1,326 research outputs found
Random Linear Network Coding for 5G Mobile Video Delivery
An exponential increase in mobile video delivery will continue with the
demand for higher resolution, multi-view and large-scale multicast video
services. Novel fifth generation (5G) 3GPP New Radio (NR) standard will bring a
number of new opportunities for optimizing video delivery across both 5G core
and radio access networks. One of the promising approaches for video quality
adaptation, throughput enhancement and erasure protection is the use of
packet-level random linear network coding (RLNC). In this review paper, we
discuss the integration of RLNC into the 5G NR standard, building upon the
ideas and opportunities identified in 4G LTE. We explicitly identify and
discuss in detail novel 5G NR features that provide support for RLNC-based
video delivery in 5G, thus pointing out to the promising avenues for future
research.Comment: Invited paper for Special Issue "Network and Rateless Coding for
Video Streaming" - MDPI Informatio
A QoE based performance study of mobile peer-to-peer live video streaming
Peer-to-peer (P2P) Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are widely envisioned to be a practical platform to mobile live video streaming applications (e.g., mobile IPTV). However, the performance of such a streaming solution is still largely unknown. As such, in this paper, we aim to quantify the streaming performance using a Quality of Experience (QoE) based approach. Our simulation results indicate that video streaming performance is highly sensitive to the video chunk size. Specifically, if the chunk size is small, performance, in terms of both QoE and QoS, is guaranteed but at the expense of a higher overhead. On the other hand, if chunk size is increased, performance can degrade quite rapidly. Thus, it needs some careful fine tuning of chunk size to obtain satisfactory QoE performance. © 2012 IEEE.published_or_final_versio
Towards video streaming in IoT environments: vehicular communication perspective
Multimedia oriented Internet of Things (IoT) enables pervasive and real-time communication of video, audio and image data among devices in an immediate surroundings. Today's vehicles have the capability of supporting real time multimedia acquisition. Vehicles with high illuminating infrared cameras and customized sensors can communicate with other on-road devices using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and 5G enabled communication technologies. Real time incidence of both urban and highway vehicular traffic environment can be captured and transmitted using vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication modes. Video streaming in vehicular IoT (VSV-IoT) environments is in growing stage with several challenges that need to be addressed ranging from limited resources in IoT devices, intermittent connection in vehicular networks, heterogeneous devices, dynamism and scalability in video encoding, bandwidth underutilization in video delivery, and attaining application-precise quality of service in video streaming. In this context, this paper presents a comprehensive review on video streaming in IoT environments focusing on vehicular communication perspective. Specifically, significance of video streaming in vehicular IoT environments is highlighted focusing on integration of vehicular communication with 5G enabled IoT technologies, and smart city oriented application areas for VSV-IoT. A taxonomy is presented for the classification of related literature on video streaming in vehicular network environments. Following the taxonomy, critical review of literature is performed focusing on major functional model, strengths and weaknesses. Metrics for video streaming in vehicular IoT environments are derived and comparatively analyzed in terms of their usage and evaluation capabilities. Open research challenges in VSV-IoT are identified as future directions of research in the area. The survey would benefit both IoT and vehicle industry practitioners and researchers, in terms of augmenting understanding of vehicular video streaming and its IoT related trends and issues
Design and Implementation of a Communication Protocol to Improve Multimedia QoS and QoE in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
[EN] This dissertation addresses the problem of multimedia delivery over multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks, and especially over wireless sensor networks. Due to their characteristics of low power consumption, low processing capacity and low memory capacity, they have major difficulties in achieving optimal quality levels demanded by end users in such communications.
In the first part of this work, it has been carried out a study to determine the behavior of a variety of multimedia streams and how they are affected by the network conditions when they are transmitted over topologies formed by devices of different technologies in multi hop wireless ad hoc mode. To achieve this goal, we have performed experimental tests using a test bench, which combine the main codecs used in audio and video streaming over IP networks with different sound and video captures representing the characteristic patterns of multimedia services such as phone calls, video communications, IPTV and video on demand (VOD). With the information gathered in the laboratory, we have been able to establish the correlation between the induced changes in the physical and logical topology and the network parameters that measure the quality of service (QoS) of a multimedia transmission, such as latency, jitter or packet loss. At this stage of the investigation, a study was performed to determine the state of the art of the proposed protocols, algorithms, and practical implementations that have been explicitly developed to optimize the multimedia transmission over wireless ad hoc networks, especially in ad hoc networks using clusters of nodes distributed over a geographic area and wireless sensor networks.
