N-variant Hardware Design

The emergence of lightweight embedded devices imposes stringent constraints on the area and power of the circuits used to construct them. Meanwhile, many of these embedded devices are used in applications that require diversity and flexibility to make them secure and adaptable to the fluctuating workload or variable fabric. While field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide high flexibility, the use of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to implement such devices is more appealing because ASICs can currently provide an order of magnitude less area and better performance in terms of power and speed. My proposed research introduces the N-variant hardware design methodology that adds the sufficient flexibility needed by such devices while preserving the performance and area advantages of using ASICs. The N-variant hardware design embeds different variants of the design control part on the same IC to provide diversity and flexibility. Because the control circuitry usually represents a small fraction of the whole circuit, using multiple versions of the control circuitry is expected to have a low overhead. The objective of my thesis is to formulate a method that provides the following advantages: (i) ease of integration in the current ASIC design flow, (ii) minimal impact on the performance and area of the ASIC design, and (iii) providing a wide range of applications for hardware security and tuning the performance of chips either statically (e.g., post-silicon optimization) or dynamically (at runtime). This is achieved by adding diversity at two orthogonal levels: (i) state space diversity, and (ii) scheduling diversity. State space diversity expands the state space of the controller. Using state space diversity, we introduce an authentication mechanism and the first active hardware metering schemes. On the other hand, scheduling diversity is achieved by embedding different control schedules in the same design. The scheduling diversity can be spatial, temporal, or a hybrid of both methods. Spatial diversity is achieved by implementing multiple control schedules that use various parts of the chip at different rates. Temporal diversity provides variants of the controller that can operate at unequal speeds. A hybrid of both spatial and temporal diversities can also be implemented. Scheduling diversity is used to add the flexibility to tune the performance of the chip. An application of the thermal management of the chip is demonstrated using scheduling diversity. Experimental results show that the proposed method is easy to integrate in the current ASIC flow, has a wide range of applications, and incurs low overhead

Excellentia Eminentia Effectio

"In these pages you will learn about the fascinating research endeavors that each of our faculty members is undertaking. We have divided their research into the broad categories of health, sustainability, information, and systems. While we recognize the imperfect nature of categorizing research that, by its very nature may be interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary, we nonetheless believe it will be helpful as a way to see the depth and breadth of our research endeavors within each grouping. As you read the profiles on these pages, I know you will begin to appreciate that, taken as a whole, the research spectrum at Columbia Engineering is exceptional and that, as our professors go about their work, they are at the cusp of making breakthroughs that will have a major impact on the way we live our lives today and tomorrow.

ESTCube-1 electrical power system - design, implementation and testing

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2656616~S1*es

Ancillary Services in Hybrid AC/DC Low Voltage Distribution Networks

In the last decade, distribution systems are experiencing a drastic transformation with the advent of new technologies. In fact, distribution networks are no longer passive systems, considering the current integration rates of new agents such as distributed generation, electrical vehicles and energy storage, which are greatly influencing the way these systems are operated. In addition, the intrinsic DC nature of these components, interfaced to the AC system through power electronics converters, is unlocking the possibility for new distribution topologies based on AC/DC networks. This paper analyzes the evolution of AC distribution systems, the advantages of AC/DC hybrid arrangements and the active role that the new distributed agents may play in the upcoming decarbonized paradigm by providing different ancillary services.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ENE2017-84813-RUnión Europea (Programa Horizonte 2020) 76409

Bending the Arc Toward Justice: The Current Era of Juvenile Justice Reform in Georgia

America’s juvenile justice system is experiencing another era of reform. The formal juvenile justice system originated from the ideology and methods of social reformers who viewed deviant behavior as a treatable condition and sought redemption of criminal youth. In the first era of reform, that view powered the state’s exercise of its parens patriae authority and produced a paternalistic judiciary and institutions that used custody as a means of achieving social control. Over time, changing political and social views of childhood and a growing recognition in the law of children as rights-holders shifted the system’s focus away from the rehabilitative ideal. At its extreme, this second era of reform abandoned the developmental view of youth crime in favor of a public safety orientation and resulted in a system overcorrection. The present era of juvenile justice system reform preserves the developmental approach and restores the rehabilitative ideal while striking a better balance between state interests and the rights of individual children. This Article traces the history of the juvenile justice system and reflects on the present era of system reform. Early indications suggest that, through the use of evidence previously not available, the current era of juvenile justice system reform has the potential to restore the rehabilitative ideal on which the system was founded without compromising public safety goals or the legal rights of system-involved children. This Article specifically documents the effort, engagement, and leadership across public and private sectors to effectuate such balanced state-level reform in Georgia—the focus of this Symposium

