31,545 research outputs found
Quantifying the effects of learning styles on attention
Monitoring and managing attention in the classroom is nowadays an
important aspect where the level of learner’s attention affects learning
results. When students are using devices connected to the Internet in learning
activities in which they send and received notifications, beeps, and vibrations
and blinking messages, the ability to focus becomes increasingly important.
This is true in many different domains, from the classroom to the workplace.
This paper deals with the issue of attention monitoring, with the aim of
providing a non-intrusive, reliable and easy tool that can be used freely in
schools or organizations, without changing or interfering with the established
working routines. Specifically, we look at desk students in learning activities, in
which the student spends long time interacting with the computer.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-
FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project
Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
History of art paintings through the lens of entropy and complexity
Art is the ultimate expression of human creativity that is deeply influenced
by the philosophy and culture of the corresponding historical epoch. The
quantitative analysis of art is therefore essential for better understanding
human cultural evolution. Here we present a large-scale quantitative analysis
of almost 140 thousand paintings, spanning nearly a millennium of art history.
Based on the local spatial patterns in the images of these paintings, we
estimate the permutation entropy and the statistical complexity of each
painting. These measures map the degree of visual order of artworks into a
scale of order-disorder and simplicity-complexity that locally reflects
qualitative categories proposed by art historians. The dynamical behavior of
these measures reveals a clear temporal evolution of art, marked by transitions
that agree with the main historical periods of art. Our research shows that
different artistic styles have a distinct average degree of entropy and
complexity, thus allowing a hierarchical organization and clustering of styles
according to these metrics. We have further verified that the identified groups
correspond well with the textual content used to qualitatively describe the
styles, and that the employed complexity-entropy measures can be used for an
effective classification of artworks.Comment: 10 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in PNAS
[supplementary information available at
http://www.pnas.org/highwire/filestream/824089/field_highwire_adjunct_files/0/pnas.1800083115.sapp.pdf
Actions Speak Louder Than Goals: Valuing Player Actions in Soccer
Assessing the impact of the individual actions performed by soccer players
during games is a crucial aspect of the player recruitment process.
Unfortunately, most traditional metrics fall short in addressing this task as
they either focus on rare actions like shots and goals alone or fail to account
for the context in which the actions occurred. This paper introduces (1) a new
language for describing individual player actions on the pitch and (2) a
framework for valuing any type of player action based on its impact on the game
outcome while accounting for the context in which the action happened. By
aggregating soccer players' action values, their total offensive and defensive
contributions to their team can be quantified. We show how our approach
considers relevant contextual information that traditional player evaluation
metrics ignore and present a number of use cases related to scouting and
playing style characterization in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons in
Europe's top competitions.Comment: Significant update of the paper. The same core idea, but with a
clearer methodology, applied on a different data set, and more extensive
experiments. 9 pages + 2 pages appendix. To be published at SIGKDD 201
Cultural Neuroeconomics of Intertemporal Choice
According to theories of cultural neuroscience, Westerners and Easterners may have distinct styles of cognition (e.g., different allocation of attention). Previous research has shown that Westerners and Easterners tend to utilize analytical and holistic cognitive styles, respectively. On the other hand, little is known regarding the cultural differences in neuroeconomic behavior. For instance, economic decisions may be affected by cultural differences in neurocomputational processing underlying attention; however, this area of neuroeconomics has been largely understudied. In the present paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by considering the links between the theory of cultural neuroscience and neuroeconomic theory\ud
of the role of attention in intertemporal choice. We predict that (i) Westerners are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice in comparison to Easterners, and (ii) Westerners more steeply discount delayed monetary losses than Easterners. We examine these predictions by utilizing a novel temporal discounting model based on Tsallis' statistics (i.e. a q-exponential model). Our preliminary analysis of temporal discounting of gains and losses by Americans and Japanese confirmed the predictions from the cultural neuroeconomic theory. Future study directions, employing computational modeling via neural networks, are briefly outlined and discussed
Implementation of computer assisted assessment: lessons from the literature
This paper draws attention to literature surrounding the subject of computer-assisted assessment (CAA). A brief overview of traditional methods of assessment is presented, highlighting areas of concern in existing techniques. CAA is then defined, and instances of its introduction in various educational spheres are identified, with the main focus of the paper concerning the implementation of CAA. Through referenced articles, evidence is offered to inform practitioners, and direct further research into CAA from a technological and pedagogical perspective. This includes issues relating to interoperability of questions, security, test construction and testing higher cognitive skills. The paper concludes by suggesting that an institutional strategy for CAA coupled with staff development in test construction for a CAA environment can increase the chances of successful implementation
Fashion Conversation Data on Instagram
The fashion industry is establishing its presence on a number of
visual-centric social media like Instagram. This creates an interesting clash
as fashion brands that have traditionally practiced highly creative and
editorialized image marketing now have to engage with people on the platform
that epitomizes impromptu, realtime conversation. What kinds of fashion images
do brands and individuals share and what are the types of visual features that
attract likes and comments? In this research, we take both quantitative and
qualitative approaches to answer these questions. We analyze visual features of
fashion posts first via manual tagging and then via training on convolutional
neural networks. The classified images were examined across four types of
fashion brands: mega couture, small couture, designers, and high street. We
find that while product-only images make up the majority of fashion
conversation in terms of volume, body snaps and face images that portray
fashion items more naturally tend to receive a larger number of likes and
comments by the audience. Our findings bring insights into building an
automated tool for classifying or generating influential fashion information.
We make our novel dataset of {24,752} labeled images on fashion conversations,
containing visual and textual cues, available for the research community.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, This paper will be presented at ICWSM'1
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