On Missing Bianchi Identities in Cohomology Formulation

In this article, we perform a deep analysis of the Bianchi identities in the two known formulations developed for the four-dimensional effective type IIA supergravity theory with (non-)geometric fluxes. In what we call the `first formulation', fluxes are expressed in the real six-dimensional indices while in the `second formulation', fluxes are written in the cohomology form. We find that the set of flux constraints arising from these two known formulations are not equivalent, and there are missing identities in the cohomology version which need to be supplemented to match with the first formulation. By analyzing two explicit examples, we conjecture a model independent form for (the most of) the missing identities. These identities have been mostly overlooked in the previous attempts of studying moduli stabilization, particularly for the models developed in the beyond toroidal frameworks, where they could play some important role.Comment: v2: 24 pages + 3 appendices, minor improvements and references added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.07310; v3: minor updates, published versio

Streamflow Duration Curves: Focus on Low Flows

Flow duration curves (FDCs) express the link between a selected streamflow and the percentage in time such value is exceeded. The curves provide a graphical insight into hydrological regimes, though, the absence of time-series data is a significant shortcoming. Conversely to what happens with hygrograms, flows in FDCs are represented without regard of sequence of occurrence. This paper explores FDCs of 19 catchments for which, at least, 10 years of daily discharges are available. FDCs can be built for any temporal scale (i.e. daily, weekly, monthly). In this study daily discharges have been adopted because daily scale better represents the variation in flow. A particular focus is on low flow data which are useful to the design: fish ladders, environmental passages and low flow diversions. The work also introduces a unique hydrological area having the inner catchments similar response among themselves in terms of low flow data. For such an hydrologically homogeneous area, environmental flow, namely the amount of water released uniquely for biological requirements, is appropriately detected

Seismic design of reinforced concrete frames according to the Eurocode 8 by utilizing SAP 2000

Assessed is the adequacy of the SAP2000 algorithm for design of reinforced concrete frames for ductility class medium according to Eurocode 8. The use of the program was demonstrated by means of a six-storey and eleven-storey reinforced concrete frame building. Described is design process of beams and columns according to the capacity design rules prescribed by Eurocode 8. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the description of the actions on the building and assessment of corresponding internal forces. Next, the structures are designed for ductility class medium. In the third part, results obtained by SAP2000 are compared by those obtained according to hand calculations. Three shortcomings were found in the SAP algorithm. Namely, the design shear force of beams and columns was not assessed entirely according to capacity design approach prescribed by Eurocode 8. Similar observation can be made for the check of columns bending capacity (strong column – weak beam). The source for such inconsistency could not be found since the program does not provide a detailed output. However, SAP2000 gives correct results for the design of beams and columns without consideration of Eurocode 8 principles

Influence of capacity design principles on required amount of reinforcement of a reinforced concrete

The thesis deals with a design of a six-storey reinforced concrete building with a two-storey basement.\ud The main objective was to evaluate the difference in the required amount of reinforcement, if\ud determined based on the design seismic action with consideration of the provisions of SIST EN 1992\ud standard or with consideration of provisions of SIST EN 1992 and 1998. The latter aproach increases\ud the design safety due to more restrictive design requirements and due to the prescribed use of capacity\ud design method. Firstly, the basis of earthquake-resistant design of reinforced concrete buildings is\ud summarized in the thesis, followed by the description of the building's model and analysis, which,\ud among other things, involves checks of the second order effects and the check of the serviceability\ud limit state. Computer program SAP2000 was used for the analysis and partly for the design of the\ud building, whereas walls were designed with computer program DIAS. The structural system of the\ud building in both directions is an uncoupled wall system, which was taken into consideration for the\ud design according to SIST EN 1998, where ductility class medium (DCM) was assumed. Comparison\ud of results showed that more reinforcement is needed when SIST EN 1998 provisions are applied. This\ud was the most evident for walls, since the increase of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement with\ud respect to that based on SIST EN 1992 amounted to 37 % and 27 % respectively

Assessing Glucose Uptake through the Yeast Hexose Transporter 1 (Hxt1)

