Redirecting resources to community based services : a concept paper

A legacy of the command economy in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union is a social protection system that emphasizes institutional care for vulnerable individuals. It has been well established that in many cases institutionalization can be more expensive per client served and produce inferior welfare outcomes than more inclusive approaches designed to support individuals within their families and communities. But countries seeking to change the model of services face a number of financial constraints, including redirecting resources away from institutions. How can countries develop the new programs in an affordable manner? How should they change the financing flows to support the new options, without putting the burden of financing on the vulnerable themselves? The objective of this paper is to provide a framework to help countries re-orient their financing systems for social care. The paper first reviews key concepts in social care financing and then applies them to the problem of changing social care models in ECA countries.Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators

Social services delivery through community-based projects

The World Bank is financing an increasing number of community-based social services projects. The objective of this paper is to review and categorize the extent, scope and mechanisms of these projects in the current Bank portfolio, and to identify good practices and potential pitfalls. The authors identify 99 projects that finance at least $1.6 billion in social services. While most of the projects surveyed deliver"traditional"services such as nutrition, maternal and child care, and literacy, the scope of many projects has expanded to include newer services such as counseling, home-based care for the elderly and disabled, and early childhood development.Health Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Governance Indicators,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Municipal Financial Management

Supporting community-based exercise in long-term neurological conditions: experience from the Long-term Individual Fitness Enablement (LIFE) project

BACKGROUND: Patients with long-term neurological conditions often have low levels of physical activity and participation in exercise. Exercise referral schemes have been introduced in the UK to encourage physical activity in sedentary and clinical populations but typically exclude patients with long-term neurological conditions. We have developed and evaluated an exercise support system for people with long-term neurological disability, called the Physical Activity Support System, to enable them to use local gym facilities safely and effectively. The intervention: We describe the Physical Activity Support System for people with long-term neurological conditions and provide data on the use of this system in a phase II randomized controlled study trial. The system has five key components: access and transport advice, the fitness instructor, the gym, health professional support and how to exercise safely. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients with a range of long-term neurological conditions used six different community exercise facilities in Oxfordshire and Birmingham. Average gym attendance was one session per week for 12 weeks. Participants required an average of three 1-hour face-to-face physiotherapy contacts to achieve this. The average direct cost for the support system was £275. CONCLUSIONS: The scheme achieved comparable exercise participation to standard GP exercise referral schemes operating in the same centres and offers a relatively cheap, practical and feasible system for supporting people with long-term neurological conditions

A More Perfect Union: A National Citizenship Plan

A More Perfect Union: A National Citizenship Plan sets forth the resources, activities, and partnerships that would be required to naturalize as many eligible immigrants as possible. It calls for a national mobilization in support of citizenship, identifying the roles of government, immigrant service agencies, and other sectors of society in a coordinated plan. It describes a program that could serve as a linchpin of an emerging U.S. immigrant integration strategy.Access the complete report via the download link below. An executive summary and individual chapters may be downloaded at http://www.cliniclegal.org/DNP/citzplan.html

The Latino Age Wave: What Changing Ethnic Demographics Mean for the Future of Aging in the U.S.

Highlights data on aging Latinos/Hispanics, trends in the assets and needs of community-based organizations serving or that could serve older Latinos, and strategies for addressing gaps in supportive policies. Outlines best practices and recommendations

Smart kitchen for Ambient Assisted Living

El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad en todos los países desarrollados. Las predicciones de crecimiento de esta población son alarmantes, planteando un reto para los servicios sociales y sanitarios. Las personas ancianas padecen diversas discapacidades que se van acentuando con la edad, siendo más propensas a sufrir accidentes domésticos, presentando problemas para realizar tareas cotidianas, etc. Esta situación conlleva a una pérdida paulatina de capacidades que en muchas ocasiones acaba con la vida autónoma de la persona. En este contexto, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) aplicadas al entorno doméstico pueden jugar un papel importante, permitiendo que las personas ancianas vivan más tiempo, de forma independiente en su propio hogar, presentando, por tanto, una alternativa a la hospitalización o institucionalización de las mismas. Este trabajo da un paso más en este sentido, presentando el diseño y desarrollo de un Ambiente Inteligente en la cocina, que ayuda a las personas ancianas y/o con discapacidad a desempeñar sus actividades de la vida diaria de una forma más fácil y sencilla. Esta tesis realiza sus principales aportaciones en dos campos: El metodológico y el tecnológico. Por un lado se presenta una metodología sistemática para extraer necesidades de colectivos específicos a fin de mejorar la información disponible por el equipo de diseño del producto, servicio o sistema. Esta metodología se basa en el estudio de la interacción Hombre-Máquina en base a los paradigmas y modelos existentes y el modelado y descripción de las capacidades del usuario en la misma utilizado el lenguaje estandarizado propuesto en la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF). Adicionalmente, se plantea el problema de la evaluación tecnológica, diseñando la metodología de evaluación de la tecnología con la finalidad de conocer su accesibilidad, funcionalidad y usabilidad del sistema desarrollado y aplicándola a 61 usuarios y 31 profesionales de la gerontología. Desde un punto de vista técnico, se afronta el diseño de un ambiente asistido inteligente (Ambient Assisted Living, AAL) en la cocina, planteando y definiendo la arquitectura del sistema. Esta arquitectura, basada en OSGi (Open Services Gateway initiative), oferta un sistema modular, con altas capacidades de interoperabilidad y escalabilidad. Además, se diseña e implementa una red de sensores distribuida en el entorno con el fin de obtener la mayor información posible del contexto, presentando distintos algoritmos para obtener información de alto nivel: detección de caídas o localización. Todos los dispositivos presentes en el entorno han sido modelados utilizando la taxonomía propuesta en OSGi4AmI, extendiendo la misma a los electrodomésticos más habituales de la cocina. Finalmente, se presenta el diseño e implementación de la inteligencia del sistema, que en función de la información procedente del contexto y de las capacidades del usuario da soporte a las principales actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) en la cocina