Annual Report 2017-2018

LETTER FROM THE DEAN I am pleased to share with you the College of Computing and Digital Media’s (CDM) 2017-18 annual report, highlighting the many achievements across our community. It was a big year. We began offering five new programs (two bachelor’s, two master’s, and one PhD) across our three schools, in addition to several new certificate programs through our Institute for Professional Development. We built new, cutting-edge spaces to support these and other programs— most notably a 4,500 square-foot makerspace, a robotics and medical engineering lab, an augmented and virtual reality lab, and plans for a cyber-physical systems project lab. Our faculty continued to pursue their research and creative agendas, offering collaborative opportunities with students and partners. CDM students and alumni were celebrated for their many achievements— everything from leading the winning teams at the U.S. Cyber Challenge and Campus 1871 to showcasing their games at juried festivals and winning national screenwriting competitions. We encouraged greater research and teaching collaboration, both between our own schools and with units outside CDM. Design and Computing faculty are working together on an NSA grant for smart home devices that considers both software and interface/design, as well as a new grant-funded game lab. One Project Bluelight film team collaborated with The Theatre School and the School of Music while CDM and College of Science and Health faculty joined forces to research the links between traumatic brain injury, domestic violence, and deep games. It has been exciting and inspiring to witness the accomplishments of our innovative and dedicated community. We are proud to provide the space and resources for them to do their exceptional work. David MillerDean, College of Computing and Digital Mediahttps://via.library.depaul.edu/cdmannual/1001/thumbnail.jp

Railway Signalling Principles: Edition 2.0

This tutorial E-book is based on the long-standing experience of teaching railway operations and signalling at TU Braunschweig and other universities and higher vocational training institutions in different parts of the world. It explains the fundamental principles all railway signalling systems have in common. This is done in a generic way that does not focus on specific national solutions. It covers basic elements and terms, principles for safe train separation, interlocking principles, automatic train protection, and level crossing protection. It also contains a glossary with definitions of relevant terms.Dieses E-Book basiert auf dem Inhalt meiner gleichnamigen, englischsprachigen Vorlesung an der TU Braunschweig, die ich in ähnlicher Form seit vielen Jahren im Rahmen von Lehrkooperationen regelmäßig auch an mehreren ausländischen Universitäten halte. Ich möchte auf diesem Wege das darin in konzentrierter Form gesammelte Wissen der Allgemeinheit zugänglich machen. Es dient für die genannten Lehrveranstaltungen im In- und Ausland inzwischen auch als Vorlesungsskript. In der 2. Auflage wurde vor allem der Abschnitt zum European Train Control System (ETCS) zur Anpassung an aktuelle Entwicklungen überarbeitet und ergänzt

SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE NEURAL CIRCUITS THAT PREDICT ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Although neurobiological mechanisms underlying alcohol use and dependence have been extensively researched, mechanisms explaining sex differences in alcohol drinking are poorly understood. The cortical-striatal circuit plays a key role in the development of alcohol dependence, and it has previously been shown that oscillations from these regions predict drinking in non-dependent male rats, but not in female rats. Since women are more likely to report using alcohol for negative reinforcement reasons and are more sensitive to stress-induced relapse, we hypothesized that stress-related neural circuits may contain more information predictive of female drinking. To test this, we determined whether cortical, striatal, and/or limbic oscillations during alcohol self-administration would distinguish between dependent and non-dependent rats in a sex-specific manner. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer 10% alcohol before implanting bilateral electrodes targeting the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Then, half of the rats were exposed to four weeks of chronic intermittent alcohol (CIA) vapor (14 hours on/10 hours off) to induce dependence. After dependence was established and during acute withdrawal (approximately 7 hours after the vapor turns off), local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the mPFC, NAcSh, and CeA during another round of self-administration sessions. Using an unbiased machine learning approach, we built predictive models to determine whether oscillations could distinguish CIA-exposed from control rats in both sexes. Overall, female rats self-administered more alcohol than males. CIA exposure increased alcohol self-administration in both sexes, but to a larger extent in males. Preliminary analysis revealed that NAcSh and mPFC LFPs best predict CIA exposure in males, while CeA and mPFC oscillations best predict CIA exposure in females. These data provide support for sex-specific neurobiological correlates of dependence, which contributes to our understanding of sex differences in alcohol misuse

Shuttle Ground Operations Efficiencies/Technologies (SGOE/T) study. Volume 2: Ground Operations evaluation

The Ground Operations Evaluation describes the breath and depth of the various study elements selected as a result of an operational analysis conducted during the early part of the study. Analysis techniques used for the evaluation are described in detail. Elements selected for further evaluation are identified; the results of the analysis documented; and a follow-on course of action recommended. The background and rationale for developing recommendations for the current Shuttle or for future programs is presented