The transport of glucose across the plasma membrane is mediated by members of the glucose transporter family. In this study, we investigated glucose uptake through the yeast hexose transporter 1 (Hxt1) by measuring incorporation of 2-NBDG, a non-metabolizable, fluorescent glucose analog, into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that 2-NBDG is not incorporated into the hxt null strain lacking all glucose transporter genes and that this defect is rescued by expression of wild type Hxt1, but not of Hxt1 with mutations at the putative glucose-binding residues, inferred from the alignment of yeast and human glucose transporter sequences. Similarly, the growth defect of the hxt null strain on glucose is fully complemented by expression of wild type Hxt1, but not of the mutant Hxt1 proteins. Thus, 2-NBDG, like glucose, is likely to be transported into the yeast cells through the glucose transport system. Hxt1 is internalized and targeted to the vacuole for degradation in response to glucose starvation. Among the mutant Hxt1 proteins, Hxt1N370A and HXT1W473A are resistant to such degradation. Hxt1N370A, in particular, is able to neither uptake 2-NBDG nor restore the growth defect of the hxt null strain on glucose. These results demonstrate 2-NBDG as a fluorescent probe for glucose uptake in the yeast cells and identify N370 as a critical residue for the stability and function of Hxt1

Rent sharing in the multi-fibre arrangement : theory and evidence from US apparel imports from Hong Kong

Available estimates of tariff equivalents of quotas and welfare calculations on the costs of multi-fibre arrangements (MFA) for developing countries are based on the premise of perfect competition in both product and license markets. It is also assumed that the exporting countries that administer the MFA quotas receive all the scarcity rents. The authors argue that, in the presence of market power on the buyers'side in the product markets combined with concentration in the license markets, the importing countries might retain part of this rent. Although the impact of imperfect competition on rent appropriation has been analyzed in literature, rent sharing has so far been ignored in both analytical and empirical work. This paper makes a theoretical case for rent sharing, and then analyzes U.S. imports of apparel products from Hong Kong. The authors find that rent sharing substantially affects the estimated magnitude of welfare losses that exporting developing countries suffer because of MFA quotas.Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance

Intragenic Dominant Suppressors of glp-1, a Gene Essential for Cell-Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans, Support a Role for cdcl O/SWZ6/Ankyrin Motifs in GLP-1 Function

The glp-1 gene product mediates cell-cell interactions required for cell fate specification during development in Caenorhabditis elegans. To identify genes that interact with glp-1, we screened for dominant suppressors of two temperature-sensitive glp-1 alleles and recovered 18 mutations that suppress both germline and embryonic glp-1 phenotypes. These dominant suppressors are tightly linked to glp-1 and do not bypass the requirement for a distal tip cell, which is thought to be the source of a signal that is received and transduced by the GLP-1 protein. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing, we found that at least 17 suppressors are second-site intragenic revertants. The suppressors, like the original glp-1(ts) mutations, are all located in the cdc10/SWI6/ankyrin domain of GLP-1. cdc10/SWI6/ankyrin motifs have been shown to mediate specific protein-protein interactions in other polypeptides. We propose that the glp-1(ts) mutations disrupt contact between GLP-1 and an as yet unidentified target protein(s) and that the dominant suppressor mutations restore appropriate protein-protein interactions

Design of Reinforced Concrete Wall System Building According to HRN EN 1998-1:2011 : Master's Thesis

Za građevinu smještenu u Splitu izvršen je proračun na potres prema HRN EN 1998-1:2011 modalnim proračunom primjenom spektra odziva. Radi se o AB zgradi zidnog konstrukcijskog sustava na kojoj je proračun izvršen za razrede umjerene i visoke duktilnosti te je analiziran utjecaj odabranog razreda duktilnosti na proračun, razradu detalja armiranja i ukupan utrošak čelika pri armiranju karakterističnoga zida. Posebna pažnja je posvećena detaljiranju lokalne duktilnosti, odabiru kritičnih područja te izboru odgovarajuće armature.The design of earthquake resistant building located in Split was performed by modal response spectrum analysis according to the rules of HRN EN 1998-1:2011. Reinforced concrete wall system building is designed using two ductility classes DCM (medium ductility) and DCH (high ductility), working out the details of reinforcement and the total demand of steel for the characteristic wall. Special attention is paid to detailing of local ductility, selection of the critical regions and selection of appropriate reinforcement