Кибербезопасность в образовательных сетях

The paper discusses the possible impact of digital space on a human, as well as human-related directions in cyber-security analysis in the education: levels of cyber-security, social engineering role in cyber-security of education, “cognitive vaccination”. “A Human” is considered in general meaning, mainly as a learner. The analysis is provided on the basis of experience of hybrid war in Ukraine that have demonstrated the change of the target of military operations from military personnel and critical infrastructure to a human in general. Young people are the vulnerable group that can be the main goal of cognitive operations in long-term perspective, and they are the weakest link of the System.У статті обговорюється можливий вплив цифрового простору на людину, а також пов'язані з людиною напрямки кібербезпеки в освіті: рівні кібербезпеки, роль соціального інжинірингу в кібербезпеці освіти, «когнітивна вакцинація». «Людина» розглядається в загальному значенні, головним чином як та, що навчається. Аналіз надається на основі досвіду гібридної війни в Україні, яка продемонструвала зміну цілей військових операцій з військовослужбовців та критичної інфраструктури на людину загалом. Молодь - це вразлива група, яка може бути основною метою таких операцій в довгостроковій перспективі, і вони є найслабшою ланкою системи.В документе обсуждается возможное влияние цифрового пространства на человека, а также связанные с ним направления в анализе кибербезопасности в образовании: уровни кибербезопасности, роль социальной инженерии в кибербезопасности образования, «когнитивная вакцинация». «Человек» рассматривается в общем смысле, в основном как ученик. Анализ представлен на основе опыта гибридной войны в Украине, которая продемонстрировала изменение цели военных действий с военного персонала и критической инфраструктуры на человека в целом. Молодые люди являются уязвимой группой, которая может быть главной целью когнитивных операций в долгосрочной перспективе, и они являются самым слабым звеном Систем

TYPES OF DISABILITY AS PER RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, 2016: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

Education is an essential part of modern, civilized, advanced and developed society and its progress can never be completed and multidimensional, today when we talk about education, the shape of inclusive education comes to the fore. Due to which normal and disabled get education by sitting at the same table in a school together. Without inclusive education, the education of disabled cannot be given in full and real shape. In the 21st century, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 came into force, which led to the development of a new consciousness among disabled (Divyangjan, 2021). Under which making disabled aware, bringing disabled into the mainstream of society through inclusive education, use of educational technology, barrier free environment, categorizing the existing 7 to 21 types of disability and increasing many services operates.  Article visualizations

Accessible Tourism in Russia: Recommendations for a Universal Design, Barrier-free Environment

Recently, barrier-free tourism has become increasingly important. The number of people with disabilities around the world is growing. Most of these people want and can travel. But not all countries and cities have a sufficiently adapted environment for comfortable movement. The purposes of this master’s thesis are to research accessible tourism in the cities of the Russian Federation, determine the problems that people with disabilities face in Russia during travel, understand how the lack of an available environment affects the desire to travel. The principles of universal design are also discussed in this work, and special attention is paid to how these principles should be followed in the tourism industry. In addition, define what changes will be the most effective in developing an accessible environment and will be able to lead to an increase in the number of disabled people as participants in tourism. This study is based on semi-structured interviews. The questions for the research have been prepared after an extensive analysis of the current state of the theory. The research was performed among people with disabilities who use wheelchairs or their caregivers. The experiences of twelve participants were evaluated. The analyses of the interviews identified several challenges that the participants were dealing with. These findings provided a clearer understanding of the problems currently being experienced by the study group. They also helped address a number of outstanding research questions. To sum up the findings of this research, the availability of an accessible environment is a crucial factor when choosing a holiday destination for people with disabilities and their caregivers. The developed accessible environment gives people with disabilities a sense of freedom, independence, and makes them equal members of society and motivates them to choose new places to travel. Thus, creating a barrier-free environment might play an important role in attracting new visitors and become a serious competitive advantage among tourism companies