Next step of this research was the development of an algorithm focused on the logical organization of clusters formed by nodes capable of adapting to the circumstances of real-time traffic. The stated goal was to achieve the maximum utilization of the resources offered by the set of nodes that forms the network, allowing simultaneously sending reliably and efficiently all types of content through them, and mixing conventional IP data traffic with multimedia traffic with stringent QoS and QoE requirements. Using the information gathered in the previous phase, we have developed a network architecture that improves overall network performance and multimedia streaming. In parallel, it has been designed and programmed a communication protocol that allows implementing the proposal and testing its operation on real network infrastructures.
In the last phase of this thesis we have focused our work on sending multimedia in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Based on the above results, we have adapted both the architecture and the communication protocol for this particular type of network, whose use has been growing hugely in recent years.[ES] Esta tesis doctoral aborda el problema de la distribuciĂłn de contenidos multimedia a travĂ©s de redes inalámbricas ad hoc multisalto, especialmente las redes inalámbricas de sensores que, debido a sus caracterĂsticas de bajo consumo energĂ©tico, baja capacidad de procesamiento y baja capacidad de memoria, plantean grandes dificultades para alcanzar los niveles de calidad Ăłptimos que exigen los usuarios finales en dicho tipo de comunicaciones.
En la primera parte de este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio para determinar el comportamiento de una gran variedad de flujos multimedia y como se ven afectados por las condiciones de la red cuando son transmitidos a travĂ©s topologĂas formadas por dispositivos de diferentes tecnologĂas que se comunican en modo ad hoc multisalto inalámbrico. Para ello, se han realizado pruebas experimentales sobre una maqueta de laboratorio, combinando los principales cĂłdecs empleados en la transmisiĂłn de audio y video a travĂ©s de redes IP con diversas capturas de sonido y video que representan patrones caracterĂsticos de servicios multimedia tales como las llamadas telefĂłnicas, videoconferencias, IPTV o video bajo demanda (VOD). Con la informaciĂłn reunida en el laboratorio se ha podido establecer la correlaciĂłn entre los cambios inducidos en la topologĂa fĂsica y lĂłgica de la red con los parámetros que miden la calidad de servicio (QoS) de una transmisiĂłn multimedia, tales como la latencia el jitter o la pĂ©rdida de paquetes. En esta fase de la investigaciĂłn se realiza un estudio para determinar el estado del arte de las propuestas de desarrollo e implementaciĂłn de protocolos y algoritmos que se han generado de forma explĂcita para optimizar la transmisiĂłn de tráfico multimedia sobre redes ad hoc inalámbricas, especialmente en las redes inalámbricas de sensores y redes ad hoc utilizando clĂşsteres de nodos distribuidos en un espacio geográfico.
El siguiente paso en la investigaciĂłn ha consistido en el desarrollo de un algoritmo propio para la organizaciĂłn lĂłgica de clĂşsteres formados por nodos capaces de adaptarse a las circunstancias del tráfico en tiempo real. El objetivo planteado es conseguir un aprovechamiento máximo de los recursos ofrecidos por el conjunto de nodos que forman la red, permitiendo de forma simultánea el envĂo de todo tipo de contenidos a travĂ©s de ellos de forma confiable y eficiente, permitiendo la convivencia de tráfico de datos IP convencional con tráfico multimedia con requisitos exigentes de QoS y QoE. A partir de la informaciĂłn conseguida en la fase anterior, se ha desarrollado una arquitectura de red que mejora el rendimiento general de la red y el de las transmisiones multimedia de audio y video en particular. De forma paralela, se ha diseñado y programado un protocolo de comunicaciĂłn que permite implementar el modelo y testear su funcionamiento sobre infraestructuras de red reales.
En la Ăşltima fase de esta tesis se ha dirigido la atenciĂłn hacia la transmisiĂłn multimedia en las redes de sensores inalámbricos (WSN). Partiendo de los resultados anteriores, se ha adaptado tanto la arquitectura como el protocolo de comunicaciones para este tipo concreto de red, cuyo uso se ha extendido en los Ăşltimos años de forma considerable[CA] Esta tesi doctoral aborda el problema de la distribuciĂł de continguts multimèdia a travĂ©s de xarxes sense fil ad hoc multi salt, especialment les xarxes sense fil de sensors que, a causa de les seues caracterĂstiques de baix consum energètic, baixa capacitat de processament i baixa capacitat de memòria, plantegen grans dificultats per a aconseguir els nivells de qualitat òptims que exigixen els usuaris finals en eixos tipus de comunicacions.
