permutation matrices suffice. This group of permutation
matrices is isomorphic to the general affine group GA() of order only
Some Initial Guidelines for Building Reusable Quantum Oracles
The evolution of quantum hardware is highlighting the need for advances in
quantum software engineering that help developers create quantum software with
good quality attributes. Specifically, reusability has been traditionally
considered an important quality attribute in terms of efficiency of cost and
effort. Increasing the reusability of quantum software will help developers
create more complex solutions, by reusing simpler components, with better
quality attributes, as long as the reused components have also these
attributes. This work focuses on the reusability of oracles, a well-known
pattern of quantum algorithms that can be used to perform functions used as
input by other algorithms. In particular, in this work, we present several
guidelines for making reusable quantum oracles. These guidelines include three
different levels for oracle reuse: the ideas inspiring the oracle, the function
which creates the oracle, and the oracle itself. To demonstrate these
guidelines, two different implementations of a range of integers oracle have
been built by reusing simpler oracles. The quality of these implementations is
evaluated in terms of functionality and quantum circuit depth. Then, we provide
an example of documentation following the proposed guidelines for both
implementations to foster reuse of the provided oracles. This work aims to be a
first point of discussion towards quantum software reusability. Additional work
is needed to establish more specific criteria for quantum software reusability.Comment: 10 page
Approximating Fractional Time Quantum Evolution
An algorithm is presented for approximating arbitrary powers of a black box
unitary operation, , where is a real number, and
is a black box implementing an unknown unitary. The complexity of
this algorithm is calculated in terms of the number of calls to the black box,
the errors in the approximation, and a certain `gap' parameter. For general
and large , one should apply a total of times followed by our procedure for approximating the fractional
power . An example is also given where for
large integers this method is more efficient than direct application of
copies of . Further applications and related algorithms are also
discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Operating with Quantum Integers: an Efficient 'Multiples of' Oracle
Quantum algorithms are a very promising field. However, creating and
manipulating these kind of algorithms is a very complex task, specially for
software engineers used to work at higher abstraction levels. The work
presented here is part of a broader research focused on providing operations of
a higher abstraction level to manipulate integers codified as a superposition.
These operations are designed to be composable and efficient, so quantum
software developers can reuse them to create more complex solutions.
Specifically, in this paper we present a 'multiples of' operation. To validate
this operation we show several examples of quantum circuits and their
simulations, including its composition possibilities. A theoretical analysis
proves that both the complexity of the required classical calculations and the
depth of the circuit scale linearly with the number of qubits. Hence, the
'multiples of' oracle is efficient in terms of complexity and depth. Finally,
an empirical study of the circuit depth is conducted to further reinforce the
theoretical analysis.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, preprint submitted to SummerSOC 202