En la primera part d'este treball s'ha dut a terme un estudi per a determinar el comportament d'una gran varietat de fluxos multimèdia i com es veuen afectats per les condicions de la xarxa quan sĂłn transmesos a travĂ©s topologies formades per dispositius de diferents tecnologies que es comuniquen en mode ad hoc multi salt sense fil. Per a això, s'han realitzat proves experimentals sobre una maqueta de laboratori, combinant els principals cĂłdecs empleats en la transmissiĂł d'Ă udio i vĂdeo a travĂ©s de xarxes IP amb diverses captures de so i vĂdeo que representen patrons caracterĂstics de serveis multimèdia com son les cridades telefòniques, videoconferències, IPTV o vĂdeo baix demanda (VOD). Amb la informaciĂł reunida en el laboratori s'ha pogut establir la correlaciĂł entre els canvis induĂŻts en la topologia fĂsica i lògica de la xarxa amb els parĂ metres que mesuren la qualitat de servei (QoS) d'una transmissiĂł multimèdia, com la latència el jitter o la pèrdua de paquets. En esta fase de la investigaciĂł es realitza un estudi per a determinar l'estat de l'art de les propostes de desenvolupament i implementaciĂł de protocols i algoritmes que s'han generat de forma explĂcita per a optimitzar la transmissiĂł de trĂ fic multimèdia sobre xarxes ad hoc sense fil, especialment en les xarxes sense fil de sensors and xarxes ad hoc utilitzant clusters de nodes distribuĂŻts en un espai geogrĂ fic.
El segĂĽent pas en la investigaciĂł ha consistit en el desenvolupament d'un algoritme propi per a l'organitzaciĂł lògica de clusters formats per nodes capaços d'adaptar-se a les circumstĂ ncies del trĂ fic en temps real. L'objectiu plantejat Ă©s aconseguir un aprofitament mĂ xim dels recursos oferits pel conjunt de nodes que formen la xarxa, permetent de forma simultĂ nia l'enviament de qualsevol tipus de continguts a travĂ©s d'ells de forma confiable i eficient, permetent la convivència de trĂ fic de dades IP convencional amb trĂ fic multimèdia amb requisits exigents de QoS i QoE. A partir de la informaciĂł aconseguida en la fase anterior, s'ha desenvolupat una arquitectura de xarxa que millora el rendiment general de la xarxa i el de les transmissions multimèdia d'Ă udio i vĂdeo en particular. De forma paralÂżlela, s'ha dissenyat i programat un protocol de comunicaciĂł que permet implementar el model i testejar el seu funcionament sobre infraestructures de xarxa reals.
En l'Ăşltima fase d'esta tesi s'ha dirigit l'atenciĂł cap a la transmissiĂł multimèdia en les xarxes de sensors sense fil (WSN). Partint dels resultats anteriors, s'ha adaptat tant l'arquitectura com el protocol de comunicacions per a aquest tipus concret de xarxa, l'Ăşs del qual s'ha estĂ©s en els Ăşltims anys de forma considerable.DĂaz Santos, JR. (2016). Design and Implementation of a Communication Protocol to Improve
Multimedia QoS and QoE in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62162TESI
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Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications “on the move”, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
Ontwerp en evaluatie van content distributie netwerken voor multimediale streaming diensten.
Traditionele Internetgebaseerde diensten voor het verspreiden van bestanden, zoals Web browsen en het versturen van e-mails, worden aangeboden via één centrale server. Meer recente netwerkdiensten zoals interactieve digitale televisie of video-op-aanvraag vereisen echter hoge kwaliteitsgaranties (QoS), zoals een lage en constante netwerkvertraging, en verbruiken een aanzienlijke hoeveelheid bandbreedte op het netwerk. Architecturen met één centrale server kunnen deze garanties moeilijk bieden en voldoen daarom niet meer aan de hoge eisen van de volgende generatie multimediatoepassingen. In dit onderzoek worden daarom nieuwe netwerkarchitecturen bestudeerd, die een dergelijke dienstkwaliteit kunnen ondersteunen. Zowel peer-to-peer mechanismes, zoals bij het uitwisselen van muziekbestanden tussen eindgebruikers, als servergebaseerde oplossingen, zoals gedistribueerde caches en content distributie netwerken (CDN's), komen aan bod. Afhankelijk van de bestudeerde dienst en de gebruikte netwerktechnologieën en -architectuur, worden gecentraliseerde algoritmen voor netwerkontwerp voorgesteld. Deze algoritmen optimaliseren de plaatsing van de servers of netwerkcaches en bepalen de nodige capaciteit van de servers en netwerklinks. De dynamische plaatsing van de aangeboden bestanden in de verschillende netwerkelementen wordt aangepast aan de heersende staat van het netwerk en aan de variërende aanvraagpatronen van de eindgebruikers. Serverselectie, herroutering van aanvragen en het verspreiden van de belasting over het hele netwerk komen hierbij ook aan